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Published in: Landscape and Ecological Engineering 3/2020

10-02-2020 | Special Feature: Original Paper

Flood mitigation function of rain gardens for management of urban storm runoff in Japan

Authors: Linying Zhang, Yui Oyake, Yukihiro Morimoto, Hideyuki Niwa, Shozo Shibata

Published in: Landscape and Ecological Engineering | Issue 3/2020

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Abstract

Urban waterlogging stems from coverage with impervious surfaces and increasing rainfall intensity from climate change and variability, meaning that storm water cannot readily infiltrate the ground and excessive surface runoff leads to urban flooding. To reduce related environmental and safety risks, rainfall and groundwater level research was carried out in Kyoto Prefecture with two rain gardens (RG1 and RG2) to investigate flood mitigation functions using a tank model. During the 134 days of monitoring from July 14, 2017, to November 25, 2017, RG1 had seven overflow events with an average runoff control ratio of 63.94%, and RG2 had one event with a ratio of 95.97%. The RG1 tank model (two stages) showed that initial storage for the first and second depths was 6.912 × 10−11 and 0 mm, respectively. The heights of the discharge holes were 20.857 and 0.784 mm for the first stage and 0.659 mm for the second stage, and the discharge hole coefficients were 0.529 and 0.002 for the first stage and 0.004 for the second stage. The results showed that RG1 had penetration hole coefficients of 0.138 (first stage) and 0.254 (second stage), with a water balance error of 0.017 (< 0.02) and a Nash–Sutcliffe efficiency coefficient of 0.922, indicating better reliability and quality than RG2 with the one-stage tank model. Peak flow simulation for mitigation showed that RG1 had a high overflow control ratio (mitigation time 2 h for instant rainfall of 100 mm/h), and can therefore be considered appropriate for other urban areas of Japan.

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Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
go back to reference Prince George’s County (1993) Design manual for use of bioretention in stormwater management. Prince George’s County (MD) Government, Department of Environmental Protection. Watershed Protection Branch, Landover, MD Prince George’s County (1993) Design manual for use of bioretention in stormwater management. Prince George’s County (MD) Government, Department of Environmental Protection. Watershed Protection Branch, Landover, MD
go back to reference Shiozawa S, Tsuji H (2014) Index for comparing flood mitigation capacity of watersheds: peak discharge relaxation time. J Jpn Soc Hydrol Water Resour 27(3):116–124CrossRef Shiozawa S, Tsuji H (2014) Index for comparing flood mitigation capacity of watersheds: peak discharge relaxation time. J Jpn Soc Hydrol Water Resour 27(3):116–124CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Flood mitigation function of rain gardens for management of urban storm runoff in Japan
Authors
Linying Zhang
Yui Oyake
Yukihiro Morimoto
Hideyuki Niwa
Shozo Shibata
Publication date
10-02-2020
Publisher
Springer Japan
Published in
Landscape and Ecological Engineering / Issue 3/2020
Print ISSN: 1860-1871
Electronic ISSN: 1860-188X
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11355-020-00409-8

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