Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Applied Composite Materials 1/2017

15-08-2016

Material Models Used to Predict Spring-in of Composite Elements: a Comparative Study

Author: Anna Galińska

Published in: Applied Composite Materials | Issue 1/2017

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

There have been several approaches used in the modelling of the process-induced deformations of composite parts developed so far. The most universal and most frequently used approach is the FEM modelling. In the scope of the FEM modelling several material models have been used to model the composite behaviour. In the present work two of the most popular material models: elastic and CHILE (cure hardening instantaneous linear elastic) are used to model the spring-in deformations of composite specimens and a structure fragment. The elastic model is more effective, whereas the CHILE model is considered more accurate. The results of the models are compared with each other and with the measured deformations of the real composite parts. Such a comparison shows that both models allow to predict the deformations reasonably well and that there is little difference between their results. This leads to a conclusion that the use of the simpler elastic model is a valid engineering practice.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Albert C., Fernlund G.: Spring-in and warpage of angled composite laminates. Compos. Sci. Technol. 62, 1895–1912 (2002)CrossRef Albert C., Fernlund G.: Spring-in and warpage of angled composite laminates. Compos. Sci. Technol. 62, 1895–1912 (2002)CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Radford D.W., Rennick T.S.: Separating sources of manufacturing distortion in laminated composites. J. Reinf. Plast. Comp. 19, 621–641 (2000)CrossRef Radford D.W., Rennick T.S.: Separating sources of manufacturing distortion in laminated composites. J. Reinf. Plast. Comp. 19, 621–641 (2000)CrossRef
3.
go back to reference Wisnom M.R., Potter K.D.: Understanding composite distortion during processing. In: Long A.C. (ed.) Composites Forming Technologies, pp. 177–196. Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge (2007)CrossRef Wisnom M.R., Potter K.D.: Understanding composite distortion during processing. In: Long A.C. (ed.) Composites Forming Technologies, pp. 177–196. Woodhead Publishing Limited, Cambridge (2007)CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Zobeiry, N., Viscoelastic constitutive models for evaluation of residual stresses in thermoset composites during cure. PhD Thesis, University of British Columbia (2006) Zobeiry, N., Viscoelastic constitutive models for evaluation of residual stresses in thermoset composites during cure. PhD Thesis, University of British Columbia (2006)
5.
go back to reference Radford D.W., Diefendorf R.J.: Shape instabilities in composites resulting from laminate anisotropy. J. Reinf. Plast. Comp. 12, 58–75 (1993)CrossRef Radford D.W., Diefendorf R.J.: Shape instabilities in composites resulting from laminate anisotropy. J. Reinf. Plast. Comp. 12, 58–75 (1993)CrossRef
6.
go back to reference Svanberg J.M., Holmberg J.A.: An experimental investigation on mechanisms for manufacturing induced shape distortions in homogeneous and balanced laminates. Compos. Part A – Appl S. 32, 827–838 (2001)CrossRef Svanberg J.M., Holmberg J.A.: An experimental investigation on mechanisms for manufacturing induced shape distortions in homogeneous and balanced laminates. Compos. Part A – Appl S. 32, 827–838 (2001)CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Ersoy, N., Garstka, T., Potter, K., Wisnom, M.R., Porter, D., Stringer, G.: Modelling of the spring-in phenomenon in curved parts made of a thermosetting composite. Compos. Part A – Appl S. 41, 410–418 (2010) Ersoy, N., Garstka, T., Potter, K., Wisnom, M.R., Porter, D., Stringer, G.: Modelling of the spring-in phenomenon in curved parts made of a thermosetting composite. Compos. Part A – Appl S. 41, 410–418 (2010)
8.
go back to reference Dong, C.: A parametric study on the process-induced deformation of composite T-stiffener structures. Compos. Part A – Appl S. 41, 515–520 (2010) Dong, C.: A parametric study on the process-induced deformation of composite T-stiffener structures. Compos. Part A – Appl S. 41, 515–520 (2010)
9.
go back to reference Dong C.: Process-induced deformation of composite T-stiffener structures. Compos. Struct. 92, 1614–1619 (2010)CrossRef Dong C.: Process-induced deformation of composite T-stiffener structures. Compos. Struct. 92, 1614–1619 (2010)CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Bapanapalli S.K., Smith L.V.: A linear finite element model to predict processing-induced distortion in FRP laminates. Compos. Part A – Appl S. 36, 1666–1674 (2005)CrossRef Bapanapalli S.K., Smith L.V.: A linear finite element model to predict processing-induced distortion in FRP laminates. Compos. Part A – Appl S. 36, 1666–1674 (2005)CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Wucher B., Lani F., Pardoen T., Bailly C., Martiny P.: Tooling geometry for compensation of cure-induced distortions of a curved carbon/epoxy C-spar. Compos. Part A – Appl S. 56, 27–35 (2014)CrossRef Wucher B., Lani F., Pardoen T., Bailly C., Martiny P.: Tooling geometry for compensation of cure-induced distortions of a curved carbon/epoxy C-spar. Compos. Part A – Appl S. 56, 27–35 (2014)CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Kappel, E., Stefaniak, D., Huhne, C.: Semi-analytical spring-in analysis to counteract CFRP manufacturing deformations by tool compensation. In: Proceedings of 28th ICAS 2012 Conference Brisbane, Paper 126 (2012) Kappel, E., Stefaniak, D., Huhne, C.: Semi-analytical spring-in analysis to counteract CFRP manufacturing deformations by tool compensation. In: Proceedings of 28th ICAS 2012 Conference Brisbane, Paper 126 (2012)
13.
go back to reference Fernlund G., Rahman N., Courdji R., Bresslauer M., Poursartip A., Willden K., Nelson K.: Experimental and numerical study of the effect of cure cycle, tool surface, geometry and lay-up on the dimensional fidelity of autoclave-processed composite parts. Compos. Part A – Appl S. 33, 341–351 (2002)CrossRef Fernlund G., Rahman N., Courdji R., Bresslauer M., Poursartip A., Willden K., Nelson K.: Experimental and numerical study of the effect of cure cycle, tool surface, geometry and lay-up on the dimensional fidelity of autoclave-processed composite parts. Compos. Part A – Appl S. 33, 341–351 (2002)CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Fernlund, G., Poursartip, A.: The effect of tooling material, cure cycle and tool surface on spring-in of autoclave processed curved composite parts. In: Proceedings of ICCM - 12 Conference Paris, Paper 690 (1999) Fernlund, G., Poursartip, A.: The effect of tooling material, cure cycle and tool surface on spring-in of autoclave processed curved composite parts. In: Proceedings of ICCM - 12 Conference Paris, Paper 690 (1999)
15.
go back to reference Fernlund G., Osooly A., Poursartip A., Vaziri R., Courdji R., Nelson K., George P., Hendrickson L., Griffith J.: Finite element based prediction of process-induced deformation of autoclaved composite structures using 2D process analysis and 3D structural analysis. Compos. Struct. 62, 223–234 (2003)CrossRef Fernlund G., Osooly A., Poursartip A., Vaziri R., Courdji R., Nelson K., George P., Hendrickson L., Griffith J.: Finite element based prediction of process-induced deformation of autoclaved composite structures using 2D process analysis and 3D structural analysis. Compos. Struct. 62, 223–234 (2003)CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Osmęda A.: Measurements of strain induced by chemical shrinkage in polymer composites. J. Polym. Eng. 36, 431–440 (2016) Osmęda A.: Measurements of strain induced by chemical shrinkage in polymer composites. J. Polym. Eng. 36, 431–440 (2016)
17.
go back to reference Holmberg J.A.: Influence of chemical shrinkage on shape distortion of RTM composites. In: Proceedings of 19th SAMPE Conference Paris. 621–632 (1998) Holmberg J.A.: Influence of chemical shrinkage on shape distortion of RTM composites. In: Proceedings of 19th SAMPE Conference Paris. 621–632 (1998)
18.
go back to reference Shimbo M., Ochi M., Shigeta Y.: Shrinkage and internal stresses during curing of epoxide resin. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 26, 2265–2277 (1981)CrossRef Shimbo M., Ochi M., Shigeta Y.: Shrinkage and internal stresses during curing of epoxide resin. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 26, 2265–2277 (1981)CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Madhukar M.S., Genidy M.S., Russell J.D.: A new method to reduce cure-induced stresses in thermoset polymer composites. Part I: Test method. J. Compos. Mater. 34, 1882–1904 (2000) Madhukar M.S., Genidy M.S., Russell J.D.: A new method to reduce cure-induced stresses in thermoset polymer composites. Part I: Test method. J. Compos. Mater. 34, 1882–1904 (2000)
20.
go back to reference Garstka T., Ersoy N., Potter K.D., Wisnom M.R.: In situ measurements of through-the-thickness strains during processing of AS4/8552 composite. Compos. Part A – Appl S. 38, 2517–2526 (2007)CrossRef Garstka T., Ersoy N., Potter K.D., Wisnom M.R.: In situ measurements of through-the-thickness strains during processing of AS4/8552 composite. Compos. Part A – Appl S. 38, 2517–2526 (2007)CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Ersoy N., Tugutlu M.: Cure kinetics modeling and cure shrinkage behawior of a thermosetting composite. Polym. Eng. Sci. 50, 84–92 (2010)CrossRef Ersoy N., Tugutlu M.: Cure kinetics modeling and cure shrinkage behawior of a thermosetting composite. Polym. Eng. Sci. 50, 84–92 (2010)CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Wisnom M.R., Potter K.D., Ersoy N.: Shear-lag analysis of the effect of thickness on spring-in of curved composites. J. Compos. Mater. 41, 1311–1324 (2007)CrossRef Wisnom M.R., Potter K.D., Ersoy N.: Shear-lag analysis of the effect of thickness on spring-in of curved composites. J. Compos. Mater. 41, 1311–1324 (2007)CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Material Models Used to Predict Spring-in of Composite Elements: a Comparative Study
Author
Anna Galińska
Publication date
15-08-2016
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Applied Composite Materials / Issue 1/2017
Print ISSN: 0929-189X
Electronic ISSN: 1573-4897
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10443-016-9519-y

Other articles of this Issue 1/2017

Applied Composite Materials 1/2017 Go to the issue

Premium Partners