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2011 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

4. Electromagnetic Images of the South and Central American Subduction Zones

Author : Heinrich Brasse

Published in: The Earth's Magnetic Interior

Publisher: Springer Netherlands

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Abstract

Current and fossil plate margins offer some of the most rewarding targets for geophysical studies. Particularly, the fluid/melt cycle in subduction zones continues to be of major interest for seismological as well as deep electromagnetic (EM), specifically magnetotelluric investigations. In this contribution we describe a number of experiments which have been conducted in several ocean-continent convergence zones around the world, with a focus on the Andes and Central America, respectively. Zones of potentially high electrical conductivity range from bending-related faulting near the outer rise, the subduction channel at the tip of the continental plate, the dehydration-hydration cycles in and above the downgoing plate, the assumed melting of the asthenospheric wedge to the rise of melts toward the volcanic arc and the magma chambers beneath the volcano edifices. Further targets include fault zones in the forearc, accommodating tensional stress, as well as hydrothermal and mineral deposits, to mention a few. The following chapters emphasize on a variety of structures along continental margins and show the potential of deep EM in this geodynamic setting.

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previous chapter Regional Electromagnetic Induction Studies Using Long Period Geomagnetic Variations

next chapter Joint Inversion of Seismic and MT Data – An Example from Southern Granulite Terrain, India

Hybrid cases are the so-called VLF (very low frequency) and RMT (radio magnetotelluric) methods which use the radiation from distant transmitters for communication with submarines and LF radio stations, respectively.

If the spatial structure of the field is known, an extension of the methods described above may be used to estimate conductivity of the Earth.

The impedance is defined here via the magnetic induction B as is common in MT, yielding an unit of m/s. By replacing induction B with the magnetic field H the expected unit of Ω is obtained.

Although the term vector is often used (also in this text), note that, for coupled anomalies the “vectors” can’t simply be added (Siemon 1997).

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Title: Electromagnetic Images of the South and Central American Subduction Zones
Author: Heinrich Brasse
Publisher: Springer Netherlands
Book: The Earth's Magnetic Interior
Print ISBN: 978-94-007-0322-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-94-007-0323-0

Copyright Year: 2011
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-0323-0_4