Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Materials Science 2/2015

01-01-2015 | Original Paper

Effects of heating rates on microstructure and superplastic behavior of friction stir processed 7075 aluminum alloy

Authors: K. Wang, F. C. Liu, P. Xue, B. L. Xiao, Z. Y. Ma

Published in: Journal of Materials Science | Issue 2/2015

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The effects of heating rate prior to tension on the microstructure and superplastic behavior of friction stir processed (FSP) 7075Al alloy, with an initial grain size of 6.2 μm, were investigated. Under both slow and fast heating rates, the FSP specimens exhibited excellent grain stability without abnormal growth at elevated temperatures up to 535 °C. At temperatures lower than 500 °C, both specimens exhibited similar microstructure and superplastic behavior. At 535 °C, specimens heated via slow heating rate exhibited worse superplasticity compared with those heated by fast heating rate, because of significantly coarsened second-phase particles after high temperature exposure for a long time, which blocked grain boundary sliding during superplastic deformation and resulted in a premature fracture of specimens. It was identified that fast heating rate can prevent the particle coarsening and thus the grain growth during heating process effectively, thereby favoring obtaining an excellent superplasticity at elevated temperatures.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Langdon TG, Wadsworth J (1991) Fatigue properties of SPF/DB joints in titanium alloys. In: Hori S, Tokizane M, Furushiro N (eds) Superplasticity in advanced materials. The Japan Society for Research on Superplasticity, Osaka, p 847 Langdon TG, Wadsworth J (1991) Fatigue properties of SPF/DB joints in titanium alloys. In: Hori S, Tokizane M, Furushiro N (eds) Superplasticity in advanced materials. The Japan Society for Research on Superplasticity, Osaka, p 847
2.
go back to reference Barnes AJ (1994) Superplastic forming of aluminum alloys. Mater Sci Forum 170–172:701–714CrossRef Barnes AJ (1994) Superplastic forming of aluminum alloys. Mater Sci Forum 170–172:701–714CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Mishra RS, Bieler TR, Mukherjee AK (1995) Superplasticity in powder metallurgy aluminum alloys and composites. Acta Metall Mater 43:877–891CrossRef Mishra RS, Bieler TR, Mukherjee AK (1995) Superplasticity in powder metallurgy aluminum alloys and composites. Acta Metall Mater 43:877–891CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Langdon TG (1982) The mechanical properties of superplastic materials. Metall Mater Trans A 13:689–701CrossRef Langdon TG (1982) The mechanical properties of superplastic materials. Metall Mater Trans A 13:689–701CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Liu FC, Xue P, Ma ZY (2012) Microstructural evolution in recrystallized and unrecrystallized Al–Mg–Sc alloys during superplastic deformation. Mater Sci Eng A 547:55–63CrossRef Liu FC, Xue P, Ma ZY (2012) Microstructural evolution in recrystallized and unrecrystallized Al–Mg–Sc alloys during superplastic deformation. Mater Sci Eng A 547:55–63CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Liu FC, Ma ZY, Zhang FC (2012) High strain rate superplasticity in a micro-grained Al–Mg–Sc alloy with predominant high angle grain boundaries. J Mater Sci Technol 28:1025–1030CrossRef Liu FC, Ma ZY, Zhang FC (2012) High strain rate superplasticity in a micro-grained Al–Mg–Sc alloy with predominant high angle grain boundaries. J Mater Sci Technol 28:1025–1030CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Humphreys FJ (1997) A unified theory of recovery, recrystallization and grain growth, based on the stability and growth of cellular microstructures—I. The basic model. Acta Mater 45:4231–4240CrossRef Humphreys FJ (1997) A unified theory of recovery, recrystallization and grain growth, based on the stability and growth of cellular microstructures—I. The basic model. Acta Mater 45:4231–4240CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Humphreys FJ (1997) A unified theory of recovery, recrystallization and grain growth, based on the stability and growth of cellular microstructures—II. The effect of second-phase particles. Acta Mater 45:5031–5039CrossRef Humphreys FJ (1997) A unified theory of recovery, recrystallization and grain growth, based on the stability and growth of cellular microstructures—II. The effect of second-phase particles. Acta Mater 45:5031–5039CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Charit I, Mishra RS (2005) Low temperature superplasticity in a friction-stir-processed ultrafine grained Al–Zn–Mg–Sc alloy. Acta Mater 53:4211–4223CrossRef Charit I, Mishra RS (2005) Low temperature superplasticity in a friction-stir-processed ultrafine grained Al–Zn–Mg–Sc alloy. Acta Mater 53:4211–4223CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Hassan KAA, Norman AF, Price DA, Prangnell PB (2003) Stability of nugget zone grain structures in high strength Al-alloy friction stir welds during solution treatment. Acta Mater 51:1923–1936CrossRef Hassan KAA, Norman AF, Price DA, Prangnell PB (2003) Stability of nugget zone grain structures in high strength Al-alloy friction stir welds during solution treatment. Acta Mater 51:1923–1936CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Naga Raju P, Srinivasa Rao K, Reddy GM, Kamaraj M, Prasad Rao K (2007) Microstructure and high temperature stability of age hardenable AA2219 aluminium alloy modified by Sc, Mg and Zr additions. Mater Sci Eng A 464:192–201CrossRef Naga Raju P, Srinivasa Rao K, Reddy GM, Kamaraj M, Prasad Rao K (2007) Microstructure and high temperature stability of age hardenable AA2219 aluminium alloy modified by Sc, Mg and Zr additions. Mater Sci Eng A 464:192–201CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Forbord B, Hallem H, Røyset J, Marthinsen K (2008) Thermal stability of Al3(Sc x , Zr1−x )-dispersoids in extruded aluminium alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 475:241–248CrossRef Forbord B, Hallem H, Røyset J, Marthinsen K (2008) Thermal stability of Al3(Sc x , Zr1−x )-dispersoids in extruded aluminium alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 475:241–248CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Kumar N, Mishra RS (2012) Thermal stability of friction stir processed ultrafine grained AlMgSc alloy. Mater Charact 74:1–10CrossRef Kumar N, Mishra RS (2012) Thermal stability of friction stir processed ultrafine grained AlMgSc alloy. Mater Charact 74:1–10CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Lee S, Utsunomiya A, Akamatsu H, Neishi K, Furukawa M, Horita Z, Langdon TG (2002) Influence of scandium and zirconium on grain stability and superplastic ductilities in ultrafine-grained Al–Mg alloys. Acta Mater 50:553–564CrossRef Lee S, Utsunomiya A, Akamatsu H, Neishi K, Furukawa M, Horita Z, Langdon TG (2002) Influence of scandium and zirconium on grain stability and superplastic ductilities in ultrafine-grained Al–Mg alloys. Acta Mater 50:553–564CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Ma ZY, Mishra RS, Mahoney MW (2002) Superplastic deformation behaviour of friction stir processed 7075Al alloy. Acta Mater 50:4419–4430CrossRef Ma ZY, Mishra RS, Mahoney MW (2002) Superplastic deformation behaviour of friction stir processed 7075Al alloy. Acta Mater 50:4419–4430CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Takayama Y, Tozawa T, Kato H (1999) Superplasticity and thickness of liquid phase in the vicinity of solidus temperature in a 7475 aluminum alloy. Acta Mater 47:1263–1270CrossRef Takayama Y, Tozawa T, Kato H (1999) Superplasticity and thickness of liquid phase in the vicinity of solidus temperature in a 7475 aluminum alloy. Acta Mater 47:1263–1270CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Komura S, Furukawa M, Horita Z, Nemoto M, Langdon TG (2001) Optimizing the procedure of equal-channel angular pressing for maximum superplasticity. Mater Sci Eng A 297:111–118CrossRef Komura S, Furukawa M, Horita Z, Nemoto M, Langdon TG (2001) Optimizing the procedure of equal-channel angular pressing for maximum superplasticity. Mater Sci Eng A 297:111–118CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Wang K, Liu FC, Ma ZY, Zhang FC (2011) Realization of exceptionally high elongation at high strain rate in a friction stir processed Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy with the presence of liquid phase. Scripta Mater 64:572–575CrossRef Wang K, Liu FC, Ma ZY, Zhang FC (2011) Realization of exceptionally high elongation at high strain rate in a friction stir processed Al–Zn–Mg–Cu alloy with the presence of liquid phase. Scripta Mater 64:572–575CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Sotoudeh K, Bate PS (2010) Diffusion creep and superplasticity in aluminium alloys. Acta Mater 58:1909–1920CrossRef Sotoudeh K, Bate PS (2010) Diffusion creep and superplasticity in aluminium alloys. Acta Mater 58:1909–1920CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Kim WJ, Lee BH, Lee JB, Lee MJ, Park YB (2010) Synthesis of high-strain-rate superplastic magnesium alloy sheets using a high-ratio differential speed rolling technique. Scripta Mater 63:772–775CrossRef Kim WJ, Lee BH, Lee JB, Lee MJ, Park YB (2010) Synthesis of high-strain-rate superplastic magnesium alloy sheets using a high-ratio differential speed rolling technique. Scripta Mater 63:772–775CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Mahoney MW, Rhodes CG, Flintoff JG, Bingel WH, Spurling RA (1998) Properties of friction-stir-welded 7075 T651 aluminum. Metall Mater Trans A 29:1955–1964CrossRef Mahoney MW, Rhodes CG, Flintoff JG, Bingel WH, Spurling RA (1998) Properties of friction-stir-welded 7075 T651 aluminum. Metall Mater Trans A 29:1955–1964CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Mackenzie JK (1958) Second paper on statistics associated with the random disorientataion of cubes. Biometrica 45:229–240CrossRef Mackenzie JK (1958) Second paper on statistics associated with the random disorientataion of cubes. Biometrica 45:229–240CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Liu FC, Ma ZY (2011) Superplasticity governed by effective grain size and its distribution in fine-grained alumium alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 530:548–558CrossRef Liu FC, Ma ZY (2011) Superplasticity governed by effective grain size and its distribution in fine-grained alumium alloys. Mater Sci Eng A 530:548–558CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Kaibyshev R, Musin F, Lesuer DR, Nieh TG (2003) Superplastic behavior of an Al–Mg alloy at elevated temperatures. Mater Sci Eng A 342:169–177CrossRef Kaibyshev R, Musin F, Lesuer DR, Nieh TG (2003) Superplastic behavior of an Al–Mg alloy at elevated temperatures. Mater Sci Eng A 342:169–177CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Harris KE, Singh VV, King AH (1998) Grain rotation in thin films of gold. Acta Mater 46:2623–2633CrossRef Harris KE, Singh VV, King AH (1998) Grain rotation in thin films of gold. Acta Mater 46:2623–2633CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Tengen TB, Wejrzanowski T, Iwankiewicz R, Kurzydłowski KJ (2007) Statistical model of grain growth in polycrystalline nanomaterials. Solid State Phenom 129:157–163CrossRef Tengen TB, Wejrzanowski T, Iwankiewicz R, Kurzydłowski KJ (2007) Statistical model of grain growth in polycrystalline nanomaterials. Solid State Phenom 129:157–163CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Trautt ZT, Mishin Y (2012) Grain boundary migration and grain rotation studied by molecular dynamics. Acta Mater 60:2407–2424CrossRef Trautt ZT, Mishin Y (2012) Grain boundary migration and grain rotation studied by molecular dynamics. Acta Mater 60:2407–2424CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Greenwood GW (1956) The growth of dispersed precipitates in solutions. Acta Metall 4:243–248CrossRef Greenwood GW (1956) The growth of dispersed precipitates in solutions. Acta Metall 4:243–248CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Lifshitz IM, Slyozov VV (1961) The kinetics of precipitation from supersaturated solid solutions. J Phys Chem Solids 19:35–50CrossRef Lifshitz IM, Slyozov VV (1961) The kinetics of precipitation from supersaturated solid solutions. J Phys Chem Solids 19:35–50CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Wagner CZ (1961) Theorie der Alterung von Niederschlagen durch umlosen. Elektrochem 65:581–583 Wagner CZ (1961) Theorie der Alterung von Niederschlagen durch umlosen. Elektrochem 65:581–583
31.
go back to reference Simonovic D, Sluiter MH (2009) Impurity diffusion activation energies in Al from first principles. Phys Rev B 79:054304-1–054304-12CrossRef Simonovic D, Sluiter MH (2009) Impurity diffusion activation energies in Al from first principles. Phys Rev B 79:054304-1–054304-12CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Ferry M, Hamilton NE, Humphreys FJ (2005) Continuous and discontinuous grain coarsening in a fine-grained particle-containing Al–Sc alloy. Acta Mater 53:1097–1109CrossRef Ferry M, Hamilton NE, Humphreys FJ (2005) Continuous and discontinuous grain coarsening in a fine-grained particle-containing Al–Sc alloy. Acta Mater 53:1097–1109CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Humphreys FJ, Chan HM (1996) Discontinuous and continuous annealing phenomena in aluminium–nickel alloy. Mater Sci Technol 12:143–148CrossRef Humphreys FJ, Chan HM (1996) Discontinuous and continuous annealing phenomena in aluminium–nickel alloy. Mater Sci Technol 12:143–148CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Van Swygenhoven H (2002) Grain boundaries and dislocations. Science 296:66–67CrossRef Van Swygenhoven H (2002) Grain boundaries and dislocations. Science 296:66–67CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Ma ZY, Mishra RS, Mahoney MW, Grimes R (2003) High strain rate superplasticity in friction stir processed Al–Mg–Zr alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 351:148–153CrossRef Ma ZY, Mishra RS, Mahoney MW, Grimes R (2003) High strain rate superplasticity in friction stir processed Al–Mg–Zr alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 351:148–153CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Horton CAP (1972) Some observations of grain boundary sliding in the presence of second phase particles. Acta Metall 20:477–484CrossRef Horton CAP (1972) Some observations of grain boundary sliding in the presence of second phase particles. Acta Metall 20:477–484CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Monzen R, Futakuchi M, Miura H (1993) Effect of an element addition on relaxation of elastic distortion based on particle-blocked grain boundary sliding. Scripta Metall Mater 29:563–566CrossRef Monzen R, Futakuchi M, Miura H (1993) Effect of an element addition on relaxation of elastic distortion based on particle-blocked grain boundary sliding. Scripta Metall Mater 29:563–566CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Mori T, Koda M, Monzen R, Mura T (1983) Particle blocking in grain boundary sliding and associated internal friction. Acta Metall 31:275–283CrossRef Mori T, Koda M, Monzen R, Mura T (1983) Particle blocking in grain boundary sliding and associated internal friction. Acta Metall 31:275–283CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Raj R, Ashby MF (1971) On grain boundary sliding and diffusional creep. Metall Mater Trans B 2:1113–1127CrossRef Raj R, Ashby MF (1971) On grain boundary sliding and diffusional creep. Metall Mater Trans B 2:1113–1127CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Stowell MJ (1982) In: Paton NE, Hamilton CH (eds) Superplastic forming of structural alloys. TMS-AIME, Warrendale, pp 321–336 Stowell MJ (1982) In: Paton NE, Hamilton CH (eds) Superplastic forming of structural alloys. TMS-AIME, Warrendale, pp 321–336
41.
go back to reference Liu FC, Xiao BL, Wang K, Ma ZY (2010) Investigation of superplasticity in friction stir processed 2219Al alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 527:4191–4196CrossRef Liu FC, Xiao BL, Wang K, Ma ZY (2010) Investigation of superplasticity in friction stir processed 2219Al alloy. Mater Sci Eng A 527:4191–4196CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Kaibyshev R, Sakai T, Nikulin I, Musin F, Goloborodko A (2003) Superplasticity in a 7055 aluminum alloy subjected to intense plastic deformation. Mater Sci Technol 19:1491–1497CrossRef Kaibyshev R, Sakai T, Nikulin I, Musin F, Goloborodko A (2003) Superplasticity in a 7055 aluminum alloy subjected to intense plastic deformation. Mater Sci Technol 19:1491–1497CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Nikulin I, Kaibyshev R, Sakai T (2005) Superplasticity in a 7055 aluminum alloy processed by ECAE and subsequent isothermal rolling. Materi Sci Eng A 407:62–70CrossRef Nikulin I, Kaibyshev R, Sakai T (2005) Superplasticity in a 7055 aluminum alloy processed by ECAE and subsequent isothermal rolling. Materi Sci Eng A 407:62–70CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Mishra RS, Mahoney MW, McFadden SX, Mara NA, Mukherjee AK (1999) High strain rate superplasticity in a friction stir processed 7075 Al alloy. Scripta Mater 42:163–168CrossRef Mishra RS, Mahoney MW, McFadden SX, Mara NA, Mukherjee AK (1999) High strain rate superplasticity in a friction stir processed 7075 Al alloy. Scripta Mater 42:163–168CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Johannes LB, Mishra RS (2007) Multiple passes of friction stir processing for the creation of superplastic 7075 aluminum. Mater Sci Eng A 464:255–260CrossRef Johannes LB, Mishra RS (2007) Multiple passes of friction stir processing for the creation of superplastic 7075 aluminum. Mater Sci Eng A 464:255–260CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Effects of heating rates on microstructure and superplastic behavior of friction stir processed 7075 aluminum alloy
Authors
K. Wang
F. C. Liu
P. Xue
B. L. Xiao
Z. Y. Ma
Publication date
01-01-2015
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Materials Science / Issue 2/2015
Print ISSN: 0022-2461
Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-014-8660-y

Other articles of this Issue 2/2015

Journal of Materials Science 2/2015 Go to the issue

Premium Partners