Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 2/2020

10-02-2020

Effect of Electropulsing on Microstructure and Properties of Severely Plastically Deformed Pure Copper Sheet

Authors: Jie Zhu, Shan Liu, Yao Lin, Guangchun Wang

Published in: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance | Issue 2/2020

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The plasticity of a material generally decreases after grain refinement by severe plastic deformation (SPD). In this paper, an energy-efficient electropulsing method is introduced to improve the plasticity of materials formed by the repetitive roll-bending and straightening (RRBS) process. The influence of the current density, frequency, pulse width and duration on the microstructure and properties of copper sheets that underwent SPD was experimentally investigated. The experimental results show that electropulsing reduced the hardness of the material, improved the plasticity and refined the grains. After the electropulsing treatment, the maximum elongation of the pure copper sheet that underwent a 20-pass RRBS process increased from 3.70 to 24.45%, and the average grain size was refined from 60 to 41 μm. The electropulsing parameters, such as the current density and frequency, instantaneously changed the incoming current intensity into the samples and had a significant influence on the microstructure and properties of the materials. The thermal effect and the athermal effect impacted the dynamics and thermodynamics of the materials, which promoted the movement of dislocations, causing significant changes in the microstructure and properties of the material in a short time.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference R. Valiev, Nanostructuring of Metals by Severe Plastic Deformation for Advanced Properties, Nat. Mater., 2004, 3(8), p 511–516CrossRef R. Valiev, Nanostructuring of Metals by Severe Plastic Deformation for Advanced Properties, Nat. Mater., 2004, 3(8), p 511–516CrossRef
2.
go back to reference M.A. Meyers, A. Mishra, and D.J. Benson, Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline Materials, Prog. Mater Sci., 2006, 51(4), p 427–556CrossRef M.A. Meyers, A. Mishra, and D.J. Benson, Mechanical Properties of Nanocrystalline Materials, Prog. Mater Sci., 2006, 51(4), p 427–556CrossRef
3.
go back to reference R.Z. Valiev, I.V. Alexandrov, Y.T. Zhu, and T.C. Lowe, Paradox of Strength and Ductility in Metals Processed Bysevere Plastic Deformation, J. Mater. Res., 2002, 17(01), p 5–8CrossRef R.Z. Valiev, I.V. Alexandrov, Y.T. Zhu, and T.C. Lowe, Paradox of Strength and Ductility in Metals Processed Bysevere Plastic Deformation, J. Mater. Res., 2002, 17(01), p 5–8CrossRef
4.
go back to reference C. Koch, Optimization of Strength and Ductility in Nanocrystalline and Ultrafine Grained Metals, Scr. Mater., 2003, 49(7), p 657–662CrossRef C. Koch, Optimization of Strength and Ductility in Nanocrystalline and Ultrafine Grained Metals, Scr. Mater., 2003, 49(7), p 657–662CrossRef
5.
go back to reference C. Liang and K. Lin, The Microstructure and Property Variations of Metals Induced by Electric Current Treatment: A Review, Mater. Charact., 2018, 145, p 545–555CrossRef C. Liang and K. Lin, The Microstructure and Property Variations of Metals Induced by Electric Current Treatment: A Review, Mater. Charact., 2018, 145, p 545–555CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Z. Zimniak and G. Radkiewicz, The Electroplastic Effect in the Cold-Drawing of Copper Wires for the Automotive Industry, Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng., 2008, 8(2), p 173–179CrossRef Z. Zimniak and G. Radkiewicz, The Electroplastic Effect in the Cold-Drawing of Copper Wires for the Automotive Industry, Arch. Civ. Mech. Eng., 2008, 8(2), p 173–179CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Z. Xu, G. Tang, S. Tian, and J. He, Research on the Engineering Application of Multiple Pulses Treatment for Recrystallization of Fine Copper Wire, Mat. Sci. Eng. A., 2006, 424(1-2), p 300–306CrossRef Z. Xu, G. Tang, S. Tian, and J. He, Research on the Engineering Application of Multiple Pulses Treatment for Recrystallization of Fine Copper Wire, Mat. Sci. Eng. A., 2006, 424(1-2), p 300–306CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Z. Xu, G. Tang, S. Tian, F. Ding, and H. Tian, Research of Electroplastic Rolling of AZ31 Mg Alloy Strip, J. Mater. Process. Tech., 2007, 182(1-3), p 128–133CrossRef Z. Xu, G. Tang, S. Tian, F. Ding, and H. Tian, Research of Electroplastic Rolling of AZ31 Mg Alloy Strip, J. Mater. Process. Tech., 2007, 182(1-3), p 128–133CrossRef
9.
go back to reference O.S. Mazitov and S.V. Lebediev, The Influence of Electrical Current Pulses on the Plastic Deformation of Copper, Fizika., 2016, 25, p 12–15 O.S. Mazitov and S.V. Lebediev, The Influence of Electrical Current Pulses on the Plastic Deformation of Copper, Fizika., 2016, 25, p 12–15
10.
go back to reference Y.H. Liao, C.L. Liang, K.L. Lin, and A.T. Wu, High Dislocation Density of Tin Induced by Electric Current, AIP Adv., 2015, 5(12), p 127210CrossRef Y.H. Liao, C.L. Liang, K.L. Lin, and A.T. Wu, High Dislocation Density of Tin Induced by Electric Current, AIP Adv., 2015, 5(12), p 127210CrossRef
11.
go back to reference J.D. Guo, X.L. Wang, and W.B. Dai, Microstructure Evolution in Metals Induced by High Density Electric Current Pulses, Mater Sci Tech. Lond., 2015, 31(13a), p 1545–1554CrossRef J.D. Guo, X.L. Wang, and W.B. Dai, Microstructure Evolution in Metals Induced by High Density Electric Current Pulses, Mater Sci Tech. Lond., 2015, 31(13a), p 1545–1554CrossRef
12.
go back to reference P. Liang and K. Lin, Non-deformation Recrystallization of Metal with Electric Current Stressing, J. Alloy. Compd., 2017, 722, p 690–697CrossRef P. Liang and K. Lin, Non-deformation Recrystallization of Metal with Electric Current Stressing, J. Alloy. Compd., 2017, 722, p 690–697CrossRef
13.
go back to reference R.F. Zhu, J.N. Liu, G.Y. Tang, S.Q. Shi, and M.W. Fu, Properties, Microstructure and Texture Evolution of cold Rolled Cu Strips Under Electropulsing Treatment, J. Alloy. Compd., 2012, 544(24), p 203–208CrossRef R.F. Zhu, J.N. Liu, G.Y. Tang, S.Q. Shi, and M.W. Fu, Properties, Microstructure and Texture Evolution of cold Rolled Cu Strips Under Electropulsing Treatment, J. Alloy. Compd., 2012, 544(24), p 203–208CrossRef
14.
go back to reference R.F. Zhu, J.N. Liu, G.Y. Tang, S.Q. Shi, M.W. Fu, and Z.T.H. Tse, The Improved Superelasticity of NiTi Alloy Via Electropulsing Treatment for Minutes, J. Alloy. Compd., 2014, 584, p 225–231CrossRef R.F. Zhu, J.N. Liu, G.Y. Tang, S.Q. Shi, M.W. Fu, and Z.T.H. Tse, The Improved Superelasticity of NiTi Alloy Via Electropulsing Treatment for Minutes, J. Alloy. Compd., 2014, 584, p 225–231CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Y. Zhou, S. Xiao, and J. Guo, Recrystallized Microstructure in Cold Worked Brass Produced by Electropulsing Treatment, Mater. Lett., 2004, 58(12-13), p 1948–1951CrossRef Y. Zhou, S. Xiao, and J. Guo, Recrystallized Microstructure in Cold Worked Brass Produced by Electropulsing Treatment, Mater. Lett., 2004, 58(12-13), p 1948–1951CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Y. Zhou, W. Zhang, B. Wang, and J. Guo, Ultrafine-Grained Microstructure in a Cu-Zn Alloy Produced by Electropulsing Treatment, J. Mater. Res., 2003, 18(08), p 1991–1997CrossRef Y. Zhou, W. Zhang, B. Wang, and J. Guo, Ultrafine-Grained Microstructure in a Cu-Zn Alloy Produced by Electropulsing Treatment, J. Mater. Res., 2003, 18(08), p 1991–1997CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Y.H. Zhu, S. To, W.B. Lee, X.M. Liu, Y.B. Jiang, and G.Y. Tang, Effects of Dynamic Electropulsing on Microstructure and Elongation of a Zn-Al Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2009, 501(1-2), p 125–132CrossRef Y.H. Zhu, S. To, W.B. Lee, X.M. Liu, Y.B. Jiang, and G.Y. Tang, Effects of Dynamic Electropulsing on Microstructure and Elongation of a Zn-Al Alloy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2009, 501(1-2), p 125–132CrossRef
18.
go back to reference D. Fabrègue, B. Mouawad, and C.R. Hutchinson, Enhanced Recovery and Recrystallization of Metals Due to an Applied Current, Scr. Mater., 2014, 92, p 3–6CrossRef D. Fabrègue, B. Mouawad, and C.R. Hutchinson, Enhanced Recovery and Recrystallization of Metals Due to an Applied Current, Scr. Mater., 2014, 92, p 3–6CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Z.S. Xu and Y.X. Chen, Effect of Electric Current on the Recrystallization Behavior of Cold Worked α-Ti, Scr. Mater., 1988, 22(2), p 187–190 Z.S. Xu and Y.X. Chen, Effect of Electric Current on the Recrystallization Behavior of Cold Worked α-Ti, Scr. Mater., 1988, 22(2), p 187–190
20.
go back to reference M. Kim, K. Lee, K.H. Oh, I. Choi, H. Yu, S. Hong, and H.N. Han, Electric Current-Induced Annealing During Uniaxial Tension of Aluminum Alloy, Scr. Mater., 2014, 75, p 58–61CrossRef M. Kim, K. Lee, K.H. Oh, I. Choi, H. Yu, S. Hong, and H.N. Han, Electric Current-Induced Annealing During Uniaxial Tension of Aluminum Alloy, Scr. Mater., 2014, 75, p 58–61CrossRef
21.
go back to reference S.W. Chen and C.M. Chen, Electromigration Effect Upon the Sn/Ag and Sn/Ni Interfacial Reactions at Various Temperatures, Acta Mater., 2002, 50(9), p 2461–2469CrossRef S.W. Chen and C.M. Chen, Electromigration Effect Upon the Sn/Ag and Sn/Ni Interfacial Reactions at Various Temperatures, Acta Mater., 2002, 50(9), p 2461–2469CrossRef
22.
go back to reference S.W. Chen, C.M. Chen, and W.C. Liu, Electric Current Effects Upon the Sn/Cu and Sn/Ni Interfacial Reactions, J. Electron. Mater., 1998, 27(11), p 1193–1199CrossRef S.W. Chen, C.M. Chen, and W.C. Liu, Electric Current Effects Upon the Sn/Cu and Sn/Ni Interfacial Reactions, J. Electron. Mater., 1998, 27(11), p 1193–1199CrossRef
23.
go back to reference C.M. Chen and S.W. Chen, Electromigration Effect Upon the Zn/Ni and Bi/Ni Interfacial Reactions, J. Electron. Mater., 2000, 29(10), p 1222–1228CrossRef C.M. Chen and S.W. Chen, Electromigration Effect Upon the Zn/Ni and Bi/Ni Interfacial Reactions, J. Electron. Mater., 2000, 29(10), p 1222–1228CrossRef
24.
go back to reference R. Zhu, Y. Jiang, L. Guan, H. Li, and G. Tang, Difference in Recrystallization Between Electropulsing-Treated and Furnace-Treated NiTi Alloy, J. Alloy. Compd., 2016, 658, p 548–554CrossRef R. Zhu, Y. Jiang, L. Guan, H. Li, and G. Tang, Difference in Recrystallization Between Electropulsing-Treated and Furnace-Treated NiTi Alloy, J. Alloy. Compd., 2016, 658, p 548–554CrossRef
25.
go back to reference G. Hu, Y. Zhu, G. Tang, C. Shek, and J. Liu, Effect of Electropulsing on Recrystallization and Mechanical Properties of Silicon Steel Strips, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2011, 27(11), p 1034–1038CrossRef G. Hu, Y. Zhu, G. Tang, C. Shek, and J. Liu, Effect of Electropulsing on Recrystallization and Mechanical Properties of Silicon Steel Strips, J. Mater. Sci. Technol., 2011, 27(11), p 1034–1038CrossRef
26.
go back to reference J. Park, H. Jeong, S. Jin, M. Kim, K. Lee, J.J. Kim, S. Hong, and H.N. Han, Effect of Electric Current on Recrystallization Kinetics in Interstitial Free steel and AZ31 Magnesium Alloy, Mater. Charact., 2017, 133, p 70–76CrossRef J. Park, H. Jeong, S. Jin, M. Kim, K. Lee, J.J. Kim, S. Hong, and H.N. Han, Effect of Electric Current on Recrystallization Kinetics in Interstitial Free steel and AZ31 Magnesium Alloy, Mater. Charact., 2017, 133, p 70–76CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Y. Liu, J. Fan, H. Zhang, W. Jin, H. Dong, and B. Xu, Recrystallization and Microstructure Evolution of the Rolled Mg-3Al-1Zn Alloy Strips Under Electropulsing Treatment, J. Alloy. Compd., 2015, 622, p 229–235CrossRef Y. Liu, J. Fan, H. Zhang, W. Jin, H. Dong, and B. Xu, Recrystallization and Microstructure Evolution of the Rolled Mg-3Al-1Zn Alloy Strips Under Electropulsing Treatment, J. Alloy. Compd., 2015, 622, p 229–235CrossRef
28.
go back to reference K. Huang, C. Cayron, and R.E. Logé, The Surprising Influence of Continuous Alternating Electric Current on Recrystallization Behaviour of a Cold-Rolled Aluminium Alloy, Mater. Charact., 2017, 129, p 121–126CrossRef K. Huang, C. Cayron, and R.E. Logé, The Surprising Influence of Continuous Alternating Electric Current on Recrystallization Behaviour of a Cold-Rolled Aluminium Alloy, Mater. Charact., 2017, 129, p 121–126CrossRef
29.
go back to reference J. Zhu and G.C. Wang, Grain Refinement and Its Microstructure in Repetitive Roll Bending and Straightening of Copper Sheets, Mater. Res. Express., 2019, 6(7), p 076540CrossRef J. Zhu and G.C. Wang, Grain Refinement and Its Microstructure in Repetitive Roll Bending and Straightening of Copper Sheets, Mater. Res. Express., 2019, 6(7), p 076540CrossRef
30.
go back to reference O.A. Troitskii, Pressure Shaping by the Application of a High Energy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 1985, 75(1-2), p 37–50CrossRef O.A. Troitskii, Pressure Shaping by the Application of a High Energy, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 1985, 75(1-2), p 37–50CrossRef
31.
go back to reference T.A. Perkins, T.J. Kronenberger, and J.T. Roth, Metallic Forging Using Electrical Flow as an Alternative to Warm/Hot Working, J Manuf Sci E., 2007, 129(1), p 84–94CrossRef T.A. Perkins, T.J. Kronenberger, and J.T. Roth, Metallic Forging Using Electrical Flow as an Alternative to Warm/Hot Working, J Manuf Sci E., 2007, 129(1), p 84–94CrossRef
32.
go back to reference C.D. Ross, D.B. Irvin, and J.T. Roth, Manufacturing Aspects Relating to the Effects of Direct Current on the Tensile Properties of Metals, J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 2007, 129(2), p 342–347CrossRef C.D. Ross, D.B. Irvin, and J.T. Roth, Manufacturing Aspects Relating to the Effects of Direct Current on the Tensile Properties of Metals, J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 2007, 129(2), p 342–347CrossRef
33.
go back to reference J. Magargee, F. Morestin, and J. Cao, Characterization of Flow Stress for Commercially Pure Titanium Subjected to Electrically Assisted Deformation, J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 2013, 135(4), p 041003CrossRef J. Magargee, F. Morestin, and J. Cao, Characterization of Flow Stress for Commercially Pure Titanium Subjected to Electrically Assisted Deformation, J. Eng. Mater. Technol., 2013, 135(4), p 041003CrossRef
34.
go back to reference X. Wang, J. Xu, Z. Jiang, W. Zhu, D. Shan, B. Guo, and J. Cao, Size Effects on Flow Stress Behavior During Electrically-Assisted Micro-Tension in a Magnesium Alloy AZ31, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2016, 659, p 215–224CrossRef X. Wang, J. Xu, Z. Jiang, W. Zhu, D. Shan, B. Guo, and J. Cao, Size Effects on Flow Stress Behavior During Electrically-Assisted Micro-Tension in a Magnesium Alloy AZ31, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2016, 659, p 215–224CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Y. Zhou, R. Qin, S. Xiao, G. He, and B. Zhou, Reversing Effect of Electropulsing on damage of 1045 Steel, J. Mater. Res., 2000, 15(05), p 1056–1061CrossRef Y. Zhou, R. Qin, S. Xiao, G. He, and B. Zhou, Reversing Effect of Electropulsing on damage of 1045 Steel, J. Mater. Res., 2000, 15(05), p 1056–1061CrossRef
36.
go back to reference D.W. Tang, B.L. Zhou, H. Cao, and G.H. He, Thermal Stress Relaxation Behavior in Thin Films Under Transient Laser-Pulse Heating, J. Appl. Phys., 1993, 73(8), p 3749CrossRef D.W. Tang, B.L. Zhou, H. Cao, and G.H. He, Thermal Stress Relaxation Behavior in Thin Films Under Transient Laser-Pulse Heating, J. Appl. Phys., 1993, 73(8), p 3749CrossRef
37.
go back to reference H. Conrad, A.F. Sprecher, W.D. Cao, and X.P. Lu, Electroplasticity—The Effect of Electricity on the Mechanical Properties of Metals, JOM, 1990, 42(9), p 28–33CrossRef H. Conrad, A.F. Sprecher, W.D. Cao, and X.P. Lu, Electroplasticity—The Effect of Electricity on the Mechanical Properties of Metals, JOM, 1990, 42(9), p 28–33CrossRef
38.
go back to reference H. Conrad, Effects of Electric Current on Solid State Phase Transformations in Metals, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2000, 287(2), p 227–237CrossRef H. Conrad, Effects of Electric Current on Solid State Phase Transformations in Metals, Mater. Sci. Eng. A., 2000, 287(2), p 227–237CrossRef
39.
go back to reference D. Gupta, Diffusion Processes in Advanced Technological Materials, William Andrew Press, New York, 2005, p 12CrossRef D. Gupta, Diffusion Processes in Advanced Technological Materials, William Andrew Press, New York, 2005, p 12CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Y. Zhou, J. Guo, W. Zhang, and G. He, Influence of Electropulsing on Nucleation During Phase Transformation, J. Mater. Res., 2002, 17(12), p 3012–3014CrossRef Y. Zhou, J. Guo, W. Zhang, and G. He, Influence of Electropulsing on Nucleation During Phase Transformation, J. Mater. Res., 2002, 17(12), p 3012–3014CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Effect of Electropulsing on Microstructure and Properties of Severely Plastically Deformed Pure Copper Sheet
Authors
Jie Zhu
Shan Liu
Yao Lin
Guangchun Wang
Publication date
10-02-2020
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance / Issue 2/2020
Print ISSN: 1059-9495
Electronic ISSN: 1544-1024
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-020-04642-y

Other articles of this Issue 2/2020

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 2/2020 Go to the issue

Premium Partners