Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 3/2013

01-03-2013

Development and Design of Binder Systems for Titanium Metal Injection Molding: An Overview

Authors: Guian Wen, Peng Cao, Brian Gabbitas, Deliang Zhang, Neil Edmonds

Published in: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A | Issue 3/2013

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Titanium metal injection molding (Ti-MIM) has been practiced since the late 1980s. Logically, the Ti-MIM practice follows the similar processes developed for the antecedent materials such as stainless steel and ceramics. Although Ti-MIM is a favorite research topic today, the issue of convincing the designers to use Ti injection-molded parts still exists. This is mainly because of the concern about contamination which seems unavoidable during the Ti-MIM process. Much information about the binder formulation, powder requirements, debinding, and sintering is available in the literature. There are several powder vendors and feedstock suppliers. However, most of the binders in the feedstock are proprietarily protected. The disclosed information on the binders used for formulating powder feedstock is very limited, which in turn discourages their adoption by engineering designers. This overview intends to discuss some of major binder systems for Ti-MIM available in the literature. It serves to provide a guideline for the Ti-MIM practitioners to choose a suitable powder feedstock.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference F.H. Froes: in Handbook of Advanced Materials, J.K. Weasel ed., McGraw, New York, 2000. F.H. Froes: in Handbook of Advanced Materials, J.K. Weasel ed., McGraw, New York, 2000.
2.
go back to reference G. Welsch, R. Boyer, and E.W. Collings: Materials Properties Handbook:Titanium Alloys, Materials Park, OH : ASM International, 1994. G. Welsch, R. Boyer, and E.W. Collings: Materials Properties Handbook:Titanium Alloys, Materials Park, OH : ASM International, 1994.
3.
go back to reference J.E. Barnes, W. Peter, and C.A. Blue: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2009, vols. 618-619, pp. 165-68.CrossRef J.E. Barnes, W. Peter, and C.A. Blue: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2009, vols. 618-619, pp. 165-68.CrossRef
4.
5.
go back to reference R.M. German: Powder Injection Molding, Metal Powder Industries Federation, Princeton, NJ, 1990. R.M. German: Powder Injection Molding, Metal Powder Industries Federation, Princeton, NJ, 1990.
6.
go back to reference Y. Kaneko, K. Ameyama, K. Saito, H. Iwasaki, and M. Tokizane: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 1988, vol. 35, pp. 646-50.CrossRef Y. Kaneko, K. Ameyama, K. Saito, H. Iwasaki, and M. Tokizane: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 1988, vol. 35, pp. 646-50.CrossRef
7.
8.
go back to reference R.M. German: Int. J. Powder Metall., 2010, vol. 46, pp. 11-17. R.M. German: Int. J. Powder Metall., 2010, vol. 46, pp. 11-17.
9.
go back to reference T. Ebel, C. Blawert, R. Willumeit, B.J.C. Luthringer, O.M. Ferri, and F. Feyerabend: Adv. Eng. Mater., 2011, vol. 13(12), pp. B440-B53.CrossRef T. Ebel, C. Blawert, R. Willumeit, B.J.C. Luthringer, O.M. Ferri, and F. Feyerabend: Adv. Eng. Mater., 2011, vol. 13(12), pp. B440-B53.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference F.H. Froes and R.M. German: Metal Powder Report, 2000, vol. 55(6), pp. 12-21.CrossRef F.H. Froes and R.M. German: Metal Powder Report, 2000, vol. 55(6), pp. 12-21.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference R.M. German: PIM Int., 2009, vol. 3(4), pp. 21-37. R.M. German: PIM Int., 2009, vol. 3(4), pp. 21-37.
12.
go back to reference U.M. Attia and J.R. Alcock: J. Micromech. Microeng., 2011, vol. 21(4), pp. 043001.CrossRef U.M. Attia and J.R. Alcock: J. Micromech. Microeng., 2011, vol. 21(4), pp. 043001.CrossRef
13.
go back to reference F.H. Froes: Mater. Technol., 2000, vol. 15 (4), pp. 295-99. F.H. Froes: Mater. Technol., 2000, vol. 15 (4), pp. 295-99.
14.
15.
go back to reference R.M. German and A. Rose: Injection Molding of Metals and Ceramics, Metal Powder Industries Federation, Princeton, NJ, 1997. R.M. German and A. Rose: Injection Molding of Metals and Ceramics, Metal Powder Industries Federation, Princeton, NJ, 1997.
16.
go back to reference E. Baril: PIM Int., 2010, vol. 4, pp. 22-33. E. Baril: PIM Int., 2010, vol. 4, pp. 22-33.
17.
go back to reference E. Baril, L.P. Lefebvre, and Y. Thomas: Powder Metall., 2011, vol. 54(3), pp. 183-87.CrossRef E. Baril, L.P. Lefebvre, and Y. Thomas: Powder Metall., 2011, vol. 54(3), pp. 183-87.CrossRef
18.
19.
go back to reference Y. Ikeda, S. Ikeda, and S. Takaki: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 1995, vol. 42, pp. 911-17.CrossRef Y. Ikeda, S. Ikeda, and S. Takaki: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 1995, vol. 42, pp. 911-17.CrossRef
20.
go back to reference L.P. Lefebvre and E. Baril: Adv. Eng. Mater., 2008, vol. 10(9), pp. 868-76.CrossRef L.P. Lefebvre and E. Baril: Adv. Eng. Mater., 2008, vol. 10(9), pp. 868-76.CrossRef
21.
go back to reference J.A. Grohowski, B.S. Sherman, and J.T. Strauss: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Powder Metallurgy & Particulate Materials, MPIF, Las Vegas, June 8–12, 2003, pp. 273–81. J.A. Grohowski, B.S. Sherman, and J.T. Strauss: Proceedings of the 2003 International Conference on Powder Metallurgy & Particulate Materials, MPIF, Las Vegas, June 8–12, 2003, pp. 273–81.
23.
24.
go back to reference T. Ebel: Proceedings of the 5 th International Light Metals Technology Conference, Trans Tech Publications, Lueneburg, July 19–22, 2011, pp. 181–84. T. Ebel: Proceedings of the 5 th International Light Metals Technology Conference, Trans Tech Publications, Lueneburg, July 19–22, 2011, pp. 181–84.
25.
go back to reference ASTM F67-06: Standard Specification for Unalloyed Titanium, for Surgical Implant Applications, 2006. ASTM F67-06: Standard Specification for Unalloyed Titanium, for Surgical Implant Applications, 2006.
26.
go back to reference ASTM F136-11: Standard Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications, 2011. ASTM F136-11: Standard Specification for Wrought Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium ELI (Extra Low Interstitial) Alloy for Surgical Implant Applications, 2011.
27.
go back to reference ASTM B348-11: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets. 2011. ASTM B348-11: Standard Specification for Titanium and Titanium Alloy Bars and Billets. 2011.
28.
go back to reference ASTM B817-08: Standard Specification for Powder Metallurgy (PM) Titanium Alloy Structural Components, 2008. ASTM B817-08: Standard Specification for Powder Metallurgy (PM) Titanium Alloy Structural Components, 2008.
29.
go back to reference ASTM F2885-11: Standard Specification for Metal Injection Molded Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium Components for Surgical Implant Applications, 2011. ASTM F2885-11: Standard Specification for Metal Injection Molded Titanium-6Aluminum-4Vanadium Components for Surgical Implant Applications, 2011.
30.
go back to reference D. Price, A.R. Horrocks: Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials, A. Wilkie, A. B. Morgan (eds). CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2010. D. Price, A.R. Horrocks: Fire Retardancy of Polymeric Materials, A. Wilkie, A. B. Morgan (eds). CRC Press, Boca Raton, 2010.
31.
go back to reference C.L. Beylerm, M.M. Hirschler: Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, P.J. DiNenno (ed) 2nd edn. SFPE, Boston, 1995. C.L. Beylerm, M.M. Hirschler: Handbook of Fire Protection Engineering, P.J. DiNenno (ed) 2nd edn. SFPE, Boston, 1995.
32.
go back to reference S.C. Moldoveanu: Analytical Pyrolysis of Synthetic Organic Polymers, Vol. 25. Elsevier, New York, 2005.CrossRef S.C. Moldoveanu: Analytical Pyrolysis of Synthetic Organic Polymers, Vol. 25. Elsevier, New York, 2005.CrossRef
33.
go back to reference S. Liang, Y. Tang, B. Huang, and S. Li: Trans. Nonferrous Metals Soc. China, 2004, vol. 14(4), pp. 762-68. S. Liang, Y. Tang, B. Huang, and S. Li: Trans. Nonferrous Metals Soc. China, 2004, vol. 14(4), pp. 762-68.
34.
go back to reference K.F. Hens and R.M. German: Proceedings of the 1995 International Conference and Exhibition Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, MPIF/APMI, Seattle, May 14–17, 1995, pp. 6.27–.36. K.F. Hens and R.M. German: Proceedings of the 1995 International Conference and Exhibition Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, MPIF/APMI, Seattle, May 14–17, 1995, pp. 6.27–.36.
35.
go back to reference K. Schwartzwalder: US Patent 2122960, 1938. K. Schwartzwalder: US Patent 2122960, 1938.
36.
go back to reference Y. Kaneko, K. Ameyama, and S. Sakaguchi: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 1990, vol. 37(5), p. 605.CrossRef Y. Kaneko, K. Ameyama, and S. Sakaguchi: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 1990, vol. 37(5), p. 605.CrossRef
37.
38.
39.
go back to reference S. Guo, X. Qu, X. Wu, and X. He: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2006, vol. 173, pp. 310-14.CrossRef S. Guo, X. Qu, X. Wu, and X. He: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2006, vol. 173, pp. 310-14.CrossRef
40.
go back to reference X. Qu, S. Guo, C. Tang, M. Qin, X. He, and S.H. Islam: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2007, vols. 539-543, pp. 2639-44.CrossRef X. Qu, S. Guo, C. Tang, M. Qin, X. He, and S.H. Islam: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2007, vols. 539-543, pp. 2639-44.CrossRef
41.
go back to reference E. Aust, W. Limberg, R. Gerling, B. Oger, and T. Ebel: Adv. Eng. Mater., 2006, vol. 8, pp. 365-70.CrossRef E. Aust, W. Limberg, R. Gerling, B. Oger, and T. Ebel: Adv. Eng. Mater., 2006, vol. 8, pp. 365-70.CrossRef
42.
go back to reference W. Limberg, E. Aust, T. Ebel, R. Gerling, and B. Oger: Proceedings of Powder Metallurgy World Congress & Exhibition, EPMA, Vienna, Austria, 17–21 October, 2004, vol. 4, pp. 457–62. W. Limberg, E. Aust, T. Ebel, R. Gerling, and B. Oger: Proceedings of Powder Metallurgy World Congress & Exhibition, EPMA, Vienna, Austria, 17–21 October, 2004, vol. 4, pp. 457–62.
43.
go back to reference H. Nakamura, T. Shimura, and K. Nakabayashi: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 1999, vol. 46, pp. 870-76.CrossRef H. Nakamura, T. Shimura, and K. Nakabayashi: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 1999, vol. 46, pp. 870-76.CrossRef
44.
go back to reference B.O. Rhee, M.Y. Cao, H.R. Zhang, E. Streicher, and C.I. Chung: Advances in Powder Metallurgy-Part 2 Powder Injection Molding, Improved wax-based binder formulations for powder injection molding, Chicago, June 9–12, 1991, pp. 43–58. B.O. Rhee, M.Y. Cao, H.R. Zhang, E. Streicher, and C.I. Chung: Advances in Powder Metallurgy-Part 2 Powder Injection Molding, Improved wax-based binder formulations for powder injection molding, Chicago, June 9–12, 1991, pp. 43–58.
45.
go back to reference J.M. Adames: Chacterization of polymeric binders for metal injection molding (MIM) process, The University of Akron, 2007. J.M. Adames: Chacterization of polymeric binders for metal injection molding (MIM) process, The University of Akron, 2007.
46.
go back to reference S.J. Park, Y. Wu, F.F. Heaney, X. Zou, G. Gai, and R.M. German: Metall. Mater. Trans., A, 2009, vol. 40, pp. 215-22.CrossRef S.J. Park, Y. Wu, F.F. Heaney, X. Zou, G. Gai, and R.M. German: Metall. Mater. Trans., A, 2009, vol. 40, pp. 215-22.CrossRef
48.
go back to reference T. Kono, A. Horata, and T. Kondo.: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 1997, vol. 44, pp. 985-92.CrossRef T. Kono, A. Horata, and T. Kondo.: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 1997, vol. 44, pp. 985-92.CrossRef
49.
go back to reference K. Kusaka: Proceedings of the 1996 World Congress on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, MPIF/APMI, Washington, June 16–21, 1996, pp. 19.127–.132. K. Kusaka: Proceedings of the 1996 World Congress on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, MPIF/APMI, Washington, June 16–21, 1996, pp. 19.127–.132.
50.
go back to reference Y. Itoh, T. Hankou, K. Sato, and H. Miura: Proceedings of Powder Metallurgy World Congress & Exhibition, EPMA, Vienna, Austria, 17–21 October, 2004, vol. 4, pp. 445–450. Y. Itoh, T. Hankou, K. Sato, and H. Miura: Proceedings of Powder Metallurgy World Congress & Exhibition, EPMA, Vienna, Austria, 17–21 October, 2004, vol. 4, pp. 445–450.
51.
go back to reference S. Guo, X. Qu, B. Duan, M. Qin, and Y. Zhang: Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2005, vol. 34, pp. 1123-27. S. Guo, X. Qu, B. Duan, M. Qin, and Y. Zhang: Rare Metal Materials and Engineering, 2005, vol. 34, pp. 1123-27.
52.
go back to reference K. Maekawa, M. Takita, and H. Nomura: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 1999, vol. 46, pp. 1053-57.CrossRef K. Maekawa, M. Takita, and H. Nomura: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 1999, vol. 46, pp. 1053-57.CrossRef
53.
go back to reference R. Ibrahim, M. Azmirrudin, M. Jabir, M.R. Ismail, M. Muhamad, R. Awang, and S. Muhamad: Am. J. Appl. Sci., 2010, vol. 7, pp. 811-14.CrossRef R. Ibrahim, M. Azmirrudin, M. Jabir, M.R. Ismail, M. Muhamad, R. Awang, and S. Muhamad: Am. J. Appl. Sci., 2010, vol. 7, pp. 811-14.CrossRef
54.
go back to reference G. Farrow and A.B. Conciatori: European Patent EP0114746 A2, 1984. G. Farrow and A.B. Conciatori: European Patent EP0114746 A2, 1984.
55.
go back to reference S. Krug, J.R.G. Evans, and J.H.H. ter Maat: J. Europ. Cer. Soc., 2000, vol. 20(14–15), pp. 2535-41.CrossRef S. Krug, J.R.G. Evans, and J.H.H. ter Maat: J. Europ. Cer. Soc., 2000, vol. 20(14–15), pp. 2535-41.CrossRef
56.
go back to reference J. Benhoech, D. Weinand, W. Kochanek, and M. Bloemacher: US Patent 5362791, 1994. J. Benhoech, D. Weinand, W. Kochanek, and M. Bloemacher: US Patent 5362791, 1994.
57.
go back to reference M. Bloemacher and D. Weinand: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 1997, vol. 63(1-3), pp. 918-22.CrossRef M. Bloemacher and D. Weinand: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 1997, vol. 63(1-3), pp. 918-22.CrossRef
58.
go back to reference M. Blomacher, D. Weinand, H. Wohlfromn, and J.H.H.t. Maat: US Patent 2003093146, 2001. M. Blomacher, D. Weinand, H. Wohlfromn, and J.H.H.t. Maat: US Patent 2003093146, 2001.
59.
go back to reference H.J. Sterzel and J.H.H. ter Maat: US Patent 5198489, 1993. H.J. Sterzel and J.H.H. ter Maat: US Patent 5198489, 1993.
60.
go back to reference H.J. Sterzel and H. Wohlfromn: US Patent 5604919, 1996. H.J. Sterzel and H. Wohlfromn: US Patent 5604919, 1996.
61.
go back to reference H. Wohlfromn, J. Assmann, H. Henrick, and M. Bloemacher: US Patent 2009/0288739, 2009. H. Wohlfromn, J. Assmann, H. Henrick, and M. Bloemacher: US Patent 2009/0288739, 2009.
62.
go back to reference P.J. Vervoort, R. Vetter, and J. Duszczyk: Advanced Performance Materials, 1996, vol. 3, pp. 121-51.CrossRef P.J. Vervoort, R. Vetter, and J. Duszczyk: Advanced Performance Materials, 1996, vol. 3, pp. 121-51.CrossRef
65.
go back to reference P. Vervoort and I. Cremer: Proceedings of Euro PM 2000: Materials and Processing Trends for PM Components in Transportation, Munich, 18–20 October, 1994, pp. 159–62. P. Vervoort and I. Cremer: Proceedings of Euro PM 2000: Materials and Processing Trends for PM Components in Transportation, Munich, 18–20 October, 1994, pp. 159–62.
66.
go back to reference S. Krug, J.R.G. Evans, and J.H.H. ter Maat: Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2001, vol. 21(12), pp. 2275-83.CrossRef S. Krug, J.R.G. Evans, and J.H.H. ter Maat: Journal of the European Ceramic Society, 2001, vol. 21(12), pp. 2275-83.CrossRef
67.
go back to reference G. Fu, N.H. Loh, S.B. Tor, B.Y. Tay, Y. Murakoshi, R. Maeda (2005) Appl. Phys. A 81(3), 495-500.CrossRef G. Fu, N.H. Loh, S.B. Tor, B.Y. Tay, Y. Murakoshi, R. Maeda (2005) Appl. Phys. A 81(3), 495-500.CrossRef
69.
go back to reference J. Ebenhoech, J.H.H. ter Maat, and H.J. Sterzel: Proceedings of the 1991 Powder Metallurgy Conference and Exhibition, MPIF/APMI, Chicago, June 9-12, 1991, vol. 2, pp. 159–161. J. Ebenhoech, J.H.H. ter Maat, and H.J. Sterzel: Proceedings of the 1991 Powder Metallurgy Conference and Exhibition, MPIF/APMI, Chicago, June 9-12, 1991, vol. 2, pp. 159–161.
70.
71.
go back to reference H.J. Sterzel, J.H.H. ter Maat, J. Ebenhoech, and M. Meyer: US Patent 5145900, 1992. H.J. Sterzel, J.H.H. ter Maat, J. Ebenhoech, and M. Meyer: US Patent 5145900, 1992.
73.
go back to reference J.M. Torralba, J. Hidalgo, and A. Jimenez-Morales: The 8th International Conference on Industrial Tools and Materials Processing Technologies, Powder Injection Moulding: Processing of Small Parts of Complex Shape, TECOS, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2–5 October, 2011, pp. 53–58. J.M. Torralba, J. Hidalgo, and A. Jimenez-Morales: The 8th International Conference on Industrial Tools and Materials Processing Technologies, Powder Injection Moulding: Processing of Small Parts of Complex Shape, TECOS, Ljubljana, Slovenia, 2–5 October, 2011, pp. 53–58.
75.
76.
go back to reference K.S. Weil, E.A. Nyberg, K.L. Simmons: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2005, vol. 46, pp. 1525-31. K.S. Weil, E.A. Nyberg, K.L. Simmons: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2005, vol. 46, pp. 1525-31.
77.
go back to reference K.S. Weil, N. Eric, and S. Kevin: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2006, vol. 176, pp. 205-09.CrossRef K.S. Weil, N. Eric, and S. Kevin: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2006, vol. 176, pp. 205-09.CrossRef
78.
79.
go back to reference N. Sarkar and G.K. Greminger: Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 1983, vol. 62, pp. 1280-88. N. Sarkar and G.K. Greminger: Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 1983, vol. 62, pp. 1280-88.
80.
go back to reference H. Abolhasani and N. Muhamad: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2010, vol. 210(6–7), pp. 961-68.CrossRef H. Abolhasani and N. Muhamad: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2010, vol. 210(6–7), pp. 961-68.CrossRef
81.
go back to reference J.E. Glass: Water-Soluble Polymers in Advances in Chemistry. American Chemistry Society, Washington, DC, 1986.CrossRef J.E. Glass: Water-Soluble Polymers in Advances in Chemistry. American Chemistry Society, Washington, DC, 1986.CrossRef
82.
go back to reference Y. Osada, K. Kajiwara, T. Tanaka, and H. Ishida: Gels Handbook, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2000. Y. Osada, K. Kajiwara, T. Tanaka, and H. Ishida: Gels Handbook, Elsevier, Amsterdam, 2000.
83.
go back to reference M.Y. Cao, J.W. O’Connor, and C.I. Chung: Proceedings of the 1992 Powder Metallurgy World Congress, APMI, San Francisco, Princeton, 16-21 June, 1992, pp. 85–98. M.Y. Cao, J.W. O’Connor, and C.I. Chung: Proceedings of the 1992 Powder Metallurgy World Congress, APMI, San Francisco, Princeton, 16-21 June, 1992, pp. 85–98.
84.
go back to reference M.Y. Anwar, P.F. Messer, B. Ellis, and H.A. Davies: Powder Metall., 1995, vol. 38, pp. 113-19. M.Y. Anwar, P.F. Messer, B. Ellis, and H.A. Davies: Powder Metall., 1995, vol. 38, pp. 113-19.
85.
go back to reference H.I. Bakan, Y. Jumadi, P.F. Messer, H.A. Davies, and B. Ellis: Powder Metall., 1998, 41, pp. 289-91. H.I. Bakan, Y. Jumadi, P.F. Messer, H.A. Davies, and B. Ellis: Powder Metall., 1998, 41, pp. 289-91.
86.
go back to reference G. Chen, G.A. Wen, P. Cao, N. Edmonds, and Y.M. Li: PIM Inter., 2012, 6, pp.83-88. G. Chen, G.A. Wen, P. Cao, N. Edmonds, and Y.M. Li: PIM Inter., 2012, 6, pp.83-88.
87.
go back to reference G. Chen, G.A. Wen, N. Edmonds, P. Cao, and Y.M.Li: Key Eng. Mater., 2012, 520, pp.173-80.CrossRef G. Chen, G.A. Wen, N. Edmonds, P. Cao, and Y.M.Li: Key Eng. Mater., 2012, 520, pp.173-80.CrossRef
88.
go back to reference A.T. Sidambe, I.A. Figueroa, H. Hamilton, and I. Todd: PIM Int., 2010, vol. 4(4), pp. 54-62. A.T. Sidambe, I.A. Figueroa, H. Hamilton, and I. Todd: PIM Int., 2010, vol. 4(4), pp. 54-62.
89.
go back to reference A.T. Sidambe, I.A. Figueroa, H.G.C. Hamilton, and I. Todd: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2012, vol. 212(7), pp. 1591-97.CrossRef A.T. Sidambe, I.A. Figueroa, H.G.C. Hamilton, and I. Todd: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2012, vol. 212(7), pp. 1591-97.CrossRef
90.
go back to reference K.F. Hens, D.M. Kupp, R.A. Alexander, and K.-H. Schofalvi: US Patent 5332537, 1992. K.F. Hens, D.M. Kupp, R.A. Alexander, and K.-H. Schofalvi: US Patent 5332537, 1992.
91.
go back to reference M. Takayama, M. Miyake, and Y. Ohyama: Binder for use in metal powder injection moulding and debinding method by the use of the same, WO 96/25261, 1996. M. Takayama, M. Miyake, and Y. Ohyama: Binder for use in metal powder injection moulding and debinding method by the use of the same, WO 96/25261, 1996.
92.
go back to reference X. Yang and R.J. Petcavich: US Patent 6008281, 1999. X. Yang and R.J. Petcavich: US Patent 6008281, 1999.
93.
go back to reference S.W. Shalaby, C.L. McCormick and G.B. Butler: Water-Soluble Polymers: Synthesis, Solution Properties and Applications, American Chemical Society, Washington D.C., 1991.CrossRef S.W. Shalaby, C.L. McCormick and G.B. Butler: Water-Soluble Polymers: Synthesis, Solution Properties and Applications, American Chemical Society, Washington D.C., 1991.CrossRef
94.
go back to reference A.J. Fanelli, R.D. Silvers, W.S. Frei, J.V. Burlew, and G.B. Marsh: Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 1989, vol. 72(10), pp. 1833-36.CrossRef A.J. Fanelli, R.D. Silvers, W.S. Frei, J.V. Burlew, and G.B. Marsh: Journal of the American Ceramic Society, 1989, vol. 72(10), pp. 1833-36.CrossRef
95.
96.
go back to reference J.E. Schuetz: Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 1986, vol. 65(12), pp. 1556-59. J.E. Schuetz: Am. Ceram. Soc. Bull., 1986, vol. 65(12), pp. 1556-59.
97.
go back to reference A.J. Fanelli, G.B. March, J.V. Burlew, C.P. Ballard, and W.S. Feri: US Patent 5,250,251, 1993. A.J. Fanelli, G.B. March, J.V. Burlew, C.P. Ballard, and W.S. Feri: US Patent 5,250,251, 1993.
98.
go back to reference A.J. Fanelli and R.D. Silvers: Process for injection molding ceramic composition employing an agaroid gell-forming material to add green strength a preform, US Patent 4,734,237, 1988. A.J. Fanelli and R.D. Silvers: Process for injection molding ceramic composition employing an agaroid gell-forming material to add green strength a preform, US Patent 4,734,237, 1988.
99.
go back to reference M. Behi: Stable aqueous iron based feedstock formulation for injection moulding, WO 02/09900, 2002. M. Behi: Stable aqueous iron based feedstock formulation for injection moulding, WO 02/09900, 2002.
100.
go back to reference M. Behi: Improvement of flow characteristics of metal feedstock for injected moulding, WO-02/45889, 2002. M. Behi: Improvement of flow characteristics of metal feedstock for injected moulding, WO-02/45889, 2002.
101.
go back to reference M. Behi: PhD Thesis, New Jersey Institute of Technology, New Jersey, 2001. M. Behi: PhD Thesis, New Jersey Institute of Technology, New Jersey, 2001.
102.
go back to reference K. Suzuki and T. Fukushima: US Patent 6171360, 2001. K. Suzuki and T. Fukushima: US Patent 6171360, 2001.
103.
go back to reference H. Tokura, K. Morobayashi, Y. Noro, and Y. Ishii: Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering, 2001, vol. 67, pp. 322-26.CrossRef H. Tokura, K. Morobayashi, Y. Noro, and Y. Ishii: Journal of the Japan Society for Precision Engineering, 2001, vol. 67, pp. 322-26.CrossRef
104.
105.
go back to reference MPR: Metal Powder Rep., 2006, vol. 61(10), pp. 22–27. MPR: Metal Powder Rep., 2006, vol. 61(10), pp. 22–27.
107.
go back to reference G. Schlieper: PIM Inter., 2009, 3(1), pp. 21-27. G. Schlieper: PIM Inter., 2009, 3(1), pp. 21-27.
108.
go back to reference M. Qian: Int. J. Powder Metall., 2010, vol. 46(5), pp. 29-44. M. Qian: Int. J. Powder Metall., 2010, vol. 46(5), pp. 29-44.
109.
go back to reference K. Ameyama, Y. Kaneko, H. Iwasaki, and M. Tokizane: Zairyo/Journal of the Society of Materials Science, 1990, vol. 39, pp. 120-25 (in Japanese).CrossRef K. Ameyama, Y. Kaneko, H. Iwasaki, and M. Tokizane: Zairyo/Journal of the Society of Materials Science, 1990, vol. 39, pp. 120-25 (in Japanese).CrossRef
110.
go back to reference T. Ieki, T. Katoh, A. Matsumoto, T. Masui, and K. Andoh: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 1997, vol. 44, pp. 448-52.CrossRef T. Ieki, T. Katoh, A. Matsumoto, T. Masui, and K. Andoh: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 1997, vol. 44, pp. 448-52.CrossRef
111.
go back to reference E. Nyberg, M. Miller, K. Simmons, and K.S. Weil: Mater. Sci. Eng., C, 2005, vol. 25(3), pp. 336-42.CrossRef E. Nyberg, M. Miller, K. Simmons, and K.S. Weil: Mater. Sci. Eng., C, 2005, vol. 25(3), pp. 336-42.CrossRef
112.
go back to reference S. Guo, H. Zhang, R. Zhang, X. He, M. Qin, and X. Qu: Beijing Keji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2007, vol. 29, pp. 721-24. S. Guo, H. Zhang, R. Zhang, X. He, M. Qin, and X. Qu: Beijing Keji Daxue Xuebao/Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing, 2007, vol. 29, pp. 721-24.
113.
go back to reference H. Miura, T. Takemasu, Y. Kuwano, Y. Itoh, and K. Sato: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 2006, vol. 53, pp. 815-20.CrossRef H. Miura, T. Takemasu, Y. Kuwano, Y. Itoh, and K. Sato: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 2006, vol. 53, pp. 815-20.CrossRef
114.
go back to reference O.M. Ferri, T. Ebel, and R. Bormann: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2009, vol. 504(1–2), pp. 107-13. O.M. Ferri, T. Ebel, and R. Bormann: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2009, vol. 504(1–2), pp. 107-13.
115.
go back to reference G.C. Obasi, O.M. Ferri, T. Ebel, and R. Bormann: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2010, vol. 527, pp. 3929-35.CrossRef G.C. Obasi, O.M. Ferri, T. Ebel, and R. Bormann: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2010, vol. 527, pp. 3929-35.CrossRef
116.
go back to reference O.M. Ferri, T. Ebel, and R. Bormann: Proceedings of the 139 th TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition, TMS, Seattle, WA, 14–18 February, 2010, vol. 3, pp. 170–76. O.M. Ferri, T. Ebel, and R. Bormann: Proceedings of the 139 th TMS Annual Meeting & Exhibition, TMS, Seattle, WA, 14–18 February, 2010, vol. 3, pp. 170–76.
117.
go back to reference Y. Itoh, T. Uematsu, K. Sato, H. Miura, and M. Niinomi: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 2006, vol. 53(9), pp. 750-54.CrossRef Y. Itoh, T. Uematsu, K. Sato, H. Miura, and M. Niinomi: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 2006, vol. 53(9), pp. 750-54.CrossRef
118.
go back to reference S. Terauchi, T. Teraoka, T. Shinkuma, and T. Sugimoto: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 2000, vol. 47(12), pp. 1283-87.CrossRef S. Terauchi, T. Teraoka, T. Shinkuma, and T. Sugimoto: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 2000, vol. 47(12), pp. 1283-87.CrossRef
119.
go back to reference Y.C. Kim, S. Lee, S. Ahn, and N.J. Kim: J. Mater. Sci., 2007, vol. 42, pp. 2048-53.CrossRef Y.C. Kim, S. Lee, S. Ahn, and N.J. Kim: J. Mater. Sci., 2007, vol. 42, pp. 2048-53.CrossRef
120.
go back to reference H. Zhang, X. He, X. Qu, and L. Zhao: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2009, vol. 526(1–2), pp. 31-37. H. Zhang, X. He, X. Qu, and L. Zhao: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2009, vol. 526(1–2), pp. 31-37.
121.
go back to reference R. Gerling, E. Aust, W. Limberg, M. Pfuff, and F.P. Schimansky: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2006, vol. 423(1–2), pp. 262-68. R. Gerling, E. Aust, W. Limberg, M. Pfuff, and F.P. Schimansky: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2006, vol. 423(1–2), pp. 262-68.
122.
go back to reference Y. Itoh, H. Miura, K. Sato, and M. Niinomi: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2007, vols. 534-536, pp. 357-60.CrossRef Y. Itoh, H. Miura, K. Sato, and M. Niinomi: Mater. Sci. Forum, 2007, vols. 534-536, pp. 357-60.CrossRef
123.
go back to reference T. Osada, H. Miura, Y. Itoh, M. Fujita, and N. Arimoto: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 2008, vol. 55(10), pp. 726-31.CrossRef T. Osada, H. Miura, Y. Itoh, M. Fujita, and N. Arimoto: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 2008, vol. 55(10), pp. 726-31.CrossRef
124.
go back to reference Y. Itoh, T. Uematsu, K. Sato, H. Miura, and M. Niinomi: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 2008, vol. 55, pp. 720-25.CrossRef Y. Itoh, T. Uematsu, K. Sato, H. Miura, and M. Niinomi: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 2008, vol. 55, pp. 720-25.CrossRef
125.
go back to reference Y. Xu, H. Nomura, M. Takita, and H. Toda: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 2001, vol. 48(4), pp. 316-21.CrossRef Y. Xu, H. Nomura, M. Takita, and H. Toda: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 2001, vol. 48(4), pp. 316-21.CrossRef
126.
go back to reference H. Kyogoku and S. Kumatsu: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 1999, vol. 46, pp. 1103-07.CrossRef H. Kyogoku and S. Kumatsu: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 1999, vol. 46, pp. 1103-07.CrossRef
127.
go back to reference M. Bram, A. Ahmad-Khanlou, A. Heckmann, B. Fuchs, H.P. Buchkremer, and D. Stöver: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2002, vol. 337(1-2), pp. 254-63.CrossRef M. Bram, A. Ahmad-Khanlou, A. Heckmann, B. Fuchs, H.P. Buchkremer, and D. Stöver: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2002, vol. 337(1-2), pp. 254-63.CrossRef
128.
go back to reference M. Köhl, T. Habijan, M. Bram, H.P. Buchkremer, D. Stöver, and M. Köller: Adv. Eng. Mater., 2009, vol. 11(12), pp. 959-68. M. Köhl, T. Habijan, M. Bram, H.P. Buchkremer, D. Stöver, and M. Köller: Adv. Eng. Mater., 2009, vol. 11(12), pp. 959-68.
129.
go back to reference L. Krone, J. Mentz, M. Bram, H.P. Buchkremer, D. Stöver, M. Wagner, G. Eggeler, D. Christ, S. Reese, D. Bogdanski, M. Köller, S.A. Esenwein, G. Muhr, O. Prymak, and M. Epple: Adv. Eng. Mater., 2005, vol. 7(7), pp. 613-19.CrossRef L. Krone, J. Mentz, M. Bram, H.P. Buchkremer, D. Stöver, M. Wagner, G. Eggeler, D. Christ, S. Reese, D. Bogdanski, M. Köller, S.A. Esenwein, G. Muhr, O. Prymak, and M. Epple: Adv. Eng. Mater., 2005, vol. 7(7), pp. 613-19.CrossRef
130.
go back to reference L. Krone, E. Schüller, M. Bram, O. Hamed, H.P. Buchkremer, and D. Stöver: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2004, vol. 378(1–2), pp. 185-90. L. Krone, E. Schüller, M. Bram, O. Hamed, H.P. Buchkremer, and D. Stöver: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2004, vol. 378(1–2), pp. 185-90.
131.
go back to reference J. Mentz, M. Bram, H.P. Buchkremer, and D. Stöver: Adv. Eng. Mater., 2006, vol. 8(4), pp. 247-52.CrossRef J. Mentz, M. Bram, H.P. Buchkremer, and D. Stöver: Adv. Eng. Mater., 2006, vol. 8(4), pp. 247-52.CrossRef
132.
go back to reference E. Schöller, L. Krone, M. Bram, H.P. Buchkremer, and D. Ståaver: J. Mater. Sci., 2005, vol. 40(16), pp. 4231-38.CrossRef E. Schöller, L. Krone, M. Bram, H.P. Buchkremer, and D. Ståaver: J. Mater. Sci., 2005, vol. 40(16), pp. 4231-38.CrossRef
133.
go back to reference H. Kyogoku, S. Komatsu, K. Shinohara, H. Jinushi, and T. Toda: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 1994, vol. 41, pp.1075-79.CrossRef H. Kyogoku, S. Komatsu, K. Shinohara, H. Jinushi, and T. Toda: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 1994, vol. 41, pp.1075-79.CrossRef
134.
go back to reference H. Kyogoku, S. Komatsu, I. Tsuchitori, and T. Toda: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 1995, vol. 42(9), pp. 1052-56.CrossRef H. Kyogoku, S. Komatsu, I. Tsuchitori, and T. Toda: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 1995, vol. 42(9), pp. 1052-56.CrossRef
135.
go back to reference Y. Itoh, T. Uematsu, K. Sato, H. Miura, M. Niinomi, and M. Ikeda: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 2006, vol. 53, pp. 821-26.CrossRef Y. Itoh, T. Uematsu, K. Sato, H. Miura, M. Niinomi, and M. Ikeda: J. Jpn. Soc. Powder Metall., 2006, vol. 53, pp. 821-26.CrossRef
136.
go back to reference N.E. Kamber, Y. Tsujii, K. Keets, R.M. Waymouth, R.C. Pratt, G.W. Nyce, and J.L. Hedrick: Journal of Chemical Education, 2010, vol. 87(5), pp. 519-21.CrossRef N.E. Kamber, Y. Tsujii, K. Keets, R.M. Waymouth, R.C. Pratt, G.W. Nyce, and J.L. Hedrick: Journal of Chemical Education, 2010, vol. 87(5), pp. 519-21.CrossRef
137.
go back to reference H. Hamilton: Method, WO/2011/045601 A1, 2011. H. Hamilton: Method, WO/2011/045601 A1, 2011.
Metadata
Title
Development and Design of Binder Systems for Titanium Metal Injection Molding: An Overview
Authors
Guian Wen
Peng Cao
Brian Gabbitas
Deliang Zhang
Neil Edmonds
Publication date
01-03-2013
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A / Issue 3/2013
Print ISSN: 1073-5623
Electronic ISSN: 1543-1940
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11661-012-1485-x

Other articles of this Issue 3/2013

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions A 3/2013 Go to the issue

Symposium: Environmental Damage in Structural Materials under Static/Dynamic Loads at Ambient Temperature

Fatigue Crack Growth under High Pressure of Gaseous Hydrogen in a 15-5PH Martensitic Stainless Steel: Influence of Pressure and Loading Frequency

Symposium: Environmental Damage in Structural Materials under Static/Dynamic Loads at Ambient Temperature

Water Penetration—Its Effect on the Strength and Toughness of Silica Glass

Premium Partners