Controlled quantum dialogue with authentication protocol on a basis of GHZ-like state

A controlled quantum dialogue with authentication protocol on a basis of GHZ-like state was proposed in this paper. To start with, three participants of the communication protocol generated a corresponding identity ID through quantum key distribution and it was kept secret. Controller Trent prepared the three-particle Greenberger–Home–Zeilinger-like (GHZ-like) state and shared with other two communication users Alice and Bob. Communication participants use the entangled particles in their respective hands which satisfy the nature of the classical XOR relationship for encryption, controlling and decryption of quantum messages and to verify the identities of communication users. Meanwhile, security of communication was assured by introducing decoy photons. According to analysis results, the proposed protocol can effectively not only prevent any form of eavesdropping behavior from external and internal eavesdroppers including the controller Trent, but also detect such activities. Finally, this protocol is proved to have high communication efficiency.