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01-06-2012 | Original Paper

Effects of hydrolysis conditions on the morphology, crystallinity, and thermal stability of cellulose nanocrystals extracted from kenaf bast fibers

Authors: Hanieh Kargarzadeh, Ishak Ahmad, Ibrahim Abdullah, Alain Dufresne, Siti Yasmine Zainudin, Rasha M. Sheltami

Published in: Cellulose | Issue 3/2012

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Abstract

Cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) were first isolated from kenaf bast fibers and then characterized. The raw fibers were subjected to alkali treatment and bleaching treatment and subsequent hydrolysis with sulfuric acid. The influence of the reaction time on the morphology, crystallinity, and thermal stability of CNC was investigated. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed that lignin and hemicellulose were almost entirely removed during the alkali and bleaching treatments. The morphology and dimensions of the fibers and acid-released CNC were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. X-Ray diffraction analysis revealed that the crystallinity first increases upon hydrolysis and then decreases after long durations of hydrolysis. The optimal extraction time was found to be around 40 min during hydrolysis at 45 °C with 65% sulfuric acid. The thermal stability was found to decrease as the hydrolysis time increased. The electrophoretic mobility of the CNC suspensions was measured using the zeta potential, and it ranged from −8.7 to −95.3 mV.

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Title: Effects of hydrolysis conditions on the morphology, crystallinity, and thermal stability of cellulose nanocrystals extracted from kenaf bast fibers
Authors: Hanieh Kargarzadeh
Ishak Ahmad
Ibrahim Abdullah
Alain Dufresne
Siti Yasmine Zainudin
Rasha M. Sheltami
Publication date: 01-06-2012
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Published in: Cellulose / Issue 3/2012
Print ISSN: 0969-0239
Electronic ISSN: 1572-882X
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-012-9684-6

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