Top

Wood Science and Technology

Published in:

12-09-2018 | Original

How does phosphoric acid interact with cherry stones? A discussion on overlooked aspects of chemical activation

Authors: J. M. González-Domínguez, M. C. Fernández-González, M. Alexandre-Franco, V. Gómez-Serrano

Published in: Wood Science and Technology | Issue 6/2018

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

The fabrication of activated carbon (AC) is widely carried out by the so-called chemical activation method, in which the biomass substratum is put in touch with an impregnating chemical agent prior to the carbonization stage. Even though this methodology is known for a long time, there are many features that are still poorly understood, particularly those regarding the details of the underlying mechanisms involved during the interaction of the activating agent with the precursor, eventually leading to the development of AC. Previous research conducted in the laboratories dealt with the use of cherry stones (CS) and phosphoric acid, toward ACs with tailored porous structures, finding out that the experimental variables of the impregnation stage were crucial for their eventual characteristics. Thus, the results obtained at that time deserved further discussion, with the aim at unraveling the true nature of those findings. With such purpose, the authors comment further on the CS and H₃PO₄ in non-conventional impregnation methodologies, performed in the previous works. Four series of H₃PO₄-impregnated products were prepared in a previous research, using a wide range of impregnation strategies, aiming at controlling the loading of H₃PO₄ on the lignocellulosic substratum. Herein, with the mass uptake as the main, it was possible to link the uptake with the chemical changes of H₃PO₄ in agreement with essential chemistry knowledge. Mass gain is strongly dependent on the impregnation method, and interesting insights arise on the basis of the mass changes of CS after impregnation.

previous article Wood polymer nanocomposites from functionalized soybean oil and nanoclay

next article Effects of heat treatments on photoaging properties of Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys pubescens Mazel)

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Agbor VB, Cicek N, Sparling R, Berlin A, Levin DB (2011) Biomass pretreatment: fundamentals toward application. Biotechnol Adv 29:675–685. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.05.005 CrossRefPubMed

Bajpai P (2016) Pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuel production, Chapter 2. Springer, SingaporeCrossRef

Baquero MC, Giraldo L, Moreno JC, Suárez-García F, Martínez-Alonso A, Tascón JMD (2003) Activated carbons by pyrolysis of coffee bean husks in presence of phosphoric acid. J Anal Appl Pyrol 70:779–784. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2370(02)00180-8 CrossRef

Boerjan W, Ralph J, Baucher M (2003) Lignin biosynthesis. Ann Rev Plant Biol 54:519–546. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.arplant.54.031902.134938 CrossRef

Boerstoel H, Maatman H, Picken SJ, Remmers R, Westering JB (2001) Liquid crystalline solutions of cellulose acetate in phosphoric acid. Polymer 42:7363–7369. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0032-3861(01)00209-9 CrossRef

Bouchelta C, Medjram MS, Bertrand O, Bellat J-P (2008) Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from date stones by physical activation with steam. J Anal Appl Pyrol 82:70–77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2007.12.009 CrossRef

Brown EH, Whitt CD (1952) Vapor pressure of phosphoric acid. Ind Eng Chem 44:610–615. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie50507a050 CrossRef

Carvalho W, Silva SS, Converti A, Vitolo M, Felipe MGA, Roberto IC, Silva MB, Manchilha IM (2002) Used of immobilized Candida yeast cells for xylitol production from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 98–100:489–496. https://doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:98-100:1-9:489 CrossRefPubMed

Chávez-Sifontes M, Domine ME (2013) Lignin, structure and applications: depolymerization methods for obtaining aromatic derivatives of industrial interest. Adv Ciencias e Ingeniería 4:15–46

Danish M, Ahmad T (2018) A review on utilization of wood biomass as a sustainable precursor for activated carbon production and application. Renewable Sustainable Energ Rev 87:1–21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rser.2018.02.003 CrossRef

Danish M, Hashim R, Ibrahim MNM, Sulaiman O (2014) Optimization study for preparation of activated carbon from Acacia mangium wood using phosphoric acid. Wood Sci Technol 48:1069–1083. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-014-0647-y CrossRef

Danish M, Khanday WA, Hashim R, Sulaiman NSB, Akhtar MN, Nizami M (2017) Application of optimized large surface area date stone (Phoenix dactylifera) activated carbon for rhodamin B removal from aqueous solution: Box–Behnken design approach. Ecotoxicol Environ Safety 139:280–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.02.001 CrossRefPubMed

Dardick C, Callahan AM (2014) Evolution of the fruit endocarp: molecular mechanisms underlying adaptations in seed protection and dispersal strategies. Front Plant Sci 5:284. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2014.00284 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dardick CD, Callahan AM, Chiozzotto R, Schaffer RJ, Plagnani MC (2010) Stone formation in peach fruit exhibits spatial coordination of the lignin and flavonid pathways and similarity to Arabidopsis dehiscence. BMC Biol 8:13. https://doi.org/10.1186/1741-7007-8-13 CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Dobele G, Dizhbite T, Rossinskaja G, Telysheva G, Mier D, Radtke S, Faix O (2003) Pre-treatment of biomass with phosphoric acid prior to fast pyrolysis–a promising method for obtaining 1,6-anhydrosaccharides in high yields. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 68–9:197–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2370(03)00063-9 CrossRef

Doménech X (1998) Química de la hidrosfera (Hydrosphere chemistry), 2nd edn. Miraguano Ediciones, Madrid

Durán-Valle CJ, Gómez-Corzo M, Pastor-Villegas J, Gómez-Serrano V (2005) Study of cherry stones as raw matrial in preparation of carbonaceous adsorbents. J Anal Appl Pyrolysis 73:59–67. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2004.10.004 CrossRef

Ek M, Gellerstedt G, Henriksson G (2009) Wood chemistry and biotechnology. In: Ek M, Gellerstedt G, Henriksson G (eds) Pulp and paper chemistry and technology. Wood chemistry and wood biotechnology. Walter de Gruyter, BerlinCrossRef

Esteghlalian AR, Bilodeau M, Mansfield SD, Saddler SN (2001) Do enzymatic hydrolyzability and Simons´stain reflect the changes in the accessibility of lignocellulosic substrates to cellulase enzymes? Biotechnol Progr 17:1049–1054. https://doi.org/10.1186/1754-6834-4-3 CrossRef

Fierro V, Torné-Fernández V, Montané D, Celzard A (2005) Study of the decomposition of kraft lignin impregnated with orthophosphoric acid. Thermochim Acta 433:142–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tca.2005.02.026 CrossRef

Gámez S, Ramírez JA, Garrote G, Vázquez MV (2004) Manufacture of fermentable sugar solutions from sugar cane bagasse hydrolyzed with phosphoric acid at atmospheric pressure. J Agric Food Chem 52:4172–4177. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf035456p CrossRefPubMed

Gámez S, González-Cabriales JJ, Ramírez JA, Garrote G, Vázquez M (2006) Study of the hydrolysis of sugar cane bagasse using phosphoric acid. J Food Eng 74:78–88. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.02.005 CrossRef

Girgis BS, Ishak MF (1999) Activated carbon from oreganum stalks by impregnation with phosphoric acid. Mater Lett 39:107–114. https://doi.org/10.1021/ef060219k CrossRef

González JF, Encinar JM, Canito JL, Sabio E, Chacón M (2003) Pyrolysis of cherry stones: energy uses of the different fractions and kinetic study. J Anal Appl Pyrol 67:165–190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0165-2370(02)00060-8 CrossRef

González-Domínguez JM, Fernández-González MC, Alexandre-Franco M, Ansón-Casaos A, Gómez-Serrano V (2011) The influence of the impregnation method on yield of activated carbon produced by H3PO4 activation. Mater Lett 65:1423–1426. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2011.02.022 CrossRef

González-Domínguez JM, Alexandre-Franco MF, Fernández-González MC, Ansón-Casaos A, Gómez-Serrano V (2017) Activated carbon from cherry stones by chemical activation: influence of the impregnation method on porous structure. J Wood Chem Technol 37:148–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/02773813.2016.1253101 CrossRef

Greenwood NN, Earnshaw A (1989) Chemistry of the elements. Pergamon Press, Oxford, p 589

Grethlein HE (1985) The effect of pore size distribution on the rate of enzymatic hydrolysis of cellulosic substrates. Nat Biotechnol 3:155–160CrossRef

Harris EE, Lang BG (1947) Hydrolysis of wood cellulose and decomposition of sugar in dilute phosphoric acid. J Phys Chem 51:1430–1441. https://doi.org/10.1021/j150456a016 CrossRef

Heredia A, Guillén R, Fernández-Bolaños J, Rivas M (1987) Olive stones as a source of fermentable sugars. Biomass 14:143–148. https://doi.org/10.1016/0144-4565(87)90016-3 CrossRef

Himmel ME, Ding S-Y, Johnson DK, Adney WS, Nimlos MR, Brady JW, Foust TD (2007) Biomass recalcitrance: engineering plants and enzymes for biofuels production. Science 315:804–807CrossRefPubMed

Ho TTT, Zimmermann T, Hauert R, Caseri W (2011) Preparation and charactrerization of cationic nanofibrillatted cellulose from estherification and high-shear disintegration processes. Cellulose 18:1391–1406. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10570-011-9591-2 CrossRef

Horvath AL (2006) Solubility of structurally complicated materials: I Wood. J Phys Chem Ref Data 35:77–92. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2035708 CrossRef

Horvath L, Peszlen I, Peralta P, Kasal B, Li LG (2010) Mechanical properties of genetically engineered young aspen with modified ligning content and/or structure. Wood Fibre Sci 42:310–317. ISSN: 0735-6161

Hsu TA, Ladisch MR, Tsao GR (1980) Alcohol from cellulose. Chem Technol 10:315–319

Jagtoyen M, Derbyshire F (1998) Activated carbons from yellow poplar and white oak by H3PO4 activation. Carbon 36:1085–1097. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(98)00082-7 CrossRef

Kilpelainen I, Xie H, King A, Granstrom M, Heikkinen H, Argyropoulos DS (2007) Dissolution of wood in ionic liquids. J Agric Food Chem 55:9142–9148. https://doi.org/10.1021/jf071692e CrossRefPubMed

Kumar P, Barrett DM, Delwiche MJ, Stroeve P (2009) Methods for pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for efficient hydrolysis and biofuel production. Ind Eng Chem Res 48:3713–3729. https://doi.org/10.1021/ie801542g CrossRef

Lai YZ (1991) Wood and cellulosic chemistry, vol 10. Marcel Dekker, New York, p 455

Lenihan P, Orozco A, O´Neill E, Ahmad MNM (2011) Kinetic modelling of dilute acid hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass. In: Biofuel production-recent developments and prospects INTECH, Rijeka, pp 293–308

Lide DR (ed) (2005) CRC handbook of chemistry and physics, 86th edn. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton

Lim WC, Srinivasakannan C, Balasubramanian N (2010) Activation of palm shells by phosphoric acid impregnation for high yielding activated carbon. J Anal App Pyrol 88:181–186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2010.04.004 CrossRef

Liu Q, Zhong Z, Wang S, Luo Z (2011) Interactions of biomass compounds during pyrolyis: a TG-FTIR study. J Anal Appl Pyrol 90:213–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaap.2010.12.009 CrossRef

Mantanis GI, Young RA, Rowell RM (1994) Swelling of wood. Part 1. Swelling in water. Wood Sci Technol 28:119–134CrossRef

Martínez EA, Villarreal MLM, Almeida e Silva JB, Solenzal AIN, Canilha L, Mussatto SI (2002) Uso de diferentes materias primas para la producción biotecnológica de xilitol. (Use of different raw materials for the biotechnological production of xylithol) Ciencia y Tecnología. Alimentaria 3:295–301. https://doi.org/10.1080/11358120209487742 CrossRef

Molina-Sabio M, Rodríguez-Reinoso F, Caturla F, Sellés MJ (1995) Porosity in granular carbons activated with phosphoric acid. Carbon 33:1105–1113. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00317-7 CrossRef

Negahdar L, Delidovich I, Palkovits R (2016) Aqueous-phase hydrolysis of cellulose and hemicelluloses over molecular acidic catalysts: Insights into the kinetics and reaction mechanism. Appl Catal B Environ 184:285–298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcatb.2015.11.039 CrossRef

Nguyen S, Sophonputtanaphoca S, Kim E, Penner MH (2009) Hydrolytic methods for the quantification of fructose equivalents in herbaceous biomass. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 158:352–361. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12010-009-8596-x CrossRefPubMed

Oinonen P, Zhang L, Lawoko M, Henriksson G (2015) On the formation of lignin polysaccaride networks in Norway spruce. Phytochemistry 111:177–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.10.027 CrossRefPubMed

Olivares-Marín M, Fernández-González C, Macías-García A, Gómez-Serrano V (2006) Thermal behaviour of lignocellulosic material in the presence of phosphoric acid. Influence of the acid content in the initial solution. Carbon 44:2347–2350. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.carbon.2006.04.004 CrossRef

Orozco A, Ahmad M, Rooney D, Walker G (2007) Dilute acid hydrolysis of cellulose and cellulosic bio-waste using a microwave reactor system. Proc Safety Environ Protection 85:446–449. https://doi.org/10.1205/psep07003 CrossRef

Palonen H, Thomsen AB, Tenkanen M, Schmidt AS, Viikari U (2004) Evaluation of wet oxidation pretreatment for enzymatic hydrolysis of softwood. J Appl Biochem Biotechnol 117:1–17. https://doi.org/10.1385/ABAB:117:1:01 CrossRef

Pettersen RC (1984) The chemistry of solid wood. Advances in chemistry series. In: Rowell R (ed.) vol. 205, Chapter 2, The chemical composition of wood, Am. Chem. Soc., pp 57–126

Platanov VA (2000) Properties of polyphosphoric acid. Fibre Chem 32:325–329. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1004199406779 CrossRef

Satarn J, Lamamorphanth W, Kamwilaisak K (2014) Acid hydrolysis from corn stover for reducing sugar. Adv Mater Res 931–932:1608–1613. https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.931-932.1608 CrossRef

Sharpe AG (1989) Química Inorgánica (Inorganic chemistry). Editorial Reverté, Barcelona

Solum MS, Pugmire RJ, Jagtoyen M, Derbyshire F (1995) Evolution of carbon structure in chemically activated wood. Carbon 31:1247–1254. https://doi.org/10.1016/0008-6223(95)00067-N CrossRef

Stamm AJ (1934) Effect of inorganic salts upon the swelling and the shrinking of wood. J Am Chem Soc 56:1195–1204. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01320a063 CrossRef

Stamm AJ (1964) Wood and cellulose science. Ronald Press, New York. ISBN 0826084958

Stone JE, Scallan AM, Donefer E, Ahlgren E (1969) Digestibility as a simple function of a molecule of similar size to a cellulase enzyme. Adv Chem 95:219–241. https://doi.org/10.1021/ba-1969-0095.ch013 CrossRef

Swatloski RP, Spear SK, Holbrey JD, Rogers RD (2002) Dissolution of cellulose with ionic liquids. J Am Chem Soc 124:4974–4975. https://doi.org/10.1021/ja025790m CrossRefPubMed

Toy ADF (1973) Phosphorus. In: Comprehensive inorganic chemistry, Trotman-Dickenson, Vol. 2, Pergamon Press, Oxford

Tsoncheva T, Mileva A, Tsyntsarski B, Paneva D, Spassova I, Kovacheva D, Velinov N, Karashanova D, Georgieva B, Petrov N (2018) Activated carbon from Bulgarian peach stones as a support of catalysts for methanol decomposition. Biomass Bioenerg 109:135–146. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.12.022 CrossRef

Tsubota T, Morita M, Kamimura S, Ohno T (2015) New approach for synthesis of activated carbon from bamboo. J Porous Mater 23:349–355. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10934-015-0087-6 CrossRef

U.S. Department of Agriculture (1957) Shrinking and swelling of wood in use. Forest Products Laboratory, United States Department of Agriculture, Report No. 736

Vassilev SV, Baxter D, Andersen LK, Vassileva CG, Morgan TJ (2012) An overview on the organic and inorganic phase composition of biomass. Fuel 94:1–33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2011.09.030 CrossRef

Wertz DL, Cook GA (1985) Phosphoric acid solutions. I: molecular association in a 57.8 molal aqueous solution. J Solut Chem 14:41–48. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00646729 CrossRef

Wyman CE (1994) Ethanol from lignocellulosic biomass: technology, economics and opportunities. Bioresour Technol 50:3–15. https://doi.org/10.1016/0960-8524(94)90214-3 CrossRef

Wyman CE (2013) Introduction, In: Wyman CE (ed) Aqueous pretreatment of plant biomass for biological and chemical conversion to fuels and chemicals, 1st Ed., Chapter 1, Wiley, New York, pp 1–15CrossRef

Yang H, Yan R, Chen H, Lee DH, Zheng C (2007) Characteristics of hemicellulose, cellulose and lignin pyrolysis. Fuel 86:1781–1788. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2006.12.013 CrossRef

Title: How does phosphoric acid interact with cherry stones? A discussion on overlooked aspects of chemical activation
Authors: J. M. González-Domínguez
M. C. Fernández-González
M. Alexandre-Franco
V. Gómez-Serrano
Publication date: 12-09-2018
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Wood Science and Technology / Issue 6/2018
Print ISSN: 0043-7719
Electronic ISSN: 1432-5225
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00226-018-1047-5

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 6/2018

Methodology for comparing wood adhesive bond load transfer using digital volume correlation

Chemical composition of lipophilic extractives from six Eucalyptus barks

The kinetics of wooden bilayers is not affected by different wood adhesive systems

Wood polymer nanocomposites from functionalized soybean oil and nanoclay

New method for determination of shear properties of wood

Measuring Poisson’s ratio: mechanical characterization of spruce wood by means of non-contact optical gauging techniques