Design and Implementation of a Prediction Approach Using Big Data and Deep Learning Techniques for Parking Occupancy

With the developing world, cities have begun to become smarter. Smart parking systems, with the ever-increasing number of vehicles, are among the important matters in smart cities. The reason for this is that the search for parking spaces that are already insufficient, brings along a serious cost, air pollution and stress issues. In this study, a new approach that attempts to forecast the parking lot occupancy rate in the short- and medium-term with its deep learning-based Gated Recurrent Units (GRU) model was proposed. Initially, data belonging to 607 carparks located in the city of Istanbul in Turkey, and weather data have been collected, and a multivariate time series data set has been created. In the second stage, to forecast the parking places that would be available in the short- and medium-term, the GRU model was used in the system proposed. To show the effectiveness of the model, the results obtained through the 27 different models were compared by means of the Recurrent Neural Networks (RNN) and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM), which were some other sequence models. According to the experimental results made on the weather data obtained from İSPARK dataset and AKOM, the our proposed GRU model achieves 99.11% accuracy gave the best results with 0.90 MAE, 2.35 MSE and 1.53 RMSE metric values. Experimental results obtained with various hyperparameters clearly demonstrate the success of the GRU deep learning model in prediction parking occupancy rates.