Top

Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management

Published in:

22-03-2023 | ORIGINAL ARTICLE

Slow pyrolysis of olive mill solid residues as a sustainable valorization strategy for waste biomass

Authors: Lea Piscitelli, Daniel P. Rasse, Anna Daniela Malerba, Teodoro Miano, Donato Mondelli

Published in: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management | Issue 3/2023

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

Pyrolysis is a valid thermos-chemical process of energy production that produces biochar from potentially harmful biomasses. This study aims to investigate the pyrolytic conversion of olive mill solid residues (OMSR) into biochar, with the aim of characterizing this product towards applications for soil improvement and soil C sequestration. Production parameters of OMSR-biochar (OB) and physico-chemical characteristics were analyzed and compared with published data to assess the potential of OB to serve as a soil amendment and soil C sequestration method. The slow pyrolysis of OMSR at 450° leads to a good proportion between produced products (fuels liquid and gas, and solid), and generates about the 35% of OB. In turn, this product reveals the absence of phytotoxicity, the presence of exchangeable surface cations, structure, particle size distribution and external surface groups suitable for agricultural uses, and high C content with a potential long lasting in soil. The physico-chemical characteristics of OB reported here suggest that OB could be used for improving soils and increasing C sequestration in a sustainable way.

previous article A comparison of the comprehensive municipal solid waste management systems of the region of Prague and the principality of Asturias. the influence of collection systems and municipality size on the waste collection and the recycling rates

next article Potential of microalgae Bio-Coke as a sustainable solid fuel alternative to coal coke

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Ozdemir ME, Ali Z, Subeshan B, Asmatulu E (2021) Applying machine learning approach in recycling. J Mater Cycles Waste Manage. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-021-01182-yCrossRef

Lee SY, Sankaran R, Chew KW, Tan CH, Krishnamoorthy R, Chu D, Show PL (2019) Waste to bioenergy: a review on the recent conversion technologies. BMC Energy 1:4. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42500-019-0004-7CrossRef

Commission E (2012) Innovating for sustainable growth: a bioeconomy for Europe. Off J Eur Union 8:60

Pawar A, Panwar NL, Salvi BL (2020) Comprehensive review on pyrolytic oil production, upgrading and its utilization. J Mater Cycles Waste Manage. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-020-01063-wCrossRef

Novotny EH, de Freitas Maia CMB, de Melo Carvalho MT, Madari BE (2015) Biochar: pyrogenic carbon for agricultural use—a critical review. R Bras Ci Solo 39:321–344. https://doi.org/10.1590/01000683rbcs20140818CrossRef

Singh R, Babu N, Kumar R, Srivastava P, Singh P, Raghubanshi AS (2015) Multifaceted application of crop residue biochar as a tool for sustainable agriculture: an ecological perspective. Ecol Eng 77:324–347. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2015.01.011CrossRef

Hardy B, Sleutel S, Dufey JE, Cornelis JT (2019) The long-term effect of biochar on soil microbial abundance, activity and community structure is overwritten by land management. Front Environ Sci 7:110. https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2019.00110CrossRef

Food and agriculture organization of The United Nations. FAOSTAT statistics database. Crops and crops processed. Last update: September 15, 2021. http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QD

Markou G, Georgakakis D, Plagou K, Salakou G, Christopoulou N (2010) Balanced waste management of 2- and 3-phase olive oil mills in relation to the seed oil extraction plant. Terr Aqua Environ Toxicol 4:109–112

10.

Christoforou E, Fokaides PA (2016) A review of olive mill solid wastes to energy utilization techniques. Waste Manage 49:346–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2016.01.012CrossRef

11.

Tamasi G, Bonechi C, Belyakova A, Pardini A, Rossi C (2017) The olive tree, a source of antioxidant compounds. J Siena Acad Sci. https://doi.org/10.4081/jsas.2016.6952CrossRef

12.

Pinho D, Lopes V, Rui CM, Quina MJ (2017) Phytotoxicity assessment of olive mill solid wastes and the influence of phenolic compounds. Chemosphere 185:258–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.07.002CrossRef

13.

Barbera AC, Maucieri C, Cavallaro V, Ioppolo A, Spagna G (2013) Effects of spreading olive mill wastewater on soil properties and crops, a review. Agricult Water Manag 119:43–53CrossRef

14.

Cossu A, Degl’Innocenti S, Agnolucci M, Cristani C, Bedini S, Nuti M (2013) Assessment of the life cycle environmental impact of the olive oil extraction solid wastes in the European union. Open Waste Manag J 6:12–20. https://doi.org/10.2174/1876400220131014001CrossRef

15.

Lajili M, Guizani C, Escudero Sanz FJ, Jeguirim M (2018) Fast pyrolysis and steam gasification of pellets prepared from olive oil mill residues. Energy 150:61–68. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2018.02.135CrossRef

16.

Sandouqa A, Al-Hamamre Z, Asfar J (2019) Preparation and performance investigation of a lignin-based solid acid catalyst manufactured from olive cake for biodiesel production. Renew Energ 132:667–682. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2018.08.029CrossRef

17.

Ducom G, Gautier M, Pietraccini M, Tagutchou JP, Lebouil D, Gourdon R (2020) Comparative analyses of three olive mill solid residues from different countries and processes for energy recovery by gasification. Renew Energ 145:180–189. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2019.05.116CrossRef

18.

Najafi E, Castro E, Karimi K (2021) Biorefining for olive wastes management and efficient bioenergy production. Energy Convers Manag 244:114467. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enconman.2021.114467CrossRef

19.

Özveren U, Özdoğan S (2013) Investigation of the slow pyrolysis kinetics of olive oil pomace using thermo-gravimetric analysis coupled with mass spectrometry. Biomass Bioenergy 58:168–179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2013.08.011CrossRef

20.

Hmid A, Mondelli D, Fiore S, Fanizzi FP, Al Chami Z, Dumontet S (2014) Production and characterization of biochar from three-phase olive mill waste through slow pyrolysis. Biomass Bioenergy 71:330–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.09.024CrossRef

21.

Conti R, Fabbri D, Vassura I, Ferroni L (2016) Comparison of chemical and physical indices of thermal stability of biochars from different biomass by analytical pyrolysis and thermogravimetry. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 122:160–168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2016.10.003CrossRef

22.

El Hanandeh A (2013) Carbon abatement via treating the solid waste from the Australian olive industry in mobile pyrolysis units: LCA with uncertainty analysis. Waste Manage Res 31:341–352. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734242X12465317CrossRef

23.

Windeatt JH, Ross AB, Williams PT, Forster PM, Nahil MA, Singh S (2014) Characteristics of biochars from crop residues: potential for carbon sequestration and soil amendment. J Environ Manage 146:189–197. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.08.003CrossRef

24.

Zabaniotou A, Rovas D, Monteleone M (2015) Management of olive grove pruning and solid waste from olive oil extraction via thermochemical processes. Waste Biomass Valori 6:831–842. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-015-9403-2CrossRef

25.

Petruccelli R, Bonetti A, Traversi ML, Faraloni C, Valagussa M, Pozzi A (2015) Influence of biochar application on nutritional quality of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum). Crop Pasture Sci 66:747–755. https://doi.org/10.1071/CP14247CrossRef

26.

El-Bassi L, Azzaz AA, Jellali S, Akrout H, Marks EAN, Ghimbeu CM, Jeguirim M (2021) Application of olive mill waste-based biochars in agriculture: impact on soil properties, enzymatic activities and tomato growth. Sci Total Environ 755:142531. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142531CrossRef

27.

Lehmann J (2007) Bio-energy in the black. Front Ecol Environ 5:381–387. https://doi.org/10.1890/1540-9295(2007)5[381:BITB]2.0.CO;2CrossRef

28.

Nanda S, Dalai AK, Berruti F, Kozinski JA (2015) Biochar as an exceptional bioresource for energy, agronomy, carbon sequestration, activated carbon and specialty materials. Waste Biomass Valor 7:201–235. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-015-9459-zCrossRef

29.

Wijitkosum S (2021) Biochar derived from agricultural wastes and wood residues for sustainable agricultural and environmental applications. Int Soil Water Conserv Res. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.iswcr.2021.09.006CrossRef

30.

Sanginés P, Domínguez MP, Sánchez F, San Miguel G (2015) Slow pyrolysis of olive stones in a rotary kiln: chemical and energy characterization of solid, gas, and condensable products. J Renew Sustain Ener 7:13–23. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4923442CrossRef

31.

Zucconi F, Pera A, Forte M, de Bertoldi M (1981) Evaluating toxicity of immature compost. Biocycle 22:54–57

32.

Schimmelpfennig S, Glaser B (2012) One step forward toward characterization: some important material properties to distinguish biochars. J Environ Qual 41:1001–1013. https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2011.0146CrossRef

33.

Medouni-Haroune L, Zaidi F, Adrar S, Kecha M (2018) Olive pomace: from an olive mill waste to a resource, an overview of the new treatments. J Crit Rev 05:1–6. https://doi.org/10.22159/jcr.2018v5i5.28840CrossRef

34.

Lampropoulos A, Kaklidis N, Athanasiou C, Montes-Morán MA, Arenillas A, Menéndez JA, Binas VD, Konsolakis M, Marnellos GE (2021) Effect of Olive Kernel thermal treatment (torrefaction vs. slow pyrolysis) on the physicochemical characteristics and the CO2 or H2O gasification performance of as-prepared biochars. Int J Hydrog Energy 46(57):126–141. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhydene.2020.11.230CrossRef

35.

Sahoo K, Kumar A, Chakraborty JP (2020) A comparative study on valuable products: bio-oil, biochar, non-condensable gases from pyrolysis of agricultural residues. J Mater Cycles Waste Manage. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-020-01114-2CrossRef

36.

Park J, Lee Y, Ryu C, Park Y-K (2014) Slow pyrolysis of rice straw: analysis of products properties, carbon and energy yields. Biores Technol 155:63–70CrossRef

37.

Sánchez F, San Miguel G (2016) Improved fuel properties of whole table olive stones via pyrolytic processing. Biomass Bioenergy 92:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2016.06.001CrossRef

38.

Emino E, Warman P (2004) Biological assay for compost quality. Compost Sci Util 12(4):342–348. https://doi.org/10.1080/1065657X.2004.10702203CrossRef

39.

Ronga D, Francia E, Allesina G, Pedrazzi S, Zaccardelli M, Pane C, Tava A, Bignami C (2019) Valorization of vineyard by-products to obtain composted digestate and biochar suitable for nursery grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) production. Agronomy 9:420. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9080420CrossRef

40.

Bargmann I, Rillig MC, Buss W, Kruse A, Kuecke M (2013) Hydrochar and biochar effects on germination of spring barley. J Agron Crop Sci 199:360–373. https://doi.org/10.1111/jac.12024CrossRef

41.

Buss W, Masek O (2014) Mobile organic compounds in biochar—a potential source of contamination—phytotoxic effects on cress seed (Lepidium sativum) germination. J Environ Manage 137:111–119. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2014.01.045CrossRef

42.

Saletnik B, Bajcar M, Zaguła G, Saletnik A, Tarapatskyy M, Puchalski C (2019) Biochar as a stimulator for germination capacity in seeds of virginia mallow (Sida hermaphrodita (L.) Rusby). Appl Sci 9(16):3213. https://doi.org/10.3390/app9163213CrossRef

43.

Ali L, Xiukang W, Naveed M, Ashraf S, Nadeem SM, Haider FU, Mustafa A (2021) Impact of biochar application on germination behavior and early growth of maize seedlings: insights from a growth room experiment. Appl Sci 11:11666. https://doi.org/10.3390/app112411666CrossRef

44.

Dai Z, Xiong X, Zhu H, Xu H, Leng P, Li J, Tang C, Xu J (2021) Association of biochar properties with changes in soil bacterial, fungal and fauna communities and nutrient cycling processes. Biochar 3:239–254. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42773-021-00099-xCrossRef

45.

Tomczyk A, Sokołowska Z, Boguta P (2020) Biochar physicochemical properties: pyrolysis temperature and feedstock kind effects. Rev Environ Sci Biotechnol 19:191–215. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11157-020-09523-3CrossRef

46.

Joseph S, Cowie AL, Van Zwieten L, Bolan N, Budai A, Buss W, Cayuela ML, Graber ER, Ippolito JA, Kuzyakov Y, Luo Y, Ok YS, Palansooriya KN, Shepherd J, Stephens S, Weng Z, Lehmann J (2021) How biochar works, and when it doesn’t: a review of mechanisms controlling soil and plant responses to biochar. GCB Bioenergy 13:1731–1764. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcbb.12885CrossRef

47.

de Jesus DS, Glaser B, Pellegrino Cerri CE (2019) Effect of biochar particle size on physical, hydrological and chemical properties of loamy and sandy tropical soils. Agronomy 9(4):165. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy9040165CrossRef

48.

Grammelis P, Margaritis N, Kourkoumpas DS (2018) 4.27 Pyrolysis energy conversion systems. In: Dincer I (ed) Comprehensive Energy Systems. Elsevier, pp 1065–1106CrossRef

49.

Castan S, Gabriel S, Hüffer T, Hofmann T (2019) Biochar particle aggregation in soil pore water: influence of ionic strength and interactions with pyrene. Environ Sci Processes Impacts. https://doi.org/10.1039/C9EM00277DCrossRef

50.

Bruun EW, Ambus P, Egsgaard H, Hauggaard-Nielson H (2012) Effects of slow and fast pyrolysis biochar on soil C and N turnover dynamics. Soil Biol Biochem 46:73–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.soilbio.2011.11.019CrossRef

51.

Sigua GC, Novak JM, Watts DW, Cantrell KB, Shumaker PD, Szogi AA, Johnson MG (2014) Carbon mineralization in two ultisols amended with different sources and particle sizes of pyrolysed biochar. Chemosphere 103:313–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.12.024CrossRef

52.

Mukherjee A, Lal R (2013) Biochar impacts on soil physical properties and greenhouse gas emissions. Agronomy 3:313–339. https://doi.org/10.3390/agronomy3020313CrossRef

53.

Brewer CE, Chuang VJ, Masiello CA, Gonnermann HM, Gao X, Dugan BE, Driver LE, Panzacchi P, Zygourakis K, Davies CA (2014) New approaches to measuring biochar density and porosity. Biomass Bioenergy 66:176–185. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2014.03.059CrossRef

54.

Kuppusamy S, Thavamani P, Megharai M, Venkateswarlu K, Naidu R (2016) Agronomic and remedial benefits and risks of applying biochar to soil: current knowledge and future research directions. Environ Int 87:1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2015.10.018CrossRef

55.

Ebhin Masto RE, Ansari MA, George J, Selvi VA, Ram LC (2013) Co-application of biochar and lignite fly ash on soil nutrients and biological parameters at different crop growth stages of Zea mays. Ecol Eng 58:314–322. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoleng.2013.07.011CrossRef

56.

Arán D, Antelo J, Fiol S, Macías F (2016) Influence of feedstock on the copper removal capacity of waste-derived biochars. Bioresour Technol 212:199–206. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2016.04.043CrossRef

57.

Budai A, Wang L, Gronli M, Strand LT, Antal MJ Jr, Abiven S, Dieguez-Alonso A, Anca-Couce A, Rasse DP (2014) Surface properties and chemical composition of corncob and miscanthus biochars: effects of production temperature and method. J Agric Food Chem 62:3791–3799. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf501139fCrossRef

58.

Gámiz B, Pignatello JJ, Cox L, Hermosín MC, Celis R (2016) Environmental fate of the fungicide metalaxyl in soil amended with composted olive-mill waste and its biochar: an enantioselective study. Sci Total Environ 541:776–783. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.09.097CrossRef

59.

Graber E, Tsechansky L, Lew B, Cohen E (2014) Reducing capacity of water extracts of biochars and their solubilization of soil Mn and Fe. Eur J Soil Sci 65:162–172. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejss.12071CrossRef

60.

Akanji MA, Usman ARA, Al-Wabel MI (2021) Influence of acidified biochar on CO2–C efflux and micronutrient availability in an alkaline sandy soil. Sustainability 13:5196. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13095196CrossRef

61.

Obia A, Cornelissen G, Mulder J, Dörsch P (2015) Effect of soil pH increase by biochar on NO, N₂O and N₂ production during denitrification in acid soils. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0138781CrossRef

62.

Campos P, Miller AZ, Knicker H, Costa-Pereira MF, Merino A, De la Rosa JM (2020) Chemical, physical and morphological properties of biochars produced from agricultural residues: implications for their use as soil amendment. Waste Manage 105:256–267. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.wasman.2020.02.013CrossRef

63.

Haddad K, Jeguirim M, Jellali S, Thevenin N, Ruidavets N, Limousy L (2021) Biochar production from cypress sawdust and olive mill wastewater: agronomic approach. Sci Total Environ 752:141713. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.141713CrossRef

64.

Maaz TM, Hockaday WC, Deenik JL (2021) Biochar volatile matter and feedstock effects on soil nitrogen mineralization and soil fungal colonization. Sustainability 13:2018. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13042018CrossRef

65.

Deenik JL, McClellan T, Uehara G, Antal MJ, Campbell S (2010) Charcoal volatile matter content influences plant growth and soil nitrogen transformations. Soil Sci Soc Am J. https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2009.0115CrossRef

66.

Brassard P, Godbout S, Raghavan V (2016) Soil biochar amendment as a climate change mitigation tool: key parameters and mechanisms involved. J Environ Manag 181:484–497. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2016.06.06CrossRef

67.

Kim WK, Shim T, Kim YS, Hyun S, Ryu C, Park YK, Jung J (2013) Characterization of cadmium removal from aqueous solution by biochar produced from a giant Miscanthus at different pyrolytic temperatures. Bioresour Technol 138:266–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2013.03.186CrossRef

68.

Budai A, Rasse DP, Lagomarsino A, Lerch TZ, Paruch L (2016) Biochar persistence, priming and microbial responses to pyrolysis temperature series. Biol Fertil Soils 52:749–761. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-016-1116-6CrossRef

69.

Rasse DP, Budai A, O’Toole A, Ma X, Rumpel C, Abiven S (2017) Persistence in soil of Miscanthus biochar in laboratory and field conditions. PloSone. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0184383CrossRef

70.

Hmid A, Al Chami Z, Sillen W, De Vocht A, Vangronsveld J (2015) Olive mill waste biochar: a promising soil amendment for metal immobilization in contaminated soils. Environ Sci Pollut R 22:1444–1456. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-014-3467-6CrossRef

71.

Harvey OR, Herbert BE, Rhue RD, Kuo LJ (2011) Metal interactions at the biochar-water interface: energetics and structure–sorption relationships elucidated by flow adsorption microcalorimetry. Environ Sci Technol 45:5550–5556. https://doi.org/10.1021/es104401hCrossRef

72.

Knicker H, Totsche KU, Almendros G, Gonzalez-Vila FJ (2005) Condensation degree of burnt peat and plant residues and the reliability of solid-state VACP MAS ¹³C NMR spectra obtained from pyrogenic humic material. Org Geochem 36:1359–1377. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.06.006CrossRef

73.

Karakaş C, Ӧzçimen D, Inan B (2017) Potential use of olive stone biochar as a hydroponic growing medium. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 125:17–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2017.05.005CrossRef

74.

Usevičiūtė L, Baltrėnaitė-Gedienė E, Baltrėnas P (2021) Hydrophilicity enhancement of low-temperature lignocellulosic biochar modified by physical–chemical techniques. J Mater Cycles Waste Manage. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-021-01255-yCrossRef

75.

Bera T, Purakayastha T, Patra A, Datta S (2017) Comparative analysis of physicochemical, nutrient, and spectral properties of agricultural residue biochars as influenced by pyrolysis temperatures. J Mater Cycles Waste Manage. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-017-0675-4CrossRef

76.

El-Sheikh A, Sweileh JA, Saleh MI (2009) Partially pyrolyzed olive pomace sorbent of high permeability for preconcentration of metals from environmental waters. J Hazard Mater 169:58–64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.03.061CrossRef

77.

Zabaniotou A, Rovas D, Delivand MK, Francavilla M, Libutti A, Cammerino AR, Monteleone M (2017) Conceptual vision of bioenergy sector development in Mediterranean regions based on decentralized thermochemical systems. Sustainable Energy Technol Assess 23:33–47. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.seta.2017.09.006CrossRef

78.

Marra R, Vinale F, Cesarano G, Lombardi N, d’Errico G, Crasto A et al (2018) Biochars from olive mill waste have contrasting effects on plants, fungi and phytoparasitic nematodes. PLoS ONE 13(6):e0198728. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0198728CrossRef

79.

Kumar A, Joseph S, Tsechansky L, Schreiter IJ, Schuth C, Taherysoosavi S, Mitchell DRG, Graber ER (2020) Mechanistic evaluation of biochar potential for plant growth promotion and alleviation of chromium-induced phytotoxicity in Ficus elastic. Chemosphere 243:125332. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.125332CrossRef

80.

Zabaniotou A, Rovas D, Libutti A, Monteleone M (2015) Boosting circular economy and closing the loop in agriculture: case study of a small-scale pyrolysis–biochar based system integrated in an olive farm in symbiosis with an olive mill. Environ Dev 14:22–36. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envdev.2014.12.002CrossRef

81.

Galinato SP, Yoder JK, Granatstein D (2011) The economic value of biochar in crop production and carbon sequestration. Energy Policy 39:6344–6350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enpol.2011.07.035CrossRef

82.

European Emission Allowances–EEX (2019). European Emission Allowances in European Energy Exchange - Historic Data < https://www.eex.com/en/market-data/environmental-markets/spot-market/european-emission-allowances#!/2019/04/24 >

Title: Slow pyrolysis of olive mill solid residues as a sustainable valorization strategy for waste biomass
Authors: Lea Piscitelli
Daniel P. Rasse
Anna Daniela Malerba
Teodoro Miano
Donato Mondelli
Publication date: 22-03-2023
Publisher: Springer Japan
Published in: Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management / Issue 3/2023
Print ISSN: 1438-4957
Electronic ISSN: 1611-8227
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10163-023-01645-4

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 3/2023

A performance study on asphalt concrete mixes with different waste materials as modifiers in pavement application

Novel approach for in situ recovery of cobalt oxalate from spent lithium-ion batteries using tartaric acid and hydrogen peroxide

Mechanical properties and microstructure of ground granulated blast furnace slag-based geopolymer reinforced with polyvinyl alcohol fibers

Solid-state bioconversion of organic wastes into compost as bio-organic fertilizer by screened fungal isolates and its performance in agronomic usage

Global variability of food waste chemical composition and its consequences on the production of biofuels and chemical compounds

Effective and innovative procedures to use phosphogypsum waste in different application domains: review of the environmental, economic challenges and life cycle assessment