Top

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance

Published in:

31-01-2018

Determination of Strain Rate Sensitivity of Micro-struts Manufactured Using the Selective Laser Melting Method

Authors: Recep Gümrük, R. A. W. Mines, Sami Karadeniz

Published in: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance | Issue 3/2018

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

Micro-lattice structures manufactured using the selective laser melting (SLM) process provides the opportunity to realize optimal cellular materials for impact energy absorption. In this paper, strain rate-dependent material properties are measured for stainless steel 316L SLM micro-lattice struts in the strain rate range of 10⁻³ to 6000 s⁻¹. At high strain rates, a novel version of the split Hopkinson Bar has been developed. Strain rate-dependent materials data have been used in Cowper–Symonds material model, and the scope and limit of this model in the context of SLM struts have been discussed. Strain rate material data and the Cowper–Symonds model have been applied to the finite element analysis of a micro-lattice block subjected to drop weight impact loading. The model output has been compared to experimental results, and it has been shown that the increase in crush stress due to impact loading is mainly the result of strain rate material behavior. Hence, a systematic methodology has been developed to investigate the impact energy absorption of a micro-lattice structure manufactured using additive layer manufacture (SLM). This methodology can be extended to other micro-lattice materials and configurations, and to other impact conditions.

previous article Microstructures, Martensitic Transformation, and Mechanical Behavior of Rapidly Solidified Ti-Ni-Hf and Ti-Ni-Si Shape Memory Alloys

next article Electrolytic Synthesis of Ni-W-MWCNT Composite Coating for Alkaline Hydrogen Evolution Reaction

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Y. Shen, S. McKown, S. Tsopanos, S.C. Sutcliffe, R.A.W. Mines, and W.J. Cantwell, The Mechanical Properties of Sandwich Structures Based on Metal Lattice Architectures, J. Sandw. Struct. Mater., 2009, 12(2), p 159–180CrossRef

S. Tsopanos, R.A.W. Mines, S. McKown, Y. Shen, W. Cantwell, W. Brooks, and C.J. Sutcliffe, The Influence of Processing Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of Selectively Laser Melted Stainless Steel Micro-Lattice Structures, J. Manuf. Sci. E-T ASME, 2010, 132(4), p 41011CrossRef

R. Gümrük and R.A.W. Mines, Compressive Behavior of Stainless Steel Micro-Lattice Structures, Int. J. Mech. Sci., 2013, 68, p 125–139CrossRef

R. Gümrük, R.A.W. Mines, and S. Karadeniz, Static Mechanical Behaviors of Stainless Steel Micro Lattice Structures Under Different Loading Conditions, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, 586, p 392–406CrossRef

S. McKown, Y. Shen, W.K. Brookes, C.J. Sutcliffe, W.J. Cantwell, G.S. Langdon, G.N. Nurick, and M.D. Theobald, The Quasi-static and Blast Loading Response of Lattice Structures, Int. J. Impact Eng., 2008, 35, p 795–810CrossRef

M. Smith, W.J. Cantwell, Z. Guan, S. Tsopanos, M.D. Theobald, G.N. Nurick, and G.S. Langdon, The Quasi-static and Blast Response of Steel Lattice Structures, J. Sandw. Struct. Mater., 2011, 13(4), p 479–501CrossRef

G.N. Labeas and M.M. Sunaric, Investigation on the Static Response and Failure Process of Metallic Open Lattice Cellular Structures, Strain, 2008, 46, p 195–204CrossRef

K. Ushijima, W.J. Cantwell, R.A.W. Mines, S. Tsopanos, and M. Smith, An Investigation into the Compressive Properties of Stainless Steel Micro-Lattice Structures, J. Sandw. Struct. Mater., 2011, 13(3), p 303–329CrossRef

S. Lee, F. Barthelat, J.W. Hutchinson, and H.D. Espinosa, Dynamic Failure of Metallic Pyramidal Truss Core Materials—Experiment and Modeling, Int. J. Plast., 2006, 22, p 2118–2145CrossRef

10.

S. Lee, F. Barthelat, N. Moldovan, H.D. Espinosa, and H.N.G. Wadley, Deformation Rate Effects on Failure Modes of Open Cell Al Foams and Textile Materials, Int. J. Sol. Struct., 2006, 43, p 53–73CrossRef

11.

A.G. Evans, M.Y. He, V.S. Deshpande, J.W. Hutchinson, A.J. Jacobsen, and W.B. Carter, Concepts for Enhanced Energy Absorption Using Hollow Micro Lattices, Int. J. Imp. Eng., 2010, 37, p 947–959CrossRef

12.

T.A. Schaedler, A.J. Jacobsen, A. Torrents, A.E. Sorensen, J. Lian, J.R. Greer, L. Valdevit, and W.B. Carter, Ultralight Metallic Micro Lattices, Science, 2011, 334, p 962–965CrossRef

13.

D.N. Fang, Y.L. Li, and H. Zhao, On the Behavior Characterization of Metallic Cellular Materials under Impact Loading, Acta Mech. Sin., 2010, 26, p 837–846CrossRef

14.

M.Z. Mahmoudabadi and M. Sadighi, A Theoretical and Experimental Study on Metal Hexagonal Honeycomb Crushing under Quasi Static and Low Velocity Impact Loading, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, 528, p 4958–4966CrossRef

15.

T.A. Schaedler, C.J. Ro, A.E. Sorensen, S.S. Yang, W.B. Carter, and A.J. Jacobsen, Designing Metallic Micro Lattices for Energy Absorber, Adv. Eng. Mater., 2014, 16(1), p 276–283CrossRef

16.

Y. Liu, T.A. Schaedler, and X. Chen, Dynamic Energy Absorption Characteristics of Hollow Micro Lattice Structures, Mech. Mater., 2014, 77, p 1–13CrossRef

17.

Z. Ozdemir, E. Hernandez-Nava, A. Tyas, J.A. Warren, S.D. Fay, R. Goodall, L. Toddy, and H. Askes, Energy Absorption in Lattice Structures in Dynamics: Experiments, Int. J. Imp. Eng., 2016, 89, p 49–61CrossRef

18.

R.A.W. Mines, S. Tsopanos, Y. Shen, R. Hasan, and S.T. McKown, Drop Weight Impact Behavior of Sandwich Panels with Metallic Micro Lattice Cores, Int. J. Imp. Eng., 2013, 60, p 120–132CrossRef

19.

I. Maskery, N.T. Aboulkhair, A.O. Aremu, C.J. Tuck, I.A. Ashcroft, and R.D. Wildman, A Mechanical Property Evaluation of Graded Density Al-Si10-Mg Lattice Structures Manufactured by Selective Laser Melting, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2016, 670, p 264–274CrossRef

20.

E. Abele, H.A. Stoffregen, K. Klimkeit, H. Hoche, and M. Oeshsner, Optimisation of Process Parameters for Lattice Structures, Rapid Prototyp. J., 2015, 21(1), p 117–127CrossRef

21.

M. Seifi, A. Salem, J. Beuth, O. Harrysson, and J.J. Lewandowski, Overview of Materials Qualification Needs for Metal Additive Manufacturing, J. O. M., 2016, 68(3), p 747–764

22.

J. Bűltmann, S. Merkt, C. Hammer, C. Hinke, and P. Ulrich, Scalability of the Mechanical Properties of Selective Laser Melting Produced Micro Struts, J. Laser Appl., 2015, 27(S2), S29206, p 1–7.

23.

J.W. Hutchinson, Plasticity at the Micron Scale, Int. J. Sol. Struct., 2000, 37, p 225–238CrossRef

24.

Y. Shen, High Performance Sandwich Structures Based on Novel Metal Cores, Ph.D. University of Liverpool, UK, 2009

25.

R. Hasan, Progressive Collapse of Titanium Alloy Micro Lattice Structures Manufactured Using Selective Laser Melting, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Liverpool, UK, 2013

26.

Cambridge Engineering Selector, Properties: Stainless Steel Austenitic AISI 316L Wrought, Cold Annealed, Accessed, 2012

27.

N.A. Fleck, Some Aspects of Clip Gauge Design, Strain, 1983, 10, p 17–21CrossRef

28.

Y. Shen, W. Cantwell, R. Mines, and Y. Li, Low Velocity Impact Performance of Lattice Structure Core Based Sandwich Panels, J. Comp. Mater., 2014, 48(25), p 3153–3167CrossRef

29.

I. Ullah, M. Brandt, and S. Feih, Failure and Energy Absorption Characteristics of Advanced 3D Truss Core Structures, Mater. Des., 2016, 92, p 937–948CrossRef

30.

G.S. Langdon and G.K. Schleyer, Unusual Strain Rate Sensitive Behavior of AISI, 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel, J. Strain Anal., 2004, 39(1), p 71–86CrossRef

31.

M.A. Meyers, Dynamic Behavior of Materials, Wiley, New York, 1994CrossRef

32.

H. Huh, W.J. Kang, and S.S. Han, A Tension Split Hopkinson Bar for Investigating the Dynamic Behavior of Sheet Metals, Exp. Mech., 2002, 42(1), p 8–17CrossRef

33.

L.Y. Li and T.C.K. Molyneaux, Dynamic Constitutive Equations and Behavior of Brass at High Strain Rates, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. C J. Mech. Eng. Sci., 1995, 209, p 287–293CrossRef

34.

O.S. Lee and G.H. Kim, Thickness Effects on Mechanical Behavior of a Composite Material (1001P) and Polycarbonate in Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar Technique, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 2000, 19, p 1805–1808CrossRef

35.

P.S. Follansbee, The Hopkinson Bar, in Metals Handbook, 9th ed., Mechanical Testing, vol. 8, American Society for Metals, 1985, p 198–203

36.

N. Jones, Structural Impact, 2nd ed., Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2012

37.

M. Alves, Material Constitutive Law for Large Strains and Strain Rates, J. Eng. Mech., 2000, 126, p 215–218CrossRef

38.

M. Sasso, G. Newaz, and D. Amodio, Material Characterization at High Strain Rate Hopkinson Bar Tests and Finite Element Optimization, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2008, 487, p 289–300CrossRef

39.

M. Smith, Z. Guan, and W.J. Cantwell, Finite Element Modelling of the Compressive Response of Lattice Structures Manufactured Using Selective Laser Melting, Int. J. Mech. Sci., 2013, 67, p 28–41CrossRef

40.

P. Li, N. Petrinic, and C.R. Siviour, Baseline Metal and CM Core Properties: Micro Lattice Structure, Deliverable: 3-1-1b Report, CELPACT (Cellular Materials for Impact Performance), 2009

41.

T. Tancogne-Dejean, A.B. Spierings, and D. Mohr, Additively-Manufactured Metallic Micro-Lattice Materials for High Specific Energy Absorption Under Static and Dynamic Loading, Acta. Mater., 2016, 116, p 14–28CrossRef

42.

LS DYNA Theory Manual, LSTC, 2016

43.

B. Burgan, Elevated Temperature and High Strain Rate Properties of Offshore Steels, Steel Construction Institute, Offshore Technology Report 2001/020, 2001

Title: Determination of Strain Rate Sensitivity of Micro-struts Manufactured Using the Selective Laser Melting Method
Authors: Recep Gümrük
R. A. W. Mines
Sami Karadeniz
Publication date: 31-01-2018
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance / Issue 3/2018
Print ISSN: 1059-9495
Electronic ISSN: 1544-1024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3208-y

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 3/2018

Improving Corrosion Resistance of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel Using ZrO2 Sol-Gel Coating in Nitric Acid Solution

Laser Welding-Brazing of Immiscible AZ31B Mg and Ti-6Al-4V Alloys Using an Electrodeposited Cu Interlayer

Effects of Laser Energies on Wear and Tensile Properties of Biomimetic 7075 Aluminum Alloy

Microstructures, Martensitic Transformation, and Mechanical Behavior of Rapidly Solidified Ti-Ni-Hf and Ti-Ni-Si Shape Memory Alloys

Microstructure and Properties of 5083 Al/1060 Al/AZ31 Composite Plate Fabricated by Explosive Welding

Cu-7Cr-0.1Ag Microcomposites Optimized for High Strength and High Condutivity

Premium Partners