Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Materials Science 4/2019

24-10-2018 | Electronic materials

Highly selective metal–organic framework-based sensor for protamine through photoinduced electron transfer

Authors: Fei Qu, Xiaonan Li, Xiaoxia Lv, Jinmao You, Wenli Han

Published in: Journal of Materials Science | Issue 4/2019

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Photoinduced electron transfer (PET) has been used as reporter in the field of photoluminescence sensors and switches, and intermolecular PET is believed to be responsible for fluorescence quenching. Herein, the emissions of Tb-MOF can be quenched effectively by protamine based on PET. Compared with conventional electrostatic attraction mechanism, this approach suffers less interference from other charged substances and has a broader linear range of protamine from 3 to 5000 ng/mL with limit of detection (LOD) 1.21 ng/mL. Subsequently, the strong binding effect of protamine toward Hep ascribed to electrostatic attraction hinders the interaction between Tb-MOF and protamine, resulting in the high emissions of framework. The detection of Hep also shows a good linear range from 0.5 to 5 μM with LOD 0.27 μM. Finally, this novel probe is also successfully applied to the determination of protamine and Hep in human serum with satisfactory results.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
1.
go back to reference Wang C, Tang S, Lv X, Li L, Zhao X (2014) Zinc metal–organic frameworks based on a flexible benzylaminetetracarboxylic acid and bipyridine colinkers. Eur J Inorg Chem 19:3133–3139CrossRef Wang C, Tang S, Lv X, Li L, Zhao X (2014) Zinc metal–organic frameworks based on a flexible benzylaminetetracarboxylic acid and bipyridine colinkers. Eur J Inorg Chem 19:3133–3139CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Gándara F, Furukawa H, Lee S, Yaghi OM (2014) High methane storage capacity in aluminum metal–organic frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 136(14):5271–5274CrossRef Gándara F, Furukawa H, Lee S, Yaghi OM (2014) High methane storage capacity in aluminum metal–organic frameworks. J Am Chem Soc 136(14):5271–5274CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Sadakiyo M, Yamada T, Kato K, Takata M, Kitagawa H (2016) A significant change in selective adsorption behaviour for ethanol by flexibility control through the type of central metals in a metal–organic framework. Chem Sci 7(2):1349–1356CrossRef Sadakiyo M, Yamada T, Kato K, Takata M, Kitagawa H (2016) A significant change in selective adsorption behaviour for ethanol by flexibility control through the type of central metals in a metal–organic framework. Chem Sci 7(2):1349–1356CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Fei H, Cohen SM (2015) Metalation of a thiocatechol-functionalized Zr(IV)-based metal–organic framework for selective C–H functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 137(6):2191–2194CrossRef Fei H, Cohen SM (2015) Metalation of a thiocatechol-functionalized Zr(IV)-based metal–organic framework for selective C–H functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 137(6):2191–2194CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Acharyya K, Mukherjee PS (2014) A fluorescent organic cage for picric acid detection. Chem Commun 50(99):15788–15791CrossRef Acharyya K, Mukherjee PS (2014) A fluorescent organic cage for picric acid detection. Chem Commun 50(99):15788–15791CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Zheng H, Zhang Y, Liu L, Wan W, Guo P, Nyström AM, Zou X (2016) One-pot synthesis of metal–organic frameworks with encapsulated target molecules and their applications for controlled drug delivery. J Am Chem Soc 138(3):962–968CrossRef Zheng H, Zhang Y, Liu L, Wan W, Guo P, Nyström AM, Zou X (2016) One-pot synthesis of metal–organic frameworks with encapsulated target molecules and their applications for controlled drug delivery. J Am Chem Soc 138(3):962–968CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Hu Z, Deibert BJ, Li J (2014) Luminescent metal–organic frameworks for chemical sensing and explosive detection. Chem Soc Rev 43(16):5815–5840CrossRef Hu Z, Deibert BJ, Li J (2014) Luminescent metal–organic frameworks for chemical sensing and explosive detection. Chem Soc Rev 43(16):5815–5840CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Cui Y, Yue Y, Qian G, Chen B (2011) Luminescent functional metal–organic frameworks. Chem Rev 112(2):1126–1162CrossRef Cui Y, Yue Y, Qian G, Chen B (2011) Luminescent functional metal–organic frameworks. Chem Rev 112(2):1126–1162CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Scattergood PA, Delor M, Sazanovich IV, Bouganov OV, Tikhomirov SA, Stasheuski AS, Meijer AJ (2014) Electron transfer dynamics and excited state branching in a charge-transfer platinum(II) donor–bridge–acceptor assembly. Dalton Trans 43(47):17677–17693CrossRef Scattergood PA, Delor M, Sazanovich IV, Bouganov OV, Tikhomirov SA, Stasheuski AS, Meijer AJ (2014) Electron transfer dynamics and excited state branching in a charge-transfer platinum(II) donor–bridge–acceptor assembly. Dalton Trans 43(47):17677–17693CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Zhang SR, Du DY, Qin JS et al (2014) A fluorescent sensor for highly selective detection of nitroaromatic explosives based on a 2D, extremely stable, metal–organic framework. Chem Eur J 20(13):3589–3594CrossRef Zhang SR, Du DY, Qin JS et al (2014) A fluorescent sensor for highly selective detection of nitroaromatic explosives based on a 2D, extremely stable, metal–organic framework. Chem Eur J 20(13):3589–3594CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Zhang F, Wang Y, Chu T, Wang Z, Li W, Yang Y (2016) A facile fabrication of electrodeposited luminescent MOF thin films for selective and recyclable sensing of nitroaromatic explosives. Analyst 141(14):4502–4510CrossRef Zhang F, Wang Y, Chu T, Wang Z, Li W, Yang Y (2016) A facile fabrication of electrodeposited luminescent MOF thin films for selective and recyclable sensing of nitroaromatic explosives. Analyst 141(14):4502–4510CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Qin JH, Ma B, Liu XF, Lu HL, Dong XY, Zang SQ, Hou H (2015) Ionic liquid directed syntheses of water-stable Eu—and Tb–organic-frameworks for aqueous-phase detection of nitroaromatic explosives. Dalton Trans 44(33):14594–14603CrossRef Qin JH, Ma B, Liu XF, Lu HL, Dong XY, Zang SQ, Hou H (2015) Ionic liquid directed syntheses of water-stable Eu—and Tb–organic-frameworks for aqueous-phase detection of nitroaromatic explosives. Dalton Trans 44(33):14594–14603CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Vasimalai N, John SA (2013) Aggregation and de-aggregation of gold nanoparticles induced by polyionic drugs: spectrofluorimetric determination of picogram amounts of protamine and heparin drugs in the presence of 1000-fold concentration of major interferences. J Mater Chem B 1(41):5620–5627CrossRef Vasimalai N, John SA (2013) Aggregation and de-aggregation of gold nanoparticles induced by polyionic drugs: spectrofluorimetric determination of picogram amounts of protamine and heparin drugs in the presence of 1000-fold concentration of major interferences. J Mater Chem B 1(41):5620–5627CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Jena BK, Raj CR (2008) Optical sensing of biomedically important polyionic drugs using nano-sized gold particles. Biosens Bioelectron 23(8):1285–1290CrossRef Jena BK, Raj CR (2008) Optical sensing of biomedically important polyionic drugs using nano-sized gold particles. Biosens Bioelectron 23(8):1285–1290CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Wakefield TW, Hantler CB, Lindblad B, Whitehouse WM Jr, Stanley JC (1986) Protamine pretreatment attenuation of hemodynamic and hematologic effects of heparin–protamine interaction: a prospective randomized study in human beings undergoing aortic reconstructive surgery. J Vasc Surg 3(6):885–889CrossRef Wakefield TW, Hantler CB, Lindblad B, Whitehouse WM Jr, Stanley JC (1986) Protamine pretreatment attenuation of hemodynamic and hematologic effects of heparin–protamine interaction: a prospective randomized study in human beings undergoing aortic reconstructive surgery. J Vasc Surg 3(6):885–889CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Meistrich ML, Mohapatra B, Shirley CR, Zhao M (2003) Roles of transition nuclear proteins in spermiogenesis. Chromosoma 111(8):483–488CrossRef Meistrich ML, Mohapatra B, Shirley CR, Zhao M (2003) Roles of transition nuclear proteins in spermiogenesis. Chromosoma 111(8):483–488CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Chu YQ, Cai LJ, Jiang DC, Jia D, Yan SY, Wang YQ (2010) Allergic shock and death associated with protamine administration in a diabetic patient. Clin Ther 32(10):1729–1732CrossRef Chu YQ, Cai LJ, Jiang DC, Jia D, Yan SY, Wang YQ (2010) Allergic shock and death associated with protamine administration in a diabetic patient. Clin Ther 32(10):1729–1732CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Sorgi FL, Bhattacharya S, Huang L (1997) Protamine sulfate enhances lipid-mediated gene transfer. Gene Ther 4(9):961–968CrossRef Sorgi FL, Bhattacharya S, Huang L (1997) Protamine sulfate enhances lipid-mediated gene transfer. Gene Ther 4(9):961–968CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Vidya R, Saji A (2018) Naked eye detection of infertility based on sperm protamine-induced aggregation of heparin gold nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 410(13):3053–3058CrossRef Vidya R, Saji A (2018) Naked eye detection of infertility based on sperm protamine-induced aggregation of heparin gold nanoparticles. Anal Bioanal Chem 410(13):3053–3058CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Ensafi AA, Kazemifard N, Rezaei B (2015) A simple and rapid label-free fluorimetric biosensor for protamine detection based on glutathione-capped CdTe quantum dots aggregation. Biosens Bioelectron 71:243–248CrossRef Ensafi AA, Kazemifard N, Rezaei B (2015) A simple and rapid label-free fluorimetric biosensor for protamine detection based on glutathione-capped CdTe quantum dots aggregation. Biosens Bioelectron 71:243–248CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Long Q, Zhao J, Yin B, Li H, Zhang Y, Yao S (2015) A novel label-free upconversion fluorescence resonance energy transfer-nanosensor for ultrasensitive detection of protamine and heparin. Anal Biochem 477:28–34CrossRef Long Q, Zhao J, Yin B, Li H, Zhang Y, Yao S (2015) A novel label-free upconversion fluorescence resonance energy transfer-nanosensor for ultrasensitive detection of protamine and heparin. Anal Biochem 477:28–34CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Peng X, Long Q, Li H, Zhang Y, Yao S (2015) “Turn on-off” fluorescent sensor for protamine and heparin based on label-free silicon quantum dots coupled with gold nanoparticles. Sens Actuators B Chem 213:131–138CrossRef Peng X, Long Q, Li H, Zhang Y, Yao S (2015) “Turn on-off” fluorescent sensor for protamine and heparin based on label-free silicon quantum dots coupled with gold nanoparticles. Sens Actuators B Chem 213:131–138CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Zhao J, Yi Y, Mi N, Yin B, Wei M, Chen Q, Yao S (2013) Gold nanoparticle coupled with fluorophore for ultrasensitive detection of protamine and heparin. Talanta 116:951–957CrossRef Zhao J, Yi Y, Mi N, Yin B, Wei M, Chen Q, Yao S (2013) Gold nanoparticle coupled with fluorophore for ultrasensitive detection of protamine and heparin. Talanta 116:951–957CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Pang S, Liu S, Su X (2014) A fluorescence assay for the trace detection of protamine and heparin. RSC Adv 4(49):25857–25862CrossRef Pang S, Liu S, Su X (2014) A fluorescence assay for the trace detection of protamine and heparin. RSC Adv 4(49):25857–25862CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Song Z, Hong Y, Kwok RT, Lam JW, Liu B, Tang BZ (2014) A dual-mode fluorescence “turn-on” biosensor based on an aggregation-induced emission luminogen. J Mater Chem B 2(12):1717–1723CrossRef Song Z, Hong Y, Kwok RT, Lam JW, Liu B, Tang BZ (2014) A dual-mode fluorescence “turn-on” biosensor based on an aggregation-induced emission luminogen. J Mater Chem B 2(12):1717–1723CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Chen XT, Xiang Y, Li N, Song PS, Tong AJ (2010) Fluorescence turn-on detection of protamine based on aggregation-induced emission enhancement characteristics of 4-(6′-carboxyl) hexyloxysalicylaldehyde azine. Analyst 135(5):1098–1105CrossRef Chen XT, Xiang Y, Li N, Song PS, Tong AJ (2010) Fluorescence turn-on detection of protamine based on aggregation-induced emission enhancement characteristics of 4-(6′-carboxyl) hexyloxysalicylaldehyde azine. Analyst 135(5):1098–1105CrossRef
27.
go back to reference Guan G, Sha J, Zhu D (2017) Heparin-MPA dual modified CdS quantum dots used as a simple and rapid label-free fluorescent sensor for protamine and hemin detection. Microchem J 133:391–397CrossRef Guan G, Sha J, Zhu D (2017) Heparin-MPA dual modified CdS quantum dots used as a simple and rapid label-free fluorescent sensor for protamine and hemin detection. Microchem J 133:391–397CrossRef
28.
go back to reference Zhang Z, Miao Y, Zhang Q, Yan G (2015) Facile and sensitive detection of protamine by enhanced room-temperature phosphorescence of Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots. Anal Biochem 478:90–95CrossRef Zhang Z, Miao Y, Zhang Q, Yan G (2015) Facile and sensitive detection of protamine by enhanced room-temperature phosphorescence of Mn-doped ZnS quantum dots. Anal Biochem 478:90–95CrossRef
29.
go back to reference Tang B, Yang Y, Wang G, Yao Z, Zhang L, Wu HC (2015) A simple fluorescent probe based on a pyrene derivative for rapid detection of protamine and monitoring of trypsin activity. Org Biomol Chem 13(32):8708–8712CrossRef Tang B, Yang Y, Wang G, Yao Z, Zhang L, Wu HC (2015) A simple fluorescent probe based on a pyrene derivative for rapid detection of protamine and monitoring of trypsin activity. Org Biomol Chem 13(32):8708–8712CrossRef
30.
go back to reference Yang ZR, Wang MM, Wang XS, Yin XB (2017) Boric-acid-functional lanthanide metal–organic frameworks for selective ratiometric fluorescence detection of fluoride ions. Anal Chem 89(3):1930–1936CrossRef Yang ZR, Wang MM, Wang XS, Yin XB (2017) Boric-acid-functional lanthanide metal–organic frameworks for selective ratiometric fluorescence detection of fluoride ions. Anal Chem 89(3):1930–1936CrossRef
31.
go back to reference Xiang L, Jingyan W, Qingyuan L, Jiang S, Zhang T, Shengfu JI (2014) Synthesis of rare earth metal–organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) and their properties of adsorption desulfurization. J Rare Earths 32(2):189–194CrossRef Xiang L, Jingyan W, Qingyuan L, Jiang S, Zhang T, Shengfu JI (2014) Synthesis of rare earth metal–organic frameworks (Ln-MOFs) and their properties of adsorption desulfurization. J Rare Earths 32(2):189–194CrossRef
32.
go back to reference Gao B, Fang L, Men J (2012) Studies on preparation, structure and fluorescence emission of polymer-rare earth complexes composed of aryl carboxylic acid-functionalized polystyrene and Tb(III) ion. Polymer 53(21):4709–4717CrossRef Gao B, Fang L, Men J (2012) Studies on preparation, structure and fluorescence emission of polymer-rare earth complexes composed of aryl carboxylic acid-functionalized polystyrene and Tb(III) ion. Polymer 53(21):4709–4717CrossRef
33.
go back to reference Meng F, Fang Z, Li Z, Xu W, Wang M, Liu Y, Guo X (2013) Porous Co3O4 materials prepared by solid-state thermolysis of a novel Co-MOF crystal and their superior energy storage performances for supercapacitors. J Mater Chem A 1(24):7235–7241CrossRef Meng F, Fang Z, Li Z, Xu W, Wang M, Liu Y, Guo X (2013) Porous Co3O4 materials prepared by solid-state thermolysis of a novel Co-MOF crystal and their superior energy storage performances for supercapacitors. J Mater Chem A 1(24):7235–7241CrossRef
34.
go back to reference Li H, Shi W, Zhao K, Niu Z, Li H, Cheng P (2013) Highly selective sorption and luminescent sensing of small molecules demonstrated in a multifunctional lanthanide microporous metal-organic framework containing 1D honeycomb—type channels. Chem Eur J 19(10):3358–3365CrossRef Li H, Shi W, Zhao K, Niu Z, Li H, Cheng P (2013) Highly selective sorption and luminescent sensing of small molecules demonstrated in a multifunctional lanthanide microporous metal-organic framework containing 1D honeycomb—type channels. Chem Eur J 19(10):3358–3365CrossRef
35.
go back to reference Escudero D (2016) Revising intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (pet) from first-principles. Acc Chem Res 49(9):1816–1824CrossRef Escudero D (2016) Revising intramolecular photoinduced electron transfer (pet) from first-principles. Acc Chem Res 49(9):1816–1824CrossRef
36.
go back to reference Lu S, Wang S, Zhao J, Sun J, Yang X (2017) Fluorescence light-up biosensor for MicroRNA based on the distance-dependent Photoinduced electron transfer. Anal Chem 89(16):8429–8436CrossRef Lu S, Wang S, Zhao J, Sun J, Yang X (2017) Fluorescence light-up biosensor for MicroRNA based on the distance-dependent Photoinduced electron transfer. Anal Chem 89(16):8429–8436CrossRef
37.
go back to reference Zhang L, Zhu J, Guo S, Li T, Li J, Wang E (2013) Photoinduced electron transfer of DNA/Ag nanoclusters modulated by G-quadruplex/hemin complex for the construction of versatile biosensors. J Am Chem Soc 135(7):2403–2406CrossRef Zhang L, Zhu J, Guo S, Li T, Li J, Wang E (2013) Photoinduced electron transfer of DNA/Ag nanoclusters modulated by G-quadruplex/hemin complex for the construction of versatile biosensors. J Am Chem Soc 135(7):2403–2406CrossRef
38.
go back to reference Liang Y, Wu Y, Feng D, Tsai ST, Son HJ, Li G, Yu L (2008) Development of new semiconducting polymers for high performance solar cells. J Am Chem Soc 131(1):56–57CrossRef Liang Y, Wu Y, Feng D, Tsai ST, Son HJ, Li G, Yu L (2008) Development of new semiconducting polymers for high performance solar cells. J Am Chem Soc 131(1):56–57CrossRef
39.
go back to reference Jo WJ, Nelson JT, Chang S, Bulović V, Gradečak S, Strano MS, Gleason KK (2016) Oxidative chemical vapor deposition of neutral hole transporting polymer for enhanced solar cell efficiency and lifetime. Adv Mater 28(30):6399–6404CrossRef Jo WJ, Nelson JT, Chang S, Bulović V, Gradečak S, Strano MS, Gleason KK (2016) Oxidative chemical vapor deposition of neutral hole transporting polymer for enhanced solar cell efficiency and lifetime. Adv Mater 28(30):6399–6404CrossRef
40.
go back to reference Fan YZ, Zhang Y, Li N, Liu SG, Liu T, Li NB, Luo HQ (2017) A facile synthesis of water-soluble carbon dots as a label-free fluorescent probe for rapid, selective and sensitive detection of picric acid. Sens Actuators B Chem 240:949–955CrossRef Fan YZ, Zhang Y, Li N, Liu SG, Liu T, Li NB, Luo HQ (2017) A facile synthesis of water-soluble carbon dots as a label-free fluorescent probe for rapid, selective and sensitive detection of picric acid. Sens Actuators B Chem 240:949–955CrossRef
41.
go back to reference Xia T, Zhu F, Jiang K, Cui Y, Yang Y, Qian G (2017) A luminescent ratiometric pH sensor based on a nanoscale and biocompatible Eu/Tb-mixed MOF. Dalton Trans 46(23):7549–7555CrossRef Xia T, Zhu F, Jiang K, Cui Y, Yang Y, Qian G (2017) A luminescent ratiometric pH sensor based on a nanoscale and biocompatible Eu/Tb-mixed MOF. Dalton Trans 46(23):7549–7555CrossRef
42.
go back to reference Rao H, Ge H, Wang X, Zhang Z, Liu X, Yang Y, Wang Y (2017) Colorimetric and fluorometric detection of protamine by using a dual-mode probe consisting of carbon quantum dots and gold nanoparticles. Microchim Acta 184(8):3017–3025CrossRef Rao H, Ge H, Wang X, Zhang Z, Liu X, Yang Y, Wang Y (2017) Colorimetric and fluorometric detection of protamine by using a dual-mode probe consisting of carbon quantum dots and gold nanoparticles. Microchim Acta 184(8):3017–3025CrossRef
43.
go back to reference Capila I, Linhardt RJ (2002) Heparin–protein interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed 41(3):390–412CrossRef Capila I, Linhardt RJ (2002) Heparin–protein interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed 41(3):390–412CrossRef
44.
go back to reference Whitelock JM, Iozzo RV (2005) Heparan sulfate: a complex polymer charged with biological activity. Chem Rev 105(7):2745–2764CrossRef Whitelock JM, Iozzo RV (2005) Heparan sulfate: a complex polymer charged with biological activity. Chem Rev 105(7):2745–2764CrossRef
45.
go back to reference Gunay NS, Linhardt RJ (1999) Heparinoids: structure, biological activities and therapeutic applications. Planta Med 65(4):301–306CrossRef Gunay NS, Linhardt RJ (1999) Heparinoids: structure, biological activities and therapeutic applications. Planta Med 65(4):301–306CrossRef
46.
go back to reference García-Gutiérrez YS, Huerta-Aguilar CA, Thangarasu P, Vázquez-Ramos JM (2017) Ciprofloxacin as chemosensor for simultaneous recognition of Al3+ and Cu2+ by logic gates supported fluorescence: application to bio-imaging for living cells. Sens Actuators B Chem 248:447–459CrossRef García-Gutiérrez YS, Huerta-Aguilar CA, Thangarasu P, Vázquez-Ramos JM (2017) Ciprofloxacin as chemosensor for simultaneous recognition of Al3+ and Cu2+ by logic gates supported fluorescence: application to bio-imaging for living cells. Sens Actuators B Chem 248:447–459CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Highly selective metal–organic framework-based sensor for protamine through photoinduced electron transfer
Authors
Fei Qu
Xiaonan Li
Xiaoxia Lv
Jinmao You
Wenli Han
Publication date
24-10-2018
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Materials Science / Issue 4/2019
Print ISSN: 0022-2461
Electronic ISSN: 1573-4803
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-018-3041-6

Other articles of this Issue 4/2019

Journal of Materials Science 4/2019 Go to the issue

Premium Partners