Top

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management

Published in:

18-02-2023 | REVIEW

Effective and innovative procedures to use phosphogypsum waste in different application domains: review of the environmental, economic challenges and life cycle assessment

Authors: Brahim Bouargane, Khaoula Laaboubi, Mohamed Ghali Biyoune, Bahcine Bakiz, Ali Atbir

Published in: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management | Issue 3/2023

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

Phosphogypsum (PG) waste is a by-product generated from wet-process phosphoric acid (H₃PO₄) manufacturing during phosphate rock decomposition. Worldwide, the annual production of PG ranges between 100 and 300 million tons, with only a few quantities utilized in several application domains (about 15%), the unused PG is usually discharged into the sea or stocked in large stockpiles with potential serious human and environmental risks. Therefore, in this review article, we have studied and discussed the possible alternative ways for PG waste recycling and use. Indeed, this waste material could be considered as a mineral resource of secondary raw materials within the scope of a circular economy. An inclusive bibliographic search, dealing with our review’s objectives, was performed according to the two famous-databases: Web of Sciences and Scopus. After different selecting processes, about 153 articles are found. PG is used in several sectors, including agriculture, as well as in the brick and cement industry, and road construction. Other applications are reported in this study such as PG conversion to valuable products and rare earths elements (REEs) extraction. In the same context and in the sense of reducing greenhouse gasses emissions (GHGs), PG is often used as a calcium source for CO₂ mineral sequestration. In addition, different methods of treatment and purification, techno-economic, life cycle and environmental assessment of the PG recycling, and valorization technologies are summarized and reported in this review. Finally, recent technologies used for extracting REEs from PG were investigated. The main results, conclusions, and recommendations reported here could considered as a guide for future studies, and also should be of benefit to scientists, chemists and engineers interested in the utilization/ treatment of PG.

Graphical Abstract

previous article Challenges of textile waste composite products and its prospects of recycling

next article Global variability of food waste chemical composition and its consequences on the production of biofuels and chemical compounds

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Amaterz E, Tara A, Bouddouch A et al (2020) Photo-electrochemical degradation of wastewaters containing organics catalysed by phosphate-based materials: a review. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-020-09547-9CrossRef

Plassard, Robin, Cadre L, et al (2015) Améliorer la biodisponibilité du phosphore: comment valoriser les compétences des plantes et les mécanismes biologiques du sol ? Innov Agron 43:115–138. Available at: https://agritrop.cirad.fr/579393/1/Plassard%20et%20al_2015.pdf

Smol M (2019) The importance of sustainable phosphorus management in the circular economy (CE) model: the Polish case study. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 21:227–238. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-018-0794-6CrossRef

Castillon P (2005) Le phosphore : sources, flux et rôles pour la production végétale et l’eutrophisation. INRA Prod Anim 18:153–158. Available at: https://hal.inrae.fr/hal-02680756

Cooper J, Lombardi R, Boardman D, Carliell-Marquet C (2011) The future distribution and production of global phosphate rock reserves. Resour Conserv Recycl 57:78–86. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2011.09.009CrossRef

Salo M, Mäkinen J, Yang J et al (2018) Continuous biological sulfate reduction from phosphogypsum waste leachate. Hydrometallurgy 180:1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2018.06.020CrossRef

Koopman C, Witkamp GJ (2002) Ion exchange extraction during continuous recrystallization of CaSO₄ in the phosphoric acid production process: Lanthanide extraction efficiency and CaSO₄ particle shape. Hydrometallurgy 63:137–147. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0304-386X(01)00219-5CrossRef

Wang L, Long Z, Huang X et al (2010) Recovery of rare earths from wet-process phosphoric acid. Hydrometallurgy 101:41–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2009.11.017CrossRef

Xue S, Li M, Jiang J et al (2019) Phosphogypsum stabilization of bauxite residue: conversion of its alkaline characteristics. J Environ Sci (China) 77:1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jes.2018.05.016CrossRef

10.

Kazragis A (2010) High-temperature decontamination and utilization of phosphogypsum. J Environ Engin and Land Manag 12(4):138–145. https://doi.org/10.3846/16486897.2004.9636835CrossRef

11.

Kurkinen S, Virolainen S, Sainio T (2021) Recovery of rare earth elements from phosphogypsum waste in resin-in-leach process by eluting with biodegradable complexing agents. Hydrometallurgy 201:105569. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2021.105569CrossRef

12.

Lassad A, Hayet SF, Mongi BENO (2008) Utilisation du phosphogypse dans la fabrication des briques cuites. Matériaux Sols Struct 49–51. Available at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313474101

13.

CE (2006) Grands volumes de produits chimique inorganiques ammoniac, acides et engrais. (Version française). Doc référence sur les meilleures Tech Dispon

14.

Gijbels K, Nguyen H, Kinnunen P et al (2019) Feasibility of incorporating phosphogypsum in ettringite-based binder from ladle slag. J Clean Prod. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.117793CrossRef

15.

Mattila HP, Zevenhoven R (2015) Mineral carbonation of phosphogypsum waste for production of useful carbonate and sulfate salts. Front Energy Res 3:1–8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenrg.2015.00048CrossRef

16.

Choura M, Maalouf F, Keskes M, Cherif F (2012) Sulphur matrix from phosphogypsum: a sustainable route to waste valorization. Benef Phosphates New Thought, New Technol New Dev 297–302

17.

Macías F, Pérez-López R, Cánovas CR et al (2017) Environmental assessment and management of phosphogypsum according to European and United States of America regulations. Procedia Earth Planet Sci 17:666–669. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeps.2016.12.178CrossRef

18.

Liu D, Wang C, Mei X, Zhang C (2019) An effective treatment method for phosphogypsum. Environ Sci Pollut Res 26:30533–30539. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-06113-xCrossRef

19.

Torres-Sánchez R, Sánchez-Rodas D, de la Campa AMS et al (2019) Geochemistry and source contribution of fugitive phosphogypsum particles in Huelva, (SW Spain). Atmos Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosres.2019.104650CrossRef

20.

Binnemans K, Tom P, Blanpain B, Van GT (2015) Towards zero-waste valorisation of rare-earth-containing industrial process residues : a critical review. J Clean Prod 99:17–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.02.089CrossRef

21.

Virolainen S, Repo E, Sainio T (2019) Recovering rare earth elements from phosphogypsum using a resin-in-leach process: selection of resin, leaching agent, and eluent. Hydrometallurgy 189:105125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.105125CrossRef

22.

Akin Altun I, Sert Y (2004) Utilization of weathered phosphogypsum as set retarder in Portland cement. Cem Concr Res 34:677–680. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2003.10.017CrossRef

23.

Contreras M, Pérez-López R, Gázquez MJ et al (2014) Fractionation and fluxes of metals and radionuclides during the recycling process of phosphogypsum wastes applied to mineral CO₂ sequestration. Waste Manag 45:412–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2015.06.046CrossRef

24.

Fuleihan NF (2012) Phosphogypsum disposal - The Pros & Cons of wet versus dry stacking. Procedia Eng 46:195–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proeng.2012.09.465CrossRef

25.

Kuryatnyk T, Angulski da Luz C, Ambroise J, Pera J (2008) Valorization of phosphogypsum as hydraulic binder. J Hazard Mater 160:681–687. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2008.03.014CrossRef

26.

Mymrin V, Aibuldinov EK, Avanci MA et al (2021) Material cycle realization by hazardous phosphogypsum waste, ferrous slag, and lime production waste application to produce sustainable construction materials. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 23:591–603. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-020-01147-7CrossRef

27.

Rutherford PM, Dudas MJ, Arocena JM (1996) Heterogeneous distribution of radionuclides, barium and strontium in phosphogypsum by-product. Sci Total Environ 180:201–209. https://doi.org/10.1016/0048-9697(95)04939-8CrossRef

28.

Bchitou R, Hamad M, Lacout JL, Ferhat M (1998) Effets du cadmium sur la formation du phosphogypse lors de la production de l’acide phosphorique. Phosphor Sulfur Silicon Relat Elem 139:147–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426509808035684CrossRef

29.

Burnett WC, Elzerman AW (2001) Nuclide migration and the environmental radiochemistry of Florida phosphogypsum. J Environ Radioact 54:27–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0265-931X(00)00164-8CrossRef

30.

Zairi M, Rouis MJ (1999) Impacts environnementaux du stockage du phosphogypse à Sfax (Tunisie). Bull des ponts chaussées 29–40

31.

Zairi M, Rouis MJ (1999) Impacts environnementaux du stockage du phosphogypse à Sfax (Tunisie). Bull des Lab des ponts chaussées 219:29–40

32.

Haounati R, Ouachtak H, El Haouti R et al (2021) Elaboration and properties of a new SDS/CTAB@Montmorillonite organoclay composite as a superb adsorbent for the removal of malachite green from aqueous solutions. Sep Purif Technol 255:117335. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seppur.2020.117335CrossRef

33.

Yang J, Ma L, Liu H et al (2020) Chemical behavior of fluorine and phosphorus in chemical looping gasification using phosphogypsum as an oxygen carrier. Chemosphere 248:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.125979CrossRef

34.

Hanna AA, Akarish AIM, Ahmed SM (1999) Phosphogypsum: part i- mineralogical, thermogravimetric, chemical and infrared characterization.pdf. J Mater Sci Technol 15:431–434

35.

S. Al-Hwaiti M, AL-Khashman OA, Al-Shaweesh M, Almohtasib AH (2019) Potentially utiliations of Jordan Phosphogypqum: A review. Int J Curr Res 11:3258–3262. https://doi.org/10.24941/ijcr.35160.04.2019

36.

Ennaciri Y, Bettach M (2018) Procedure to convert phosphogypsum waste into valuable products. Mater Manuf Process 33:1727–1733. https://doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2018.1476763CrossRef

37.

Diop MB, Boiro A, Jauberthie R, Bouguerra A (2008) Traitement à la chaux des tufs volcaniques du Sénégal oriental. Activation de la réaction pouzzolanique par du phosphogypse. Déchets Sci Tech https://doi.org/10.4267/dechets-sciences-techniques

38.

Kuzmanović P, Todorović N, Forkapić S et al (2020) Radiological characterization of phosphogypsum produced in Serbia. Radiat Phys Chem. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.radphyschem.2019.108463CrossRef

39.

Al-Masri MS, Amin Y, Ibrahim S, Al-Bich F (2004) Distribution of some trace metals in Syrian phosphogypsum. Appl Geochem 19:747–753. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2003.09.014CrossRef

40.

Moncer A, Jamaa N Ben, Bagane M, et al (2016) Etude de la fabrication de ciment à partir du phosphogypse. Int J Sci Res Eng Technol 102–106

41.

Dvorkin L, Lushnikova N, Sonebi M (2018) Application areas of phosphogypsum in production of mineral binders and composites based on them: A review of research results. MATEC Web Conf 149:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201714901012CrossRef

42.

Abdelrahman Magd, Saboori A (2012) Waste Materials in Construction, Utilization of. Meyers RA Encycl Sustain Sci Technol Springer, New York, NY 11699–11708. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-0851-3

43.

Shternina EB (1960) Solubility of gypsum in aqueous solutions of salts. Int Geol Rev 2:605–616. https://doi.org/10.1080/00206816009473496CrossRef

44.

Marrouche A, Bouargane B, Mabrouk A, et al (2019) Solubility in the ternary system MgCl₂-FeCl₂-H₂O at 288 K by conductance method. Mediterr J Chem 8:10. https://doi.org/10.13171/mjc811902523am

45.

Aagli A, Tamer N, Atbir A et al (2005) Conversion of phosphogypsum to potassium sulfate: Part I. The effect of temperature on the solubility of calcium sulfate in concentrated aqueous chloride solutions. J Therm Anal Calorim 82:395–399. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10973-005-0908-yCrossRef

46.

Bounaga A, Alsanea A, Lyamlouli K et al (2022) Microbial transformations by sulfur bacteria can recover value from phosphogypsum: A global problem and a possible solution. Biotechnol Adv 57:107949. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2022.107949CrossRef

47.

Biyoune MG, Bouargane B, Idboufrade A et al (2021) New procedure for water-salinity reduction using Phosphogypsum waste and carbon dioxide resulting in useful compounds formation. Nanotechnol Environ Eng 6:1–18. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41204-021-00125-0CrossRef

48.

Moreira RH, Queiroga FS, Paiva HA et al (2018) Extraction of natural radionuclides in TENORM waste phosphogypsum. J Environ Chem Eng 6:6664–6668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jece.2018.10.019CrossRef

49.

Li S, Malik M, Azimi G (2022) Leaching of Rare Earth Elements from Phosphogypsum Using Mineral Acids. In: Lazou A, Daehn K, Fleuriault C et al (eds) BT - REWAS 2022: Developing Tomorrow’s Technical Cycles. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp 267–274CrossRef

50.

Papanicolaou F, Antoniou S, Pashalidis I (2009) Experimental and theoretical studies on physico-chemical parameters affecting the solubility of phosphogypsum. J Environ Radioact 100:854–857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvrad.2009.06.012CrossRef

51.

Baruah MK, Gogoi PC, Kotoky P (2000) Sulphate behaviour from dissolution of gypsum in organic acids. Fuel 79:211–216. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-2361(99)00140-4CrossRef

52.

Vershkova YA, Tareeva OA, Ivlev KG, Lokshin EP (2003) Solubility of calcium sulfate dihydrate in nitric acid at 20°C. Russ J Appl Chem 76:156–157. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1023380925093CrossRef

53.

Li Z, Demopoulos GP (2005) Solubility of CaSO₄ phases in aqueous HCl + CaCl₂ solutions from 283 K to 353 K. J Chem Eng Data 50:1971–1982. https://doi.org/10.1021/je050217eCrossRef

54.

Hammas I, Horchani-Naifer K, Férid M (2013) Solubility study and valorization of phosphogypsum salt solution. Int J Miner Process 123:87–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2013.05.008CrossRef

55.

Yang M (2011) Solubility of phosphogypsum in pure water and lime solution. Adv Mater Res 250–253:131–135. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.250-253.131CrossRef

56.

Kandil A-HT, Cheira MF, Gado HS et al (2017) Ammonium sulfate preparation from phosphogypsum waste. J Radiat Res Appl Sci 10:24–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrras.2016.11.001CrossRef

57.

Alcordo IS, Rechcigl JE (1993) Phosphogypsum in agriculture: a review. Adv Agron 49:55–118. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0065-2113(08)60793-2CrossRef

58.

Al Attar L, Al-Oudat M, Kanakri S et al (2011) Radiological impacts of phosphogypsum. J Environ Manage 92:2151–2158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2011.03.041CrossRef

59.

Fourati FC, Bouaziz J, Belayouni H (2000) Valorisation du phosphogypse de Tunisie en vue de son utilisation comme substituant au gypqe naturel dans la fabrication du ciment. Déchets, Sci Tech 20:24–32

60.

Shen W, Gan G, Dong R et al (2012) Utilization of solidified phosphogypsum as Portland cement retarder. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 14:228–233. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-012-0065-xCrossRef

61.

Taher MA (2007) Influence of thermally treated phosphogypsum on the properties of Portland slag cement. Resour Conserv Recycl 52:28–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.resconrec.2007.01.008CrossRef

62.

Sebbahi S, Chameikh MLO, Sahban FF et al (1997) Thermal behaviour of Moroccan phosphogypsum. Thermochim Acta 302:69–75. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0040-6031(97)00159-7CrossRef

63.

Mechi N, Ammar M, Loungou M, Elaloui E (2016) Thermal study of tunisian phosphogypsum for use in reinforced plaster. Br J Appl Sci Technol 16:1–10. https://doi.org/10.9734/bjast/2016/25728CrossRef

64.

Romero-Hermida I, Santos A, Pérez-López R, et al (2017) New method for carbon dioxide mineralization based on phosphogypsum and aluminium-rich industrial wastes resulting in valuable carbonated by-products. J CO2 Util 18:15–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcou.2017.01.002

65.

Roode QI, Strydom CA (1999) The characterization of phosphogypsum and gypsum-brushite mixtures by X-ray diffraction , thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric techniques. Concr Sci Eng 1:222–227. 1295-2826

66.

El Issiouy S, Atbir A, Mançour-Billah S et al (2013) Thermal treatment of moroccan phosphogypsum. MATEC Web Conf EDP Sci 3:01030CrossRef

67.

Bouargane B, Biyoune MG, Mabrouk A et al (2020) Experimental investigation of the effects of synthesis parameters on the precipitation of calcium carbonate and portlandite from moroccan phosphogypsum and pure gypsum using carbonation route. Waste Biomass Valoriz. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00923-3CrossRef

68.

Abu-Eishah SI, Bani-Kananeh AA, Allawzi MA (2000) K₂SO₄ production via the double decomposition reaction of KCl and phosphogypsum. Chem Eng J 76:197–207. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1385-8947(99)00158-8CrossRef

69.

Liu Y, Zhang Q, Chen Q et al (2019) Utilisation of water-washing pre-treated phosphogypsum for cemented paste backfill. Minerals 9:1–20. https://doi.org/10.3390/min9030175CrossRef

70.

Karmakar S, Hoque Bhuiyan N (2018) Recovery of sulphur from gypsum by reaction with sodium carbonate: production of sodium sulphate. J Eng Sci 09:71–76

71.

Valkov AV, Andreev VA, Anufrieva AV et al (2014) Phosphogypsum technology with the extraction of valuable components. Procedia Chem 11:176–181. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.proche.2014.11.031CrossRef

72.

Abhilash SS, Meshram P, Pandey BD (2016) Metallurgical processes for the recovery and recycling of lanthanum from various resources - a review. Hydrometallurgy 160:47–59. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2015.12.004CrossRef

73.

Juliastuti SR, Hendrianie N, Dian Pawitra Y, Raditya Putra I (2018) Reduction of P₂O₅ and F from phosphogypsum by CaO addition. MATEC Web Conf 156:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815603021CrossRef

74.

Wang J, Dong F, Wang Z, et al (2020) A novel method for purification of phosphogypsum. Physicochem Probl Miner Process 56:975–983. https://doi.org/10.37190/PPMP/127854

75.

Khaled B, Jaouadi A, Nabil F, et al (2015) Treatment and Valorization of Waste Gafsa pohosphate. Rev Sci des matériaux 13–31

76.

Nizevičienė D, Vaičiukynienė D, Kielė A, Vaičiukynas V (2019) Mechanical activation on phosphogypsum: hydrosodalite system. Waste Biomass Valoriz 10:3485–3491. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0339-1CrossRef

77.

Hentati O, Abrantes N, Caetano AL et al (2015) Phosphogypsum as a soil fertilizer: ecotoxicity of amended soil and elutriates to bacteria, invertebrates, algae and plants. J Hazard Mater 294:80–89. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.03.034CrossRef

78.

Hayet Sfar Felfoul H, Clastres P, Ben Ouezdou M (2004) Etude du phosphogypse de Sfax en vue d’une valorisation en technique routière. Colloq Matériaux, Sols Struct 127–131

79.

Davister A (1994) Belgium, Le phosphogypse déchet (plus ou moins nuisible) ou ressource, PM Rutherferd et al. Sci Total Env 149:1–38

80.

Vignes JL, Essaddam H, Daligand D (1997) Une vie de plâtre. Bull l’union des physiciens 790:145–164

81.

Bianca Calderon-Morales RS, García-Martínez A, Pineda P, García-Tenorio R (2021) Valorization of phosphogypsum in cement-based materials: Limits and potential in eco-efficient construction. J Build Eng 44:102506CrossRef

82.

Wang G, Han X, Nakayama N et al (2006) Soil organic matter dynamics in lands continuously cultivated with maize and soybean in Heilongjiang Province, Northeast China: estimation from natural 13C abundance. Soil Sci Plant Nutr 52:139–144. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-0765.2006.00026.xCrossRef

83.

Lim SS, Park HJ, Hao X et al (2017) Nitrogen, carbon, and dry matter losses during composting of livestock manure with two bulking agents as affected by co-amendments of phosphogypsum and zeolite. Ecol Eng 102:280–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2017.02.031CrossRef

84.

Abril JM, García-Tenorio R, Enamorado SM et al (2008) The cumulative effect of three decades of phosphogypsum amendments in reclaimed marsh soils from SW Spain: ²²⁶Ra, ²³⁸U and Cd contents in soils and tomato fruit. Sci Total Environ 403:80–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.05.013CrossRef

85.

Enamorado S, Abril JM, Delgado A et al (2014) Implications for food safety of the uptake by tomato of 25 trace-elements from a phosphogypsum amended soil from SW Spain. J Hazard Mater 266:122–131. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2013.12.019CrossRef

86.

Hassoune H, Lahhit M, Khalid A, Lachehab A (2017) Application of leaching tests on phosphogypsum by infiltration-percolation. Water Sci Technol 76:1844–1851. https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.2017.368CrossRef

87.

Balestrini R, Lumini E, Borriello R, Bianciotto V (2015) Plant-Soil Biota Interactions, 4th ed. Elsevier Inc

88.

Bouargane B, Marrouche A, El IS et al (2019) Recovery of Ca(OH)₂, CaCO₃, and Na₂SO₄ from Moroccan phosphogypsum waste. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag 21:1563–1571. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-019-00910-9CrossRef

89.

Bye GC (1999) Portland cement : composition, production and properties. Available at: https://books.google.co.ma/

90.

Rashad AM (2015) Potential use of phosphogypsum in alkali-activated fly ash under the effects of elevated temperatures and thermal shock cycles. J Clean Prod 87:717–725. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2014.09.080CrossRef

91.

Mehta PK, Brady JR (1977) Utilization of phosphogypsum in Portland cement industry. Cem Concr Res 7:537–544. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-8846(77)90115-6CrossRef

92.

El-Didamony H, El ALFISA, Elwan MM (2002) Influence of substitution of natural gypsum by phosphogypsum on the properties of Portland cement. Silic Ind 1:9–14

93.

Bourgier V (2008) Influence des ions monohydrogénophosphates et fluorophosphates sur les propriétés des phosphogypses et la réactivité des phosphoplâtres

94.

Rashad AM (2017) Phosphogypsum as a construction material. J Clean Prod 166:732–743. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.08.049CrossRef

95.

Demol J, Ho E, Soldenhoff K, Senanayake G (2019) The sulfuric acid bake and leach route for processing of rare earth ores and concentrates: a review. Hydrometallurgy 188:123–139. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2019.05.015CrossRef

96.

Zhang SA-T, P, (2015) REE extraction from phosphoric acid, phosphoric acid sludge, and phosphogypsum. Miner Process Extr Metall 124:143–150. https://doi.org/10.1179/1743285515Y.0000000002CrossRef

97.

Bandara AMTS, Senanayake G (2019) Dissolution of calcium, phosphate, fluoride and rare earth elements (REEs) from a disc of natural fluorapatite mineral (FAP) in perchloric, hydrochloric, nitric, sulphuric and phosphoric acid solutions: A kinetic model and comparative batch leaching of ma. Hydrometallurgy 184:218–236. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2018.09.002CrossRef

98.

Lütke SF, Oliveira MLS, Silva LFO et al (2020) Nanominerals assemblages and hazardous elements assessment in phosphogypsum from an abandoned phosphate fertilizer industry. Chemosphere 256:127138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127138CrossRef

99.

Grabas K, Pawełczyk A, Stręk W et al (2018) Study on the properties of waste apatite phosphogypsum as a raw material of prospective applications. Waste Biomass Valoriz. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-018-0316-8CrossRef

100.

Cánovas CR, Macías F, Pérez-lópez R et al (2017) Valorization of wastes from the fertilizer industry: Current status and future trends. J Clean Prod. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.293CrossRef

101.

Brückner L, Elwert T, Schirmer T (2020) Extraction of rare earth elements from phospho-gypsum: concentrate digestion, leaching, and purification. Metals (Basel). https://doi.org/10.3390/met10010131CrossRef

102.

Bartzokas A, Yarime M (1997) Technology trends in pollution-intensive industries: a review of sectoral trends. Discuss Pap Ser 9706:56

103.

Masmoudi-Soussi A, Hammas-Nasri I, Horchani-Naifer K, Férid M (2019) Study of rare earths leaching after hydrothermal conversion of phosphogypsum. Chem Africa 2:415–422. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42250-019-00048-zCrossRef

104.

El-Didamony H, Gado HS, Awwad NS et al (2013) Treatment of phosphogypsum waste produced from phosphate ore processing. J Hazard Mater 244–245:596–602. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.10.053CrossRef

105.

Costis S, Mueller KK, Blais J-F (2019) Review of recent work on the recovery of rare earth elements from secondary sources. Nat Resour Canada ISBN: 978:Report No. R1859

106.

Walawalkar M, Nichol CK, Azimi G (2016) Process investigation of the acid leaching of rare earth elements from phosphogypsum using HCl, HNO₃, and H₂SO₄. Hydrometallurgy 166:195–204. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hydromet.2016.06.008CrossRef

107.

Cánovas CR, Chapron S, Arrachart G et al (2019) Leaching of rare earth elements ( REEs ) and impurities from phosphogypsum: a preliminary insight for further recovery of critical raw materials To cite this version : HAL Id : hal-02062500. J Clean Prod 219:225–235. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.02.104CrossRef

108.

Liang H, Jin Z, Depaoli D (2017) Rare earths recovery and gypsum upgrade from Florida phosphogypsum. Miner Metall Process 34:201–206

109.

Hammas-Nasri I, Horchani-Naifer K, Férid M, Barca D (2016) Rare earths concentration from phosphogypsum waste by two-step leaching method. Int J Miner Process 149:78–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.minpro.2016.02.011CrossRef

110.

Ruiz-Agudo E, Kudłacz K, Putnis CV et al (2013) Dissolution and carbonation of portlandite [Ca(OH)₂] single crystals. Environ Sci Technol 47:11342–11349. https://doi.org/10.1021/es402061cCrossRef

111.

Fritz B, Clément A, Montes-Hernandez G, Noguer C (2013) Calcite formation by hydrothermal carbonation of portlandite: complementary insights from experiment and simulation. Cryst Eng Comm 15:3392–3401CrossRef

112.

Harja M, Cretescu I, Rusu L, Ciocinta RC (2009) The influence of experimental factors on calcium carbonate morphology prepared by carbonation. Rev Chim 60

113.

Bouargane B (2018) Abstracts of National Phd Students Days 2018 (NPSD’2018), Morocco. Int Multidiscip Res J https://doi.org/10.25081/imrj.2018.v8.3674

114.

Romanov V, Soong Y, Carney C et al (2015) Mineralization of carbon dioxide: a literature review. ChemBioEng Rev 2:231–256. https://doi.org/10.1002/cben.201500002CrossRef

115.

Ebrahimi A, Saffari M, Hong Y et al (2018) Mineral sequestration of CO₂ using saprolite mine tailings in the presence of alkaline industrial wastes. J Clean Prod 188:686–697. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.04.046CrossRef

116.

Vlasjan SV, Voloshin ND, Shestozub AB (2014) Producing calcium nitrate and rare-earth element concentrates by phosphogypsum conversion. Chem Technol 64:58–62. https://doi.org/10.5755/j01.ct.64.2.6024CrossRef

117.

Ennaciri Y, Bettach M, Cherrat A, Zegzouti A (2016) Conversion of phosphogypsum to sodium sulfate and calcium carbonate in aqueous solution. J Mater Environ Sci 7:1925–1933

118.

Ennaciri Y, Mouahid FE, Bendriss A, Bettach M (2013) Conversion of phosphogypsum to potassium sulfate and calcium carbonate in aqueous solution. MATEC Web Conf 5:04006CrossRef

119.

Burnett WC, Schultz MK, Hull CD (1996) Radionuclide flow during the conversion of phosphogypsum to ammonium sulfate. J Environ Radioact 32:33–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/0265-931X(95)00078-OCrossRef

120.

Avşar C, Tümük D, Yüzbaşıoğlu AE, Gezerman AO (2022) Focusing on the Merseburg process: benefits on industrial decarbonization and waste minimization. Environ Technol Rev 11:148–155CrossRef

121.

Avşar C, Gezerman AO (2022) Industrial waste management : economical benefits of the resource utilization of phosphogypsum. Int J Ind Mark 7:1–9. https://doi.org/10.5296/ijim.v7i1.20325CrossRef

122.

Biyoune MG, Bouargane B, Idboufrade A et al (2021) New procedure for water-salinity reduction using phosphogypsum waste and carbon dioxide resulting in useful compounds formation. Nanotechnol 6:1–18

123.

Ennaciri Y, El A-B, Bettach M (2019) Comparative study of K₂SO₄ production by wet conversion from phosphogypsum and synthetic gypsum. J Mater Res Technol 8:2586–2596. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmrt.2019.02.013CrossRef

124.

Douahem H, Hammi H, Hamzaoui AH, Nif AM (2017) A preliminary study of phosphogypsum transformation into calcium fluoride

125.

Cárdenas-Escudero C, Morales-Flórez V, Pérez-López R et al (2011) Procedure to use phosphogypsum industrial waste for mineral CO₂ sequestration. J Hazard Mater 196:431–435. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2011.09.039CrossRef

126.

Altiner M (2018) Effect of alkaline types on the production of calcium carbonate particles from gypsum waste for fixation of CO₂ by mineral carbonation. Int J Coal Prep Util 39:1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/19392699.2018.1452739CrossRef

127.

Lee MG, Ryu KW, Chae SC, Jang YN (2015) Effects of temperature on the carbonation of flue gas desulphurization gypsum using a CO₂/N₂ gas mixture. Environ Technol 36:106–114. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593330.2014.938126CrossRef

128.

Rosales J, Pérez SM, Cabrera M et al (2020) Treated phosphogypsum as an alternative set regulator and mineral addition in cement production. J Clean Prod 244:118752. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2019.118752CrossRef

129.

Pérez-Moreno SM, Gázquez MJ, Pérez-López R et al (2018) Assessment of natural radionuclides mobility in a phosphogypsum disposal area. Chemosphere 211:775–783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.07.193CrossRef

130.

Pérez-Moreno SM, Gázquez MJ, Bolívar JP (2015) CO₂ sequestration by indirect carbonation of artificial gypsum generated in the manufacture of titanium dioxide pigments. Chem Eng J 262:737–746. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2014.10.023CrossRef

131.

Tayibi H, Gascó C, Navarro N et al (2011) Radiochemical characterization of phosphogypsum for engineering use. J Environ Prot (Irvine, Calif) 02:168–174. https://doi.org/10.4236/jep.2011.22019CrossRef

132.

Gaudry A, Zeroual S, Gaie-Levrel F et al (2007) Heavy metals pollution of the atlantic marine environment by the Moroccan phosphate industry, as observed through their bioaccumulation in Ulva lactuca. Water Air Soil Pollut 178:267–285. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-006-9196-9CrossRef

133.

Biyoune MG, Bouargane B, Bari H, et al (2020) Water quality depends on remineralization’s method in the desalination plant. Mediterr J Chem 10:162–170. https://doi.org/10.13171/mjc10202002141228mgb

134.

Sisomphon K, Franke L (2007) Carbonation rates of concretes containing high volume of pozzolanic materials. Cem Concr Res 37:1647–1653. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2007.08.014CrossRef

135.

Khachani M, El Hamidi A, Halim M, Arsalane S (2014) Non-isothermal kinetic and thermodynamic studies of the dehydroxylation process of synthetic calcium hydroxide Ca(OH)2. J Mater Environ Sci 5:615–624

136.

Han YS, Hadiko G, Fuji M, Takahashi M (2006) Influence of initial CaCl₂ concentration on the phase and morphology of CaCO₃ prepared by carbonation. J Mater Sci 41:4663–4667. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-006-0037-4CrossRef

137.

Eloneva S, Teir S, Salminen J et al (2008) Steel converter slag as a raw material for precipitation of pure calcium carbonate. Ind Eng Chem Res 47:7104–7111. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie8004034CrossRef

138.

Karmal I, Mohareb S, El housse M, et al (2020) Structural and morphological characterization of scale deposits on the reverse osmosis membranes: Case of brackish water demineralization station in Morocco. Groundw Sustain Dev 11:100483. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gsd.2020.100483

139.

El Housse M, Abdallah H, Ilham K et al (2021) Study of the effect of inorganic inhibitor on the calcium carbonate precipitation in the localized irrigation systems. Nanotechnol Environ Eng 2:1–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41204-021-00107-2CrossRef

140.

Yang HJ, Yoon SW, Kim YJ et al (2020) Recovery of iron oxide and calcium chloride from an iron-rich chloride waste using calcium carbonate. J Mater Cycles Waste Manag. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-020-01119-xCrossRef

141.

Larsen MJ, Jensen SJ (1994) Experiments on the initiation of calcium fluoride formation with reference to the solubility of dental enamel and brushite. Arch Oral Biol 39:23–27. https://doi.org/10.1016/0003-9969(94)90030-2CrossRef

142.

Kawano N, Nakauchi D, Fukuda K et al (2018) Comparative study of scintillation and dosimetric properties between Tm-doped CaF2 translucent ceramic and single crystal. Jpn J Appl Phys 57:1–4. https://doi.org/10.7567/JJAP.57.102401CrossRef

143.

Tayibi H, Choura M, López FA et al (2009) Environmental impact and management of phosphogypsum. J Environ Manage 90:2377–2386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2009.03.007CrossRef

144.

Samrane K, Bouhaouss A (2022) Cadmium in phosphorus fertilizers: Balance and trends. Rasayan J Chem 15:2103–2117CrossRef

145.

Mohammed F, Biswas WK, Yao H, Tadé M (2018) Sustainability assessment of symbiotic processes for the reuse of phosphogypsum. J Clean Prod 188:497–507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2018.03.309CrossRef

146.

Bentaleb MA (2019) Implementing circular economy strategies in morocco. Sch Sci Eng – Al Akhawayn Univ

147.

Amrani M, Taha Y, El HY et al (2020) Sustainable reuse of coal mine waste: Experimental and economic assessments for embankments and pavement layer applications in morocco. Minerals 10:1–17. https://doi.org/10.3390/min10100851CrossRef

148.

Monat L, Chaudhury S, Nir O (2020) Enhancing the sustainability of phosphogypsum recycling by integrating electrodialysis with bipolar membranes. ACS Sustain Chem Eng 8:2490–2497. https://doi.org/10.1021/acssuschemeng.9b07038CrossRef

149.

Tsioka M, Voudrias EA (2020) Comparison of alternative management methods for phosphogypsum waste using life cycle analysis. J Clean Prod 266:121386. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.121386CrossRef

150.

Bumanis G, Korjakins A, Bajare D (2022) Environmental benefit of alternative binders in construction industry: life cycle assessment. Environments 9:6. https://doi.org/10.3390/environments9010006CrossRef

151.

Kulczycka J, Kowalski Z, Smol M, Wirth H (2016) Evaluation of the recovery of rare earth elements (REE) from phosphogypsum waste - Case study of the WIZÓW Chemical Plant (Poland). J Clean Prod 113:345–354. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2015.11.039CrossRef

152.

Suárez S, Roca X, Gasso S (2016) Product-specific life cycle assessment of recycled gypsum as a replacement for natural gypsum in ordinary Portland cement: Application to the Spanish context. J Clean Prod 117:150–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2016.01.044CrossRef

Title: Effective and innovative procedures to use phosphogypsum waste in different application domains: review of the environmental, economic challenges and life cycle assessment
Authors: Brahim Bouargane
Khaoula Laaboubi
Mohamed Ghali Biyoune
Bahcine Bakiz
Ali Atbir
Publication date: 18-02-2023
Publisher: Springer Japan
Published in: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management / Issue 3/2023
Print ISSN: 1438-4957
Electronic ISSN: 1611-8227
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-023-01617-8

Springer Professional

Abstract

Graphical Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 3/2023

Investigating barriers to sustainable management of construction and demolition waste: the case of India

Mechanical properties and microstructure of ground granulated blast furnace slag-based geopolymer reinforced with polyvinyl alcohol fibers

Removal of iron from waste printed circuit board dust: surfactant assisted magnetic separation versus selective leaching routes

Study on the co-combustion process and mercury emission characteristics of sewage sludge-coal slime coupled fuel

Novel approach for in situ recovery of cobalt oxalate from spent lithium-ion batteries using tartaric acid and hydrogen peroxide

Obtaining and characterization of catalytic materials from waste tires for the Fischer–Tropsch process