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2017 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

Der Begriff der Verantwortung in der Antike und im Mittelalter

Authors : Susan Sauvé Meyer, Jeffrey P. Hause

Published in: Handbuch Verantwortung

Publisher: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden

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Zusammenfassung

In der Antike wurde nicht nur eine Vielzahl unterschiedlicher Begriffe verwandt, um menschliche Verantwortung zu fassen, auch die Bedeutung der Begriffe variiert oft genug von Autor zu Autor. Während Aristoteles verschiedene Aspekte der Verantwortung mit ‚Ursache‘, ‚freiwillig‘ und – für das, was in unserer Macht liegt – ‚bei uns‘ (eph’ hêmin, engl. up to us) einfängt, bewegt Platon sich ausschließlich im semantischen Feld von ‚Ursache‘. Für die Stoiker, Epikureer und späteren Aristoteliker ist der zentrale Begriff in der Annäherung an die Verantwortungsthematik ‚das, was bei uns liegt‘. Eine Ausnahme bildet der römische Stoiker Epiktet, indem für ihn ‚das, was bei uns liegt‘ ein ethisches Ideal darstellt, das selbst viele verantwortlich Handelnde nicht erreichen. Eine ähnlich normativ konnotierte Auffassung von dem, ‚was bei uns liegt‘, vertritt Plotin, der sie mit Platons Konzeption der Freiwilligkeit verbindet; formuliert er hingegen Fragen zur Verantwortung, spricht Plotin wie Platon von ‚Ursache‘. Im Verlauf der Antike stellen sich zwar Zweifel bezüglich der Kompatibilität von Verantwortung und Determination ein, doch rücken sie weder in dieser Zeit noch im Mittelalter ins Zentrum der Betrachtung. Für die Denker der Spätantike und des Mittelalters wird unsere Eigenverfügung zum sei es alleinigen, sei es mit dem Intellekt verbundenen Ausdruck unseres Willens, wobei jedoch die Meinungen über genaues Wesen und Funktion des Willens weit auseinandergehen. Verantwortung interessiert hier nicht nur im Hinblick auf eine rein theoretische Untersuchung der menschlichen Natur, sondern auch in praktischer, insbesondere geistlich-seelsorgerischer Hinsicht.

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Metadata
Title
Der Begriff der Verantwortung in der Antike und im Mittelalter
Authors
Susan Sauvé Meyer
Jeffrey P. Hause
Copyright Year
2017
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-06110-4_5

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