Exploration of Trigonal Patch Antenna Characteristics with the Impact of 2D Photonic Crystal of Various Air Hole Shapes

The terahertz (THz) band contributes significantly to high-speed data rates in short-distance communication. This article proposes a unique design of the trigonal microstrip patch antenna on photonic crystal (PhC) substrate in THz communication. The PhC design structure employs unique air-hole shapes such as L, H, T, I and upturned L instead of regular periodic latitude holes. The proposed antenna substrate uses Rogers RO4350 material, which helps to attain high gain and almost negligible return loss at THz frequency. The antenna performance is investigated with different PhC air-hole shapes. The I-shaped air-hole PhC antenna offered a meager return loss of − 58.99 dB with a high gain of 9.1 dB and directivity of 10.7 dBi. The CST studio tool helps to simulate the parametric analysis of the proposed antenna design. This compact PhC antenna structure is apt for wireless communication, particularly in THz applications.