Top

Social Justice Research

Published in:

24-10-2020

Confirmatory Factor and Smallest Space Analyses on the Belief in a Just World Scale

Authors: Warren G. Harding, V. K. Kumar, Jasmin Tahmaseb McConatha

Published in: Social Justice Research | Issue 1/2021

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

A confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was used on the Belief in a Just World Scale (BJW; Lucas, Zhdanova & Alexander in J Individ Diff 32:14–25, 2011) to test the replicability of its four-scale structure. Additionally, Guttman’s Smallest Space Analysis (SSA) was used to test the presence of two facets with each consisting of two elements: Type of Justice (Distributive and Procedural) and Locus of Attributions (Justice Beliefs for Self and Justice Beliefs for Others) in the BJW scale. Participants (n = 301) were university students and community members (recruited through local church and social media). The CFA revealed marginally acceptable support for the four-factor structure of the BJW. As hypothesized, the SSA provided evidence for the presence of two facets with two elements each as stated above. Consistent with earlier findings of Lucas et al. (J Individ Diff 32:14–25, 2011) and Lucas et al. (Political Psychol 35:775–793, 2014), the BJW subscales had positive significant correlations with each other and evidenced strong internal consistency reliabilities.

previous article Autochthony Belief and Making Amends to Indigenous Peoples: The Role of Collective Moral Emotions

next article Social Pressure Mediates the Negative Impact of Guilt on Fair Allocation in Multi-Party Interactions

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Adams, J. S. (1963). Towards an understanding of inequity. Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 67, 422–436.CrossRef

Alt, D. (2014). Assessing the connection between students’ justice experience and attitudes toward academic cheating in higher education new learning environments. Journal of Academic Ethics, 13, 121–134. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-014-9202-6CrossRef

Alt, D., & Itzkovich, Y. (2015). Assessing the connection between students’ justice experience and perceptions of faculty incivility in higher education. Journal of Academic Ethics, 12, 113–127. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-015-9232-8CrossRef

Alt, D., & Itzkovich, Y. (2017). Cross-validation of the reactions to faculty incivility measurement through a multidimensional scaling approach. Journal of Academic Ethics, 15, 215–228. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10805-017-9288-8CrossRef

Amar, R. (2005). HUDAP manual. Jerusalem, Israel: Hebrew University.

Anderson, J. E., Kay, A. C., & Fitzsimons, G. M. (2010). In search of the silver lining: the justice motive fosters perceptions of benefits in the later lives of tragedy victims. Psychological Science, 21, 1599–1604. https://doi.org/10.1177/0956797610386620CrossRefPubMed

Byrne, B. M. (2010). Structural equation modeling with AMOS (2nd ed.). New York: Routledge.

Cangur, S., & Ercan, I. (2015). Comparison of model fit índices used in structural equation modeling under multivariate normality. Journal of Modern Applied Statistical Methods, 14, 152–167. https://doi.org/10.22237/jmasm/143053580CrossRef

Cohen, A., Fiarello, C. A., & Farely, F. (2006). The cylindrical structures of the Wechsler intelligence scale for children—IV: A retest of the Guttman model of intelligence. Intelligence, 34, 587–591. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2006.05.003CrossRef

Dalbert, C. (1992). Subjektives wohlbefinden junger erwachsener: theoretische und empirische analysen der struktur und stabilität. Zeitschrift für Differentielle und Diagnostische Psychologie, 13, 207–220.

Dalbert, C. (1999). The world is more just for me than generally: About the personal belief in a just world scale’s validity. Social Justice Research, 12, 79–98. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022091609047CrossRef

Dalbert, C. (2001). The justice motive as a personal resource: Dealing with challenges and critical life events. New York: Kluwer.CrossRef

Dalbert, C., & Stoeber, J. (2006). The personal belief in a just world and domain specific beliefs about justice at school and in the family: A longitudinal study with adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 30, 200–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025406063638CrossRef

Dalbert, C., Montada, L., & Schmitt, M. (1987). Glaube an eine gerechte welt als motiv: Validierungskorrelate zweier Skalen (Belief in a just world: Validity correlates of two scales). Psychologische Beiträge, 29, 596–615.

Diener, E., Emmons, R. A., Larsen, R. J., & Griffin, S. (1985). The satisfaction with life scale. Journal of Personality Assessment, 49, 71–75. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13CrossRefPubMed

Donald, I., & Canter, D. (1990). Temporal and trait facets of personal assessments. Applied Psychology. An International Review, 39, 413–429. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1990.tb01064.xCrossRef

Elizur, D., & Sagie, A. (1999). Facets of personal values: A structural analysis of life and work values. Applied Psychology. An International Review, 48, 73–87. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1464-0597.1999.tb00049.xCrossRef

Festinger, L. A. (1957). A theory of cognitive dissonance. Evanston: Row, Peterson.

Furnham, A. (2003). Belief in a just world: Research progress over the past decade. Personality and Individual Differences, 34, 795–817.CrossRef

Furnham, A. & Procter, E. (1989). Just world beliefs and AIDS: A validational study of new multidimensional. Just World Belief Scale. Unpublished paper.

George, D., & Mallery, P. (1995). SPSS/PC+ Step by step. A simple guide and reference. Belmont: Wadsworth Publishing Company.

Guttman, L. (1982). What is not in theory construction. In R. M. Hauser, D. Mechanic, & A. Haller (Eds.), Social structure and behavior (pp. 331–348). New York: Academic Press.CrossRef

Homans, G. C. (1961). Social behavior. Its elementary forms. NY: Harcourt Brace.

Kogut, T. (2011). Someone to blame: When identifying a victim decreases helping. Journal of Experimental Social Psychology, 47, 748–755. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jesp.2011.02.011CrossRef

Kumar, V. K., & Farley, F. (2009). Structural aspects of three hypnotizability scales: Smallest space analysis. International Journal of Clinical and Experimental Hypnosis, 57, 343–365. https://doi.org/10.1080/00207140903098452CrossRef

Lerner, M. J. (1980). The belief in a just world: A fundamental delusion. New York: Plenum Press.CrossRef

Lerner, M. J., & Miller, D. T. (1978). Just world research and the attribution process: Looking back and ahead. Psychological Bulletin, 85(5), 1030–1051.CrossRef

Leventhal, G. S. (1980). What should be done with equity theory? In K. J. Gergen, M. S. Greenberg, & R. H. Willis (Eds.), Social exchange: Advances in theory and research (pp. 27–55). New York: Plenum.CrossRef

Lipkus, I. M. (1991). The construction and preliminary validation of a global belief in a just world scale and the exploratory analysis of the multidimensional belief in a just world scale. Personality and Individual Differences, 12, 1171–1178. https://doi.org/10.1016/0191-8869(91)90081-LCrossRef

Lipkus, I. M., Dalbert, C., & Siegler, I. C. (1996). The importance of distinguishing the belief in a just world for self versus others. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22, 666–677.CrossRef

Lucas, T., Alexander, S., Firestone, I. J., & LeBreton, J. M. (2007). Development and initial validation of a procedural and distributive just world measure. Personality and Individual Differences, 43, 71–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2006.11.008CrossRef

Lucas, T., Kamble, S. V., Wu, M. S., Zhdanova, L., & Wendorf, C. A. (2016). Distributive and procedural justice for self and others: Measurement invariance and links to life satisfaction in four cultures. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 47, 234–238. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022115615692CrossRef

Lucas, T., Rudolph, C., Zhdanova, L., Barkho, E., & Weidner, N. (2014). Distributive justice for others, collective angst, and support for immigrants. Political Psychology, 35, 775–793. https://doi.org/10.1111/pops.12204CrossRef

Lucas, T., Woerner, J., Pierce, J., Granger, D. A., Lin, J., Epel, E. S., et al. (2018). Justice for all? Beliefs about justice for self and others and telomere length in African Americans. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 24, 498–509. https://doi.org/10.1037//cdp0000212CrossRefPubMed

Lucas, T., Zhdanova, L., & Alexander, S. (2011). Procedural and distributive justice beliefs for self and others: Assessment of a four-factor individual differences model. Journal of Individual Differences, 32, 14–25. https://doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000032CrossRef

Lucas, T., Zhdanova, L., Wendorf, C. A., & Alexander, S. (2013). Procedural and distributive justice beliefs for self and others: multilevel associations with life satisfaction and self-rated health. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14, 1325–1341. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-012-9387-6CrossRef

Maes, J. (1998). Geht es in der Schule gerecht zu?—Überzeugungen der Schülerinnen ünd Schüler und deren Folgen [Is school life just?—Pupils’ convictions and their consequences]. In A. Kaiser & R. Kaiser (Eds.), Entwicklung ünd Erprobung von Modellen der Begabtenförderung am Gymnasium mit Verkürzung der Schulzeit. Abschlussuntersuchung in der Gymnasialen Oberstufe (MSS) [= Schulversuche und Bildungsforschung, 80/11] (pp. 60–66). Mainz, Germany: Hase & Koehler.

Maes, J., & Kals, E. (2002). Justice beliefs in schools. Distinguishing ultimate and immanent justice. Social Justice Research, 15, 227–244. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021010512478CrossRef

Poon, J. M. L. (2012). Distributive justice, procedural justice, affective commitment, and turnover intention: A Mediation-Moderation framework. Journal of Applied Social Psychology, 2012(42), 1505–1532. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-1816.2012.00910.xCrossRef

Rubin, Z., & Peplau, A. (1973). Belief in a just world and reactions to another’s lot. A study of participants in the national draft lottery. Journal of Social Issues, 29, 73–93.CrossRef

Rubin, Z., & Peplau, A. (1975). Who believes in a just world? Journal of Social Issues, 31, 65–89.CrossRef

Shye, S., Elizur, D., & Hoffman, M. (1994). Introduction to facet theory. Content design and intrinsic data analysis (Vol. 35). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.CrossRef

Sutton, R. M., & Winnard, E. J. (2007). Looking ahead through lenses of justice: The relevance of just-world beliefs to intentions and confidence in the future. British Journal of Social Psychology, 46, 649–666.CrossRef

Thibaut, J., & Walker, L. (1978). A theory of procedure. California Law Review, 66, 541–566.CrossRef

Whately, M. A. (1993). Belief in a just world scale: Unidimensional or multidimensional. The Journal of Social Psychology, 133, 547–551. https://doi.org/10.1080/00224545.1993.9712180CrossRef

White, K., MacDonell, R., & Ellard, J. H. (2012). Belief in a just world: Consumer intentions and behaviors toward ethical products. Journal of Marketing, 76, 103–118. https://doi.org/10.1509/jm.09.0581CrossRef

Title: Confirmatory Factor and Smallest Space Analyses on the Belief in a Just World Scale
Authors: Warren G. Harding
V. K. Kumar
Jasmin Tahmaseb McConatha
Publication date: 24-10-2020
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Social Justice Research / Issue 1/2021
Print ISSN: 0885-7466
Electronic ISSN: 1573-6725
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11211-020-00360-x

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Other articles of this Issue 1/2021

What Makes Diets Political? Moral Foundations and the Left-Wing-Vegan Connection

Implications of Longevity Bias for Explaining, Evaluating, and Responding to Social Inequality

Autochthony Belief and Making Amends to Indigenous Peoples: The Role of Collective Moral Emotions

Social Pressure Mediates the Negative Impact of Guilt on Fair Allocation in Multi-Party Interactions