Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Happiness Studies 4/2017

20-06-2016 | Research Paper

My Friends Are My Estate: Friendship Experiences Mediate the Relationship Between Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts and Happiness

Authors: Melikşah Demir, Andrew Haynes, Shannon K. Potts

Published in: Journal of Happiness Studies | Issue 4/2017

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Emerging adults share the positive events in their lives with their friends, a process that is related to higher levels of happiness when they perceive their friends’ responses as more positive and less negative. What might explain this association? The four studies (N = 2997) in this research tested the proposal that positive friendship experiences mediate the relationship between perceived responses to capitalization attempts (PRCA) and happiness. Study 1 showed that same-sex friendship quality mediated the relationship between PRCA and happiness. Study 2 supported the model for cross-sex friendships. Study 3 tested the generalizability of the model for the immediate social network of emerging adults and showed that the model was only applicable to best friendships. Study 4 documented that satisfaction of basic psychological needs in a same-sex friendship was another mediator of the PRCA-happiness link. Although the friendship experiences and PRCA scores of women were higher compared to men in every study, the associations of PRCA with friendship experiences and happiness were generally similar and the model was supported for both men and women. The implications of the findings were discussed and suggestions for future research were provided.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
go back to reference Alegría, M., Chatterji, P., Wells, K., Cao, Z., Chen, C. N., Takeuchi, D., & Meng, X. L. (2008). Disparity in depression treatment among racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States. Psychiatric Services, 59(11), 1264–1272. doi:10.1176/ps.2008.59.11.1264.CrossRef Alegría, M., Chatterji, P., Wells, K., Cao, Z., Chen, C. N., Takeuchi, D., & Meng, X. L. (2008). Disparity in depression treatment among racial and ethnic minority populations in the United States. Psychiatric Services, 59(11), 1264–1272. doi:10.​1176/​ps.​2008.​59.​11.​1264.CrossRef
go back to reference Altermatt, E. R. (2010). Capitalizing on academic success: Students’ interactions with friends as predictors of school adjustment. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 31(1), 174–203. doi:10.1177/0272431610379414.CrossRef Altermatt, E. R. (2010). Capitalizing on academic success: Students’ interactions with friends as predictors of school adjustment. The Journal of Early Adolescence, 31(1), 174–203. doi:10.​1177/​0272431610379414​.CrossRef
go back to reference Barry, C. M., Madsen, S. D., Nelson, L. J., Carroll, J. S., & Badger, S. (2009). Friendship and romantic relationship qualities in emerging adulthood: Differential associations with identity development and achieved adulthood criteria. Journal of Adult Development, 16(4), 209–222. doi:10.1007/s10804-009-9067-x.CrossRef Barry, C. M., Madsen, S. D., Nelson, L. J., Carroll, J. S., & Badger, S. (2009). Friendship and romantic relationship qualities in emerging adulthood: Differential associations with identity development and achieved adulthood criteria. Journal of Adult Development, 16(4), 209–222. doi:10.​1007/​s10804-009-9067-x.CrossRef
go back to reference Becker, J. A., Johnson, A. J., Craig, E. A., Gilchrist, E. S., Haigh, M. M., & Lane, L. T. (2009). Friendships are flexible, not fragile: Turning points in geographically-close and long-distance friendships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 26(4), 347–369. doi:10.1177/0265407509344310.CrossRef Becker, J. A., Johnson, A. J., Craig, E. A., Gilchrist, E. S., Haigh, M. M., & Lane, L. T. (2009). Friendships are flexible, not fragile: Turning points in geographically-close and long-distance friendships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 26(4), 347–369. doi:10.​1177/​0265407509344310​.CrossRef
go back to reference Bi, Y., Ma, L., Yuan, F., & Zhang, B. (2015). Self-esteem, perceived stress, and gender during adolescence: Interactive links to different types of interpersonal relationships. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied,. doi:10.1080/00223980.2014.996512. Bi, Y., Ma, L., Yuan, F., & Zhang, B. (2015). Self-esteem, perceived stress, and gender during adolescence: Interactive links to different types of interpersonal relationships. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied,. doi:10.​1080/​00223980.​2014.​996512.
go back to reference Blieszner, R., & Adams, R. G. (1992). Adult friendship. Thousand Oaks, CA, USA: Sage Publications. Blieszner, R., & Adams, R. G. (1992). Adult friendship. Thousand Oaks, CA, USA: Sage Publications.
go back to reference Chan, D. K. S., & Cheng, G. H. L. (2004). A comparison of offline and online friendship qualities at different stages of relationship development. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21(3), 305–320. doi:10.1177/0265407504042834.CrossRef Chan, D. K. S., & Cheng, G. H. L. (2004). A comparison of offline and online friendship qualities at different stages of relationship development. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 21(3), 305–320. doi:10.​1177/​0265407504042834​.CrossRef
go back to reference Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Cohen, J., & Cohen, P. (1983). Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
go back to reference Collins, A., & van Dulmen, M. (2006). Friendships and romance in emerging adulthood: Assessing distinctiveness in close relationships. In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century (pp. 219–234). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.1037/11381-009.CrossRef Collins, A., & van Dulmen, M. (2006). Friendships and romance in emerging adulthood: Assessing distinctiveness in close relationships. In J. J. Arnett & J. L. Tanner (Eds.), Emerging adults in America: Coming of age in the 21st century (pp. 219–234). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. doi:10.​1037/​11381-009.CrossRef
go back to reference Davidson, A. J., Updegraff, K. A., & McHale, S. M. (2011). Parent–peer relationship patterns among Mexican-origin adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35(3), 260–270. doi:10.1177/0165025410384926.CrossRef Davidson, A. J., Updegraff, K. A., & McHale, S. M. (2011). Parent–peer relationship patterns among Mexican-origin adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 35(3), 260–270. doi:10.​1177/​0165025410384926​.CrossRef
go back to reference Deci, E. L., La Guardia, J. G., Moller, A. C., Scheiner, M. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). On the benefits of giving as well as receiving autonomy support: Mutuality in close friendships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(3), 313–327. doi:10.1177/0146167205282148.CrossRef Deci, E. L., La Guardia, J. G., Moller, A. C., Scheiner, M. J., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). On the benefits of giving as well as receiving autonomy support: Mutuality in close friendships. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 32(3), 313–327. doi:10.​1177/​0146167205282148​.CrossRef
go back to reference Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. (2002). Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 3–33). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. (2002). Overview of self-determination theory: An organismic dialectical perspective. In E. L. Deci & R. M. Ryan (Eds.), Handbook of self-determination research (pp. 3–33). Rochester, NY: University of Rochester Press.
go back to reference Demir, M. (Ed.). (2015). Friendship and happiness: Across the lifespan and cultures. Dordrecht: Springer. Demir, M. (Ed.). (2015). Friendship and happiness: Across the lifespan and cultures. Dordrecht: Springer.
go back to reference Demir, M., & Davidson, I. (2013). Toward a better understanding of the relationship between friendship and happiness: Perceived responses to capitalization attempts, feelings of mattering, and satisfaction of basic psychological needs in same-sex best friendships as predictors of happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(2), 525–550. doi:10.1007/s10902-012-9341-7.CrossRef Demir, M., & Davidson, I. (2013). Toward a better understanding of the relationship between friendship and happiness: Perceived responses to capitalization attempts, feelings of mattering, and satisfaction of basic psychological needs in same-sex best friendships as predictors of happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(2), 525–550. doi:10.​1007/​s10902-012-9341-7.CrossRef
go back to reference Demir, M., Doğan, A., & Procsal, A. D. (2013a). I am so happy ‘cause my friend is happy for me: Capitalization, friendship, and happiness among U.S. and Turkish college students. The Journal of Social Psychology, 153(2), 250–255. doi:10.1080/00224545.2012.714814.CrossRef Demir, M., Doğan, A., & Procsal, A. D. (2013a). I am so happy ‘cause my friend is happy for me: Capitalization, friendship, and happiness among U.S. and Turkish college students. The Journal of Social Psychology, 153(2), 250–255. doi:10.​1080/​00224545.​2012.​714814.CrossRef
go back to reference Demir, M., Orthel, H., & Andelin, A. K. (2013b). Friendship and happiness. In S. A. David, I. Boniwell, & A. C. Ayers (Eds.), Oxford handbook of happiness (pp. 860–870). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Demir, M., Orthel, H., & Andelin, A. K. (2013b). Friendship and happiness. In S. A. David, I. Boniwell, & A. C. Ayers (Eds.), Oxford handbook of happiness (pp. 860–870). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Demir, M., Orthel-Clark, H., Özdemir, M., & Özdemir, S. B. (2015). Friendship and happiness among adults. In M. Demir (Ed.), Friendship and happiness: Across the lifespan and cultures (pp. 117–136). Dordrecht: Springer. Demir, M., Orthel-Clark, H., Özdemir, M., & Özdemir, S. B. (2015). Friendship and happiness among adults. In M. Demir (Ed.), Friendship and happiness: Across the lifespan and cultures (pp. 117–136). Dordrecht: Springer.
go back to reference Demir, M., & Özdemir, M. (2010). Friendship, need satisfaction and happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11(2), 243–259.CrossRef Demir, M., & Özdemir, M. (2010). Friendship, need satisfaction and happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 11(2), 243–259.CrossRef
go back to reference Demir, M., Özdemir, M., & Weitekamp, L. A. (2007). Looking to happy tomorrows with friends: Best and close friendships as they predict happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 8, 243–271. doi:10.1007/s10902-006-9025-2.CrossRef Demir, M., Özdemir, M., & Weitekamp, L. A. (2007). Looking to happy tomorrows with friends: Best and close friendships as they predict happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 8, 243–271. doi:10.​1007/​s10902-006-9025-2.CrossRef
go back to reference Demir, M., & Weitekamp, L. A. (2007). I am so happy cause today I found my friend: Friendship and personality as predictors of happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 8(2), 181–211. doi:10.1007/s10902-006-9012-7.CrossRef Demir, M., & Weitekamp, L. A. (2007). I am so happy cause today I found my friend: Friendship and personality as predictors of happiness. Journal of Happiness Studies, 8(2), 181–211. doi:10.​1007/​s10902-006-9012-7.CrossRef
go back to reference Derlega, V. J., Anderson, S., Winstead, B. A., & Greene, K. (2011). Positive disclosure among college students: What do they talk about, to whom, and why? The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(2), 119–130. doi:10.1080/17439760.2010.545430.CrossRef Derlega, V. J., Anderson, S., Winstead, B. A., & Greene, K. (2011). Positive disclosure among college students: What do they talk about, to whom, and why? The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(2), 119–130. doi:10.​1080/​17439760.​2010.​545430.CrossRef
go back to reference Donato, S., Pagani, A., Parise, M., Bertoni, A., & Iafrate, R. (2014). The capitalization process in stable couple relationships: Intrapersonal and interpersonal benefits. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 140, 207–211. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.04.411.CrossRef Donato, S., Pagani, A., Parise, M., Bertoni, A., & Iafrate, R. (2014). The capitalization process in stable couple relationships: Intrapersonal and interpersonal benefits. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 140, 207–211. doi:10.​1016/​j.​sbspro.​2014.​04.​411.CrossRef
go back to reference Fehr, B. (1999). Stability and commitment in friendships. In J. M. Adams & W. H. Jones (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal commitment and relationship stability (pp. 239–256). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. Fehr, B. (1999). Stability and commitment in friendships. In J. M. Adams & W. H. Jones (Eds.), Handbook of interpersonal commitment and relationship stability (pp. 239–256). New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers.
go back to reference Gable, S. L., & Algoe, S. B. (2010). Being there when things go right: Support processes for positive events. In K. Sullivan & J. Davila (Eds.), Support processes in intimate relationships (pp. 200–216). Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRef Gable, S. L., & Algoe, S. B. (2010). Being there when things go right: Support processes for positive events. In K. Sullivan & J. Davila (Eds.), Support processes in intimate relationships (pp. 200–216). Oxford: Oxford University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Gable, S. L., Gonzaga, G. C., & Strachman, A. (2006). Will you be there for me when things go right? Supportive responses to positive event disclosures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(5), 904–917. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.91.5.904.CrossRef Gable, S. L., Gonzaga, G. C., & Strachman, A. (2006). Will you be there for me when things go right? Supportive responses to positive event disclosures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 91(5), 904–917. doi:10.​1037/​0022-3514.​91.​5.​904.CrossRef
go back to reference Gable, S. L., Gosnell, C. L., Maisel, N. C., & Strachman, A. (2012). Safely testing the alarm: Close others’ responses to personal positive events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(6), 963–981. doi:10.1037/a0029488.CrossRef Gable, S. L., Gosnell, C. L., Maisel, N. C., & Strachman, A. (2012). Safely testing the alarm: Close others’ responses to personal positive events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(6), 963–981. doi:10.​1037/​a0029488.CrossRef
go back to reference Gable, S. L., & Reis, H. T. (2001). Appetitive and aversive social interaction. In J. H. Harvey & A. E. Wenzel (Eds.), Close romantic relationships: Maintenance and enhancement (pp. 169–194). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Gable, S. L., & Reis, H. T. (2001). Appetitive and aversive social interaction. In J. H. Harvey & A. E. Wenzel (Eds.), Close romantic relationships: Maintenance and enhancement (pp. 169–194). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
go back to reference Gable, S. L., Reis, H. T., Impett, E. A., & Asher, E. R. (2004). What do you do when things go right? The intrapersonal and interpersonal benefits of sharing positive events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(2), 228–245. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.87.2.228.CrossRef Gable, S. L., Reis, H. T., Impett, E. A., & Asher, E. R. (2004). What do you do when things go right? The intrapersonal and interpersonal benefits of sharing positive events. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 87(2), 228–245. doi:10.​1037/​0022-3514.​87.​2.​228.CrossRef
go back to reference Gomez, J., Miranda, R., & Polanco, L. (2011). Acculturative stress, perceived discrimination, and vulnerability to suicide attempts among emerging adults. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(11), 1465–1476. doi:10.1007/s10964-011-9688-9.CrossRef Gomez, J., Miranda, R., & Polanco, L. (2011). Acculturative stress, perceived discrimination, and vulnerability to suicide attempts among emerging adults. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(11), 1465–1476. doi:10.​1007/​s10964-011-9688-9.CrossRef
go back to reference Halatsis, P., & Christakis, N. (2009). The challenge of sexual attraction within heterosexuals’ cross-sex friendship. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 26(6–7), 919–937. doi:10.1177/0265407509345650.CrossRef Halatsis, P., & Christakis, N. (2009). The challenge of sexual attraction within heterosexuals’ cross-sex friendship. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 26(6–7), 919–937. doi:10.​1177/​0265407509345650​.CrossRef
go back to reference Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press. Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York, NY: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Hays, R. B. (1988). Friendship. In S. W. Duck (Ed.), Handbook of personal relationships: Theory, research and interventions (pp. 391–408). Oxford, England: Wiley. Hays, R. B. (1988). Friendship. In S. W. Duck (Ed.), Handbook of personal relationships: Theory, research and interventions (pp. 391–408). Oxford, England: Wiley.
go back to reference Hurtado, S., Carter, D. F., & Spuler, A. (1996). Latino student transition to college: Assessing difficulties and factors in successful college adjustment. Research in Higher Education, 37(2), 135–157. doi:10.1007/BF01730113.CrossRef Hurtado, S., Carter, D. F., & Spuler, A. (1996). Latino student transition to college: Assessing difficulties and factors in successful college adjustment. Research in Higher Education, 37(2), 135–157. doi:10.​1007/​BF01730113.CrossRef
go back to reference Ilies, R., Keeney, J., & Goh, Z. W. (2013). Capitalising on positive work events by sharing them at home. Applied Psychology: An International Review,. doi:10.1111/apps.12022. Ilies, R., Keeney, J., & Goh, Z. W. (2013). Capitalising on positive work events by sharing them at home. Applied Psychology: An International Review,. doi:10.​1111/​apps.​12022.
go back to reference Jenkins, S. R., Goodness, K., & Buhrmester, D. (2002). Gender differences in early adolescents’ relationship qualities, self-efficacy, and depression symptoms. Journal of Early Adolescence, 22(3), 277–309. doi:10.1177/02731602022003003.CrossRef Jenkins, S. R., Goodness, K., & Buhrmester, D. (2002). Gender differences in early adolescents’ relationship qualities, self-efficacy, and depression symptoms. Journal of Early Adolescence, 22(3), 277–309. doi:10.​1177/​0273160202200300​3.CrossRef
go back to reference Johnson, H. D., Brady, E., McNair, R., Congdon, D., Niznik, J., & Anderson, S. (2007). Identity as a moderator of gender differences in the emotional closeness of emerging adults’ same- and cross-sex friendships. Adolescence, 165, 1–23. Johnson, H. D., Brady, E., McNair, R., Congdon, D., Niznik, J., & Anderson, S. (2007). Identity as a moderator of gender differences in the emotional closeness of emerging adults’ same- and cross-sex friendships. Adolescence, 165, 1–23.
go back to reference Kleiman, E. M., Kashdan, T. B., Monfort, S. S., Machell, K. A., & Goodman, F. R. (2015). Perceived responsiveness during an initial social interaction with a stranger predicts a positive memory bias one week later. Cognition and Emotion, 29(2), 332–341. doi:10.1080/02699931.2014.905458.CrossRef Kleiman, E. M., Kashdan, T. B., Monfort, S. S., Machell, K. A., & Goodman, F. R. (2015). Perceived responsiveness during an initial social interaction with a stranger predicts a positive memory bias one week later. Cognition and Emotion, 29(2), 332–341. doi:10.​1080/​02699931.​2014.​905458.CrossRef
go back to reference Kuttler, A. F., La Greca, A. M., & Prinstein, M. J. (1999). Friendship qualities and social-emotional functioning of adolescents with close, cross-sex friendships. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 9(3), 339–366. doi:10.1207/s15327795jra0903_5.CrossRef Kuttler, A. F., La Greca, A. M., & Prinstein, M. J. (1999). Friendship qualities and social-emotional functioning of adolescents with close, cross-sex friendships. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 9(3), 339–366. doi:10.​1207/​s15327795jra0903​_​5.CrossRef
go back to reference La Guardia, J. G., Ryan, R. M., Couchman, C. E., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Within-person variation in security of attachment: A self-determination theory perspective on attachment, need fulfillment, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(3), 367–384. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.79.3.367.CrossRef La Guardia, J. G., Ryan, R. M., Couchman, C. E., & Deci, E. L. (2000). Within-person variation in security of attachment: A self-determination theory perspective on attachment, need fulfillment, and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 79(3), 367–384. doi:10.​1037/​0022-3514.​79.​3.​367.CrossRef
go back to reference Lambert, N. M., Gwinn, A. M., Baumeister, R. F., Strachman, A., Washburn, I. J., Gable, S. L., & Fincham, F. D. (2013). A boost of positive affect: The perks of sharing positive experiences. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 30(1), 24–43. doi:10.1177/0265407512449400.CrossRef Lambert, N. M., Gwinn, A. M., Baumeister, R. F., Strachman, A., Washburn, I. J., Gable, S. L., & Fincham, F. D. (2013). A boost of positive affect: The perks of sharing positive experiences. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 30(1), 24–43. doi:10.​1177/​0265407512449400​.CrossRef
go back to reference Lambert, N., Gwinn, A. M., Stillman, T. F., & Fincham, F. D. (2011). Feeling tired? How sharing positive experiences can boost vitality. International Journal of Wellbeing, 1(3), 307–314. doi:10.5502/ijw.v1i3.1.CrossRef Lambert, N., Gwinn, A. M., Stillman, T. F., & Fincham, F. D. (2011). Feeling tired? How sharing positive experiences can boost vitality. International Journal of Wellbeing, 1(3), 307–314. doi:10.​5502/​ijw.​v1i3.​1.CrossRef
go back to reference Laurenceau, J., Barrett, L. F., & Pietromonaco, P. R. (1998). Intimacy as an interpersonal process: The importance of self-disclosure, partner disclosure, and perceived partner responsiveness in interpersonal exchanges. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1238–1251. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.74.5.1238.CrossRef Laurenceau, J., Barrett, L. F., & Pietromonaco, P. R. (1998). Intimacy as an interpersonal process: The importance of self-disclosure, partner disclosure, and perceived partner responsiveness in interpersonal exchanges. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 74(5), 1238–1251. doi:10.​1037/​0022-3514.​74.​5.​1238.CrossRef
go back to reference Linley, P. A., Maltby, J., Wood, A. M., Osborne, G., & Hurling, R. (2009). Measuring happiness: The higher order factor structure of subjective and psychological well-being measures. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(8), 878–884.CrossRef Linley, P. A., Maltby, J., Wood, A. M., Osborne, G., & Hurling, R. (2009). Measuring happiness: The higher order factor structure of subjective and psychological well-being measures. Personality and Individual Differences, 47(8), 878–884.CrossRef
go back to reference Lorenzo-Blanco, E. I., Unger, J. B., Ritt-Olson, A., Soto, D., & Baezconde-Garbanati, L. (2011). Acculturation, gender, depression, and cigarette smoking among US Hispanic youth: The mediating role of perceived discrimination. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(11), 1519–1533. doi:10.1007/s10964-011-9633-y.CrossRef Lorenzo-Blanco, E. I., Unger, J. B., Ritt-Olson, A., Soto, D., & Baezconde-Garbanati, L. (2011). Acculturation, gender, depression, and cigarette smoking among US Hispanic youth: The mediating role of perceived discrimination. Journal of Youth and Adolescence, 40(11), 1519–1533. doi:10.​1007/​s10964-011-9633-y.CrossRef
go back to reference Luyckx, K., Schwartz, S. J., Berzonsky, M. D., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Smits, I., & Goossens, L. (2008). Capturing ruminative exploration: Extending the four-dimensional model of identity formation in late adolescence. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(1), 58–82. doi:10.1016/j.jrp.2007.04.004.CrossRef Luyckx, K., Schwartz, S. J., Berzonsky, M. D., Soenens, B., Vansteenkiste, M., Smits, I., & Goossens, L. (2008). Capturing ruminative exploration: Extending the four-dimensional model of identity formation in late adolescence. Journal of Research in Personality, 42(1), 58–82. doi:10.​1016/​j.​jrp.​2007.​04.​004.CrossRef
go back to reference MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 83–104. doi:10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.83.CrossRef MacKinnon, D. P., Lockwood, C. M., Hoffman, J. M., West, S. G., & Sheets, V. (2002). A comparison of methods to test mediation and other intervening variable effects. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 83–104. doi:10.​1037/​1082-989X.​7.​1.​83.CrossRef
go back to reference Manago, A. M., & Vaughn, L. (2015). Social media, friendship, and happiness in the millennial generation. In M. Demir (Ed.), Friendship and happiness across the lifespan and cultures (pp. 187–206). Dordrecht: Springer. Manago, A. M., & Vaughn, L. (2015). Social media, friendship, and happiness in the millennial generation. In M. Demir (Ed.), Friendship and happiness across the lifespan and cultures (pp. 187–206). Dordrecht: Springer.
go back to reference Mattson, R. E., Franco-Watkins, A. M., & Cunningham, K. (2012). How do I regret thee? Let me count my alternatives: Regret and decision making in intimate relationships. Psychology, 3(9), 657. doi:10.4236/psych.2012.39100.CrossRef Mattson, R. E., Franco-Watkins, A. M., & Cunningham, K. (2012). How do I regret thee? Let me count my alternatives: Regret and decision making in intimate relationships. Psychology, 3(9), 657. doi:10.​4236/​psych.​2012.​39100.CrossRef
go back to reference Maxwell, S. E., Cole, D. A., & Mitchell, M. A. (2011). Bias in cross-sectional analyses of longitudinal mediation: Partial and complete mediation under an autoregressive model. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 46(5), 816–841. doi:10.1080/00273171.2011.606716.CrossRef Maxwell, S. E., Cole, D. A., & Mitchell, M. A. (2011). Bias in cross-sectional analyses of longitudinal mediation: Partial and complete mediation under an autoregressive model. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 46(5), 816–841. doi:10.​1080/​00273171.​2011.​606716.CrossRef
go back to reference Mendelson, M. J., & Aboud, F. E. (1999). Measuring friendship quality in late adolescents and young adults: McGill friendship questionnaires. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 31(2), 130–132. doi:10.1037/h0087080.CrossRef Mendelson, M. J., & Aboud, F. E. (1999). Measuring friendship quality in late adolescents and young adults: McGill friendship questionnaires. Canadian Journal of Behavioural Science, 31(2), 130–132. doi:10.​1037/​h0087080.CrossRef
go back to reference Monsour, M. (2002). Women and men as friends: Relationships across the life span in the 21st century. Mahwah, NJ, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Monsour, M. (2002). Women and men as friends: Relationships across the life span in the 21st century. Mahwah, NJ, USA: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
go back to reference Patrick, H., Knee, C. R., Canevello, A., & Lonsbary, C. (2007). The role of need fulfillment in relationship functioning and well-being: A self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(3), 434. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.92.3.434.CrossRef Patrick, H., Knee, C. R., Canevello, A., & Lonsbary, C. (2007). The role of need fulfillment in relationship functioning and well-being: A self-determination theory perspective. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(3), 434. doi:10.​1037/​0022-3514.​92.​3.​434.CrossRef
go back to reference Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (2013). Happiness experienced: The science of subjective well-being. In S. David, I. Boniwell, & A. C. Ayers (Eds.), Oxford handbook of happiness (pp. 134–151). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press. Pavot, W., & Diener, E. (2013). Happiness experienced: The science of subjective well-being. In S. David, I. Boniwell, & A. C. Ayers (Eds.), Oxford handbook of happiness (pp. 134–151). Oxford, UK: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 36, 717–731. doi:10.3758/BF03206553.CrossRef Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2004). SPSS and SAS procedures for estimating indirect effects in simple mediation models. Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, and Computers, 36, 717–731. doi:10.​3758/​BF03206553.CrossRef
go back to reference Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. doi:10.3758/BRM.40.3.879.CrossRef Preacher, K. J., & Hayes, A. F. (2008). Asymptotic and resampling strategies for assessing and comparing indirect effects in multiple mediator models. Behavior Research Methods, 40(3), 879–891. doi:10.​3758/​BRM.​40.​3.​879.CrossRef
go back to reference Procsal, A. D., Demir, M., Doğan, A., Özen, A., & Sümer, N. (2015). Cross-sex friendship and happiness. In M. Demir (Ed.), Friendship and happiness across the life-span and culture (pp. 171–185). Dordrecht: Springer. Procsal, A. D., Demir, M., Doğan, A., Özen, A., & Sümer, N. (2015). Cross-sex friendship and happiness. In M. Demir (Ed.), Friendship and happiness across the life-span and culture (pp. 171–185). Dordrecht: Springer.
go back to reference Raffaelli, M., Iturbide, M. I., Carranza, M. A., & Carlo, G. (2014). Maternal distress and adolescent well-being in Latino families: Examining potential interpersonal mediators. Journal of Latina/o Psychology, 2(2), 103. doi:10.1037/lat0000016.CrossRef Raffaelli, M., Iturbide, M. I., Carranza, M. A., & Carlo, G. (2014). Maternal distress and adolescent well-being in Latino families: Examining potential interpersonal mediators. Journal of Latina/o Psychology, 2(2), 103. doi:10.​1037/​lat0000016.CrossRef
go back to reference Reis, H. T. (2014). Responsiveness: Affective interdependence in close relationships. In M. Mikulincer & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Mechanisms of social connection: From brain to group (pp. 255–271). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef Reis, H. T. (2014). Responsiveness: Affective interdependence in close relationships. In M. Mikulincer & P. R. Shaver (Eds.), Mechanisms of social connection: From brain to group (pp. 255–271). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.CrossRef
go back to reference Reis, H. T., Clark, M. S., & Holmes, J. G. (2004). Perceived partner responsiveness as an organizing construct in the study of intimacy and closeness. In D. J. Mashek & A. P. Aron (Eds.), Handbook of closeness and intimacy (pp. 201–225). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers. Reis, H. T., Clark, M. S., & Holmes, J. G. (2004). Perceived partner responsiveness as an organizing construct in the study of intimacy and closeness. In D. J. Mashek & A. P. Aron (Eds.), Handbook of closeness and intimacy (pp. 201–225). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates Publishers.
go back to reference Reis, H. T., & Patrick, B. C. (1996). Attachment and intimacy: Component processes. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 523–563). New York, NY: Guilford Press. Reis, H. T., & Patrick, B. C. (1996). Attachment and intimacy: Component processes. In E. T. Higgins & A. W. Kruglanski (Eds.), Social psychology: Handbook of basic principles (pp. 523–563). New York, NY: Guilford Press.
go back to reference Reis, H. T., & Shaver, P. (1988). Intimacy as an interpersonal process. In S. W. Duck, D. F. Hay, S. E. Hobfoll, W. Ickes, & B. M. Montgomery (Eds.), Handbook of personal relationships (pp. 367–389). Oxford, England: Wiley. Reis, H. T., & Shaver, P. (1988). Intimacy as an interpersonal process. In S. W. Duck, D. F. Hay, S. E. Hobfoll, W. Ickes, & B. M. Montgomery (Eds.), Handbook of personal relationships (pp. 367–389). Oxford, England: Wiley.
go back to reference Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(4), 419–435. doi:10.1177/0146167200266002.CrossRef Reis, H. T., Sheldon, K. M., Gable, S. L., Roscoe, J., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). Daily well-being: The role of autonomy, competence, and relatedness. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 26(4), 419–435. doi:10.​1177/​0146167200266002​.CrossRef
go back to reference Reis, H. T., Smith, S. M., Carmichael, C. L., Caprariello, P. A., Tsai, F., Rodrigues, A., & Maniaci, M. R. (2010). Are you happy for me? How sharing positive events with others provides personal and interpersonal benefits. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(2), 311–329. doi:10.1037/a0018344.CrossRef Reis, H. T., Smith, S. M., Carmichael, C. L., Caprariello, P. A., Tsai, F., Rodrigues, A., & Maniaci, M. R. (2010). Are you happy for me? How sharing positive events with others provides personal and interpersonal benefits. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 99(2), 311–329. doi:10.​1037/​a0018344.CrossRef
go back to reference Rosnow, R. L., & Rosenthal, R. (1997). People studying people: Artifacts and ethics in behavioral research. New York: WH Freeman. Rosnow, R. L., & Rosenthal, R. (1997). People studying people: Artifacts and ethics in behavioral research. New York: WH Freeman.
go back to reference Ruehlman, L. S., & Wolchik, S. A. (1988). Personal goals and interpersonal support and hindrance as factors in psychological distress and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(2), 293–301. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.55.2.293.CrossRef Ruehlman, L. S., & Wolchik, S. A. (1988). Personal goals and interpersonal support and hindrance as factors in psychological distress and well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(2), 293–301. doi:10.​1037/​0022-3514.​55.​2.​293.CrossRef
go back to reference Saphire-Bernstein, S., & Taylor, S. E. (2013). Close relationships and happiness. In S. A. David, I. Boniwell, & A. C. Ayers (Eds.), Oxford handbook of happiness (pp. 821–833). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Saphire-Bernstein, S., & Taylor, S. E. (2013). Close relationships and happiness. In S. A. David, I. Boniwell, & A. C. Ayers (Eds.), Oxford handbook of happiness (pp. 821–833). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
go back to reference Schwartz, A. L., Galliher, R. V., & Rodríguez, M. M. D. (2011). Self-disclosure in Latinos’ intercultural and intracultural friendships and acquaintanceships: Links with collectivism, ethnic identity, and acculturation. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 17(1), 116. doi:10.1037/a0021824.CrossRef Schwartz, A. L., Galliher, R. V., & Rodríguez, M. M. D. (2011). Self-disclosure in Latinos’ intercultural and intracultural friendships and acquaintanceships: Links with collectivism, ethnic identity, and acculturation. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 17(1), 116. doi:10.​1037/​a0021824.CrossRef
go back to reference Shallcross, S. L., Howland, M., Bemis, J., Simpson, J. A., & Frazier, P. (2011). Not “capitalizing” on social capitalization interactions: The role of attachment insecurity. Journal of Family Psychology, 25(1), 77. doi:10.1037/a0021876.CrossRef Shallcross, S. L., Howland, M., Bemis, J., Simpson, J. A., & Frazier, P. (2011). Not “capitalizing” on social capitalization interactions: The role of attachment insecurity. Journal of Family Psychology, 25(1), 77. doi:10.​1037/​a0021876.CrossRef
go back to reference Shaver, P., Furman, W., & Buhrmester, D. (1985). Transition to college: Network changes, social skills, and loneliness. In S. Duck & D. Perlman (Eds.), Understanding personal relationships: An interdisciplinary approach (pp. 193–219). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc. Shaver, P., Furman, W., & Buhrmester, D. (1985). Transition to college: Network changes, social skills, and loneliness. In S. Duck & D. Perlman (Eds.), Understanding personal relationships: An interdisciplinary approach (pp. 193–219). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications Inc.
go back to reference Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R., & Reis, H. T. (1996). What makes for a good day? Competence and autonomy in the day and in the person. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(12), 1270–1279. doi:10.1177/01461672962212007.CrossRef Sheldon, K. M., Ryan, R., & Reis, H. T. (1996). What makes for a good day? Competence and autonomy in the day and in the person. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 22(12), 1270–1279. doi:10.​1177/​0146167296221200​7.CrossRef
go back to reference Sirsch, U., Dreher, E., Mayr, E., & Willinger, U. (2009). What does it take to be an adult in Austria? Views of adulthood in Austrian adolescents, emerging adults, and adults. Journal of Adolescent Research, 24(3), 275–292. doi:10.1177/0743558408331184.CrossRef Sirsch, U., Dreher, E., Mayr, E., & Willinger, U. (2009). What does it take to be an adult in Austria? Views of adulthood in Austrian adolescents, emerging adults, and adults. Journal of Adolescent Research, 24(3), 275–292. doi:10.​1177/​0743558408331184​.CrossRef
go back to reference Solano, C. H. (1986). People without friends: Loneliness and its alternatives. In V. J. Derlega & B. A. Winstead (Eds.), Friendship and social interaction (pp. 227–246). New York, NY: Springer.CrossRef Solano, C. H. (1986). People without friends: Loneliness and its alternatives. In V. J. Derlega & B. A. Winstead (Eds.), Friendship and social interaction (pp. 227–246). New York, NY: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Stafford, L. (2005). Maintaining long-distance and cross-residential relationships. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum. Stafford, L. (2005). Maintaining long-distance and cross-residential relationships. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
go back to reference Taylor, S. E. (2002). The tending instinct: How nurturing is essential to who we are and how we live. New York, NY: Henry Holt. Taylor, S. E. (2002). The tending instinct: How nurturing is essential to who we are and how we live. New York, NY: Henry Holt.
go back to reference Walen, H. R., & Lachman, M. E. (2000). Social support and strain from partner, family, and friends: Costs and benefits for men and women in adulthood. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 17(1), 5–30. doi:10.1177/0265407500171001.CrossRef Walen, H. R., & Lachman, M. E. (2000). Social support and strain from partner, family, and friends: Costs and benefits for men and women in adulthood. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 17(1), 5–30. doi:10.​1177/​0265407500171001​.CrossRef
go back to reference Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.54.6.1063.CrossRef Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063–1070. doi:10.​1037/​0022-3514.​54.​6.​1063.CrossRef
go back to reference Weiner, A. S., & Hannum, J. W. (2013). Differences in the quantity of social support between geographically close and long-distance friendships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 30(5), 662–672. doi:10.1177/0265407512465997.CrossRef Weiner, A. S., & Hannum, J. W. (2013). Differences in the quantity of social support between geographically close and long-distance friendships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 30(5), 662–672. doi:10.​1177/​0265407512465997​.CrossRef
go back to reference Winstead, B. A., Derlega, V. J., & Rose, S. (1997). Gender and close relationships. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications. Winstead, B. A., Derlega, V. J., & Rose, S. (1997). Gender and close relationships. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
go back to reference Woods, S., Lambert, N., Brown, P., Fincham, F., & May, R. (2015). “I’m so excited for you!” How an enthusiastic responding intervention enhances close relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 32(1), 24–40. doi:10.1177/0265407514523545.CrossRef Woods, S., Lambert, N., Brown, P., Fincham, F., & May, R. (2015). “I’m so excited for you!” How an enthusiastic responding intervention enhances close relationships. Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, 32(1), 24–40. doi:10.​1177/​0265407514523545​.CrossRef
go back to reference Wright, P. H. (1985). The acquaintances description form. In S. Duck & D. Perlman (Eds.), Understanding personal relationships: An interdisciplinary approach (pp. 39–62). London: Sage. Wright, P. H. (1985). The acquaintances description form. In S. Duck & D. Perlman (Eds.), Understanding personal relationships: An interdisciplinary approach (pp. 39–62). London: Sage.
go back to reference Wright, P. H., & Scanlon, M. B. (1991). Gender role orientations and friendship: Some attenuation, but gender differences abound. Sex Roles, 24(9), 551–566. doi:10.1007/BF00288413.CrossRef Wright, P. H., & Scanlon, M. B. (1991). Gender role orientations and friendship: Some attenuation, but gender differences abound. Sex Roles, 24(9), 551–566. doi:10.​1007/​BF00288413.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
My Friends Are My Estate: Friendship Experiences Mediate the Relationship Between Perceived Responses to Capitalization Attempts and Happiness
Authors
Melikşah Demir
Andrew Haynes
Shannon K. Potts
Publication date
20-06-2016
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Journal of Happiness Studies / Issue 4/2017
Print ISSN: 1389-4978
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7780
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9762-9

Other articles of this Issue 4/2017

Journal of Happiness Studies 4/2017 Go to the issue