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Social Indicators Research
Published in: Social Indicators Research 2/2022

01-08-2022 | Original Research

Criminality in Brazilian Border Municipalities: An Analysis of Overrepresentation and Its Determinants

Author: Augusta Pelinski Raiher

Published in: Social Indicators Research | Issue 2/2022

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Abstract

This paper analyzes the effect of a municipality being in the “Brazilian border” on its criminality rates, focusing mainly on twin cities and the different arcs. It also identifies determinants of criminality in those municipalities. Firstly, the Propensity Score Matching Method was used to identify the existence of overrepresentation of municipalities in border areas in criminality due to their location and, next, the Spatial Tobit model was applied aiming to identify the determinants of local criminality. Our results showed that, on average, there is no effect of “being in the border” when all the municipalities in border areas and their different arcs are considered. However, when twin cities were analyzed, such effect exists and intensifies the local criminality. Regarding determinants, a difference was found between the municipalities in the Brazilian border and the country as a whole, in which economic advantages were seen to be relevant in the latter context, while the presence of the State reducing social disadvantages is vital to decrease public safety issues in border areas.
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Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Footnotes
1
For the dependent variable of (1) a binary variable was used: “one” if the municipality was in the border area; “zero” if the municipality was outside the border area).
 
2
The main premise in this theory is that the interaction between propensity to crime and criminogenic exposure is important to understand crime involvement. Therefore, social and economic disadvantages, along with the criminogenic environment, would be the “cause of causes” of illegal actions.
 
3
Data related to crime against property is not systematized in any data base. Therefore, this information was collected from each federative unit, creating a single data base, which comprises twenty-four states plus the Federal District. Two states only were not included in the analysis: Acre, which never replied the request for information, and Paraíba, which alleged not having such information.
 
4
With this purpose, the covariate mean difference test was carried out before the matching and after the matching as well as the Propensity Score density graph.
 
5
Refers to the set of mechanisms and occasions that originate or might cause criminal action such as: social, economic and/or environmental disadvantage, with the presence of criminal peers.
 
6
Regarding the State of Ceará, the existing data was per safety integrated area. Then, the municipalities belonging to each area were identified, and the weighting was carried out by population, estimating theft per municipality. As for Mato Grosso and Rio de Janeiro the estimates refer to 2003, considering the growth rate in previous years.
 
7
It consists of the following indicators: attendance to child education; elementary school dropping rate; divergence age-school year in elementary education; elementary school teachers with higher education; mean of daily class hours in elementary school; IDEB results (Firjan, 2020).
 
8
This index is made up of the following indicators: proportion of suitable pre-natal assistance; deaths due to poorly defined causes; child death due to avoidable causes; hospitalization sensitive to basic attention (Firjan, 2020).
 
9
For the family mean size factor, the proxy used was the mean size of families assisted by the Bolsa Família program.
 
10
Other spatial models were tested (Spatial Error Model—SEM; Spatial Durbin—SDM; Spatial Durbin Error Model—SDEM), however, the Akaike information criterion pointed out the SAR model as the most suitable (SAR = 1662; SEM = 1.785; SDM = 1690; SDEM = 1.699).
 
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Metadata
Title
Criminality in Brazilian Border Municipalities: An Analysis of Overrepresentation and Its Determinants
Author
Augusta Pelinski Raiher
Publication date
01-08-2022
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Social Indicators Research / Issue 2/2022
Print ISSN: 0303-8300
Electronic ISSN: 1573-0921
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-022-02964-z

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