Nanostructured Materials for Lithium/Sulfur Batteries
- 2024
- Book
- Editors
- Amadou Belal Gueye
- Sabu Thomas
- Book Series
- Engineering Materials
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
About this book
This book delves into the key aspects of lithium/sulfur batteries, exploring their electrochemistry, reaction mechanisms, disadvantages, and characterization methods. It highlights recent advances in designing nanostructured electrode materials, including various carbon-host materials, polymer-derived materials, binder-free sulfur-hosts, and metal oxides. The impact of these nanostructures on battery properties such as capacitance, rate capability, and cycle stability is discussed, providing guidelines for future electrode design. The book also reviews the progress in electrolytes and the development of advanced separators, such as functionalized polyolefins, carbon-metal oxide hybrids, and electrospun materials, and presents the future outlook and challenges in this field.
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Table of Contents
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Frontmatter
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Introduction to Lithium/Sulfur Batteries
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Frontmatter
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Introduction, History, Advantages and Main Problems in Lithium/Sulfur Batteries Systems
Amadou Belal Gueye, Modou Fall, Sabu ThomasAbstractLithium/sulfur (Li/S) batteries have received a lot of interest as a possible alternative to traditional lithium-ion batteries because of their high energy density and low cost. This chapter provides an overview of the history, benefits and major issues associated with Li/S batteries. The historical background of Li/S batteries dates back to the 1960s, when researchers recognized the high specific capacity of sulfur as a cathode material. Since then, significant progress has been made to improve the performance and stability of Li/S batteries. In fact, 1980s marked the beginning of experimental work, followed by intensive research efforts in the 1990s to understand fundamental electrochemical processes and develop new materials and designs. In this chapter, we have highlighted the advantages of Li/S batteries are highlighted, in particular their high energy density. Sulfur, the cathode material, has a high theoretical capacity, allowing Li/S batteries to store more energy per unit mass compared to conventional lithium-ion batteries. This characteristic makes Li/S batteries attractive for applications requiring long-lasting power. In addition, the abundance and low cost of sulfur contribute to the profitability of Li/S batteries. In terms of environmental friendliness, sulfur is non-toxic and reduces reliance on environmentally sensitive materials, making Li/S batteries more durable. Despite their advantages, Li/S batteries face several challenges. One of the main issues is the dissolution of sulfur and the formation of polysulfide intermediates during cycling, which can lead to capacity loss and decreased battery performance over time. Researchers focused on solving this problem by developing sulfur hosts, confining sulfur in nanoscale structures, and optimizing electrolyte compositions. Another challenge is the volume expansion of sulfur during charge/discharge cycles, which can lead to electrode degradation and reduced life. In addition, the problems related to the low electrical conductivity of sulfur and the shuttle effect of polysulfides must be solved for the commercial viability of Li/S batteries.Lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries have gained significant attention due to their high energy density and low cost compared to traditional lithium-ion batteries. This chapter delves into the history of Li–S batteries, tracing their development from the 1960s to present-day advancements. It highlights the numerous advantages of Li–S batteries, including their high energy density, safety features, and environmental friendliness. However, the chapter also discusses the main problems that hinder the widespread adoption of Li–S batteries, such as poor cycling stability, low electrical conductivity of sulfur, and volume expansion issues. Despite these challenges, the chapter underscores the promising future of Li–S batteries, emphasizing the ongoing research efforts to overcome these obstacles and bring this technology closer to commercialization.AI Generated
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Electrochemistry and Basic Reaction Mechanism of Lithium Metal/Sulfur Batteries
Molaiyan Palanivel, Andrea PaolellaAbstractThe Li-sulfur (S) battery is a promising electrochemical system as a high-energy rechargeable battery due to its low cost and high theoretical specific energy. This chapter focuses on mechanism understanding of elemental sulfur conversion into Li2S through the polysulfides formation. The shuttle effect of Li2S4, Li2S6 and Li2S8 species is the main responsible of low Coulombic Efficiency. During charge metallic lithium is consumed followed by the formation of insulating Li2S layer on its surface. This chapter aims to summarize the most recent works reported in literature to understand the origin of this detrimental reaction.This chapter delves into the electrochemistry and basic reaction mechanisms of lithium metal/sulfur batteries, a promising technology for electric vehicles and green energy transitions. Despite their high theoretical capacity and abundance, lithium-sulfur batteries face significant challenges, including low conductivity, volume changes, and the shuttle effect of polysulfides. Recent research has focused on understanding and mitigating these issues through the development of advanced cathode materials, optimized electrolytes, and interlayer materials. The chapter also explores the influence of electrolyte composition on polysulfide formation and the role of radicals in the charge/discharge process. By addressing these challenges, lithium-sulfur batteries have the potential to revolutionize the energy storage landscape, provided that further advancements in cycle life and electrolyte optimization are achieved.AI Generated
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Characterization Methods for Lithium/Sulfur Batteries
Salim ErolAbstractLithium-sulfur batteries are a promising candidate for high-energy-density storage systems due to their high theoretical specific energy, low cost, and environmental friendliness. However, the practical use of these batteries has been limited by several challenges, including low cycle life and poor rate capability. To address these challenges, researchers have been working on developing new characterization methods to gain insights into the fundamental electrochemical processes occurring within these batteries. Lithium-sulfur batteries, with their unparalleled energy density potential, have emerged as a frontrunner in the pursuit of advanced energy storage technologies. However, the complex electrochemical processes inherent in lithium-sulfur batteries introduce challenges that demand a thorough understanding of their behavior at various scales. Characterization methods, ranging from macroscopic electrochemical analyses to microscopic structural investigations, play a crucial role in unraveling the intricacies of lithium-sulfur battery systems. In this chapter, some of the key characterization methods used for lithium-sulfur batteries will be discussed, including electrochemical methods impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, galvanostatic charge and discharge, cycling, and capacity measurement, scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and scanning electrochemical microscopy.The chapter delves into the characterization methods for lithium/sulfur (Li–S) batteries, highlighting their importance in unraveling the intricacies of these systems. Techniques such as electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), cyclic voltammetry (CV), and galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) are explored, each offering unique perspectives on the structural, morphological, and electrochemical aspects of Li–S batteries. The chapter also discusses microscopic characterization methods like scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM). These methods collectively form a comprehensive understanding of Li–S battery behavior, essential for optimizing their design and performance. The chapter is structured to explore diverse characterization techniques, classifying them into electrochemical methods and microscopic analyses. It aims to provide not only a technical understanding but also practical insights that can inform the design, optimization, and troubleshooting of Li–S batteries. Through a synthesis of theory, methodology, and real-world applications, this chapter endeavors to contribute to the ongoing quest for high-performance, long-lasting, and economically viable energy storage solutions.AI Generated
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Host Nanostructured Materials for Sulfur Cathode
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Frontmatter
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Typical Carbon-Host Materials
Haoyu Wang, Gui-Ping DaiAbstractSulfur has the advantages of high energy density, abundant natural sources, low pollution and low cost, making it an excellent cathode material for the next generation of energy storage batteries. As a result, lithium-sulfur batteries using sulfur as the cathode material also have a high theoretical energy density of 2567 Wh kg−1, much higher than the energy density of current commercial lithium-ion batteries, and are recognised as one of the excellent candidates for the next generation of energy storage batteries. However, lithium-sulfur batteries suffer from challenges such as low conductivity, low sulfur utilisation, poor cycle life and the shuttle effect of polysulphides. In recent years, researchers have worked to solve these problems by changing cathode materials, adhesives, electrolytes and battery structures. Carbon materials have received a great deal of research as effective cathode materials. This chapter focuses on the application of typical carbon materials in lithium-sulfur batteries.The chapter delves into the urgent need for next-generation batteries due to the limitations of current lithium-ion technology. Lithium-sulfur batteries are highlighted as a promising solution due to their high theoretical energy density and low cost. However, significant challenges such as low electrical conductivity, the shuttle effect, and volume expansion are discussed. The critical role of the cathode in lithium-sulfur batteries is emphasized, with carbon-based materials identified as effective hosts to address these issues. The chapter explores the advantages of carbon materials, including excellent electrical conductivity and high reactivity, and their potential in enhancing battery performance. Various types of carbon-based materials, such as porous carbon, graphene, carbon nanotubes, and carbon nanofibers, are examined for their unique properties and applications in lithium-sulfur batteries. The chapter also discusses the mechanisms by which these materials improve sulfur utilization, hinder polysulfide migration, and enhance battery stability and performance.AI Generated
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One-Dimensional Carbon-Based Host Materials
Fail Sultanov, Ayaulym Belgibayeva, Almagul Mentbayeva, Zhumabay BakenovAbstractOne-dimensional (1D) carbon-based hosts are widely used as a conductive matrix for lithium-sulfur batteries due to their high aspect ratio, specific surface area, excellent flexibility, superior conductivity, and the possibility to be easily functionalized/modified. In this chapter, the 1D nanostructured carbon-based host materials for lithium-sulfur batteries (LSBs) are introduced and the main requirements and functionalities are comprehensively discussed. The carbon-based hosts mainly include carbon nanotubes, carbon nanofibers, and their composites with polar compounds. The methods of synthesis and type of the precursor material, as well as the effect of the obtained carbon host on the electrochemical properties of the LSBs, are illustrated. Different strategies for polysulfide adsorption and their catalytic conversion, as well as the functions of various components in the composite matrix of 1D carbon-host, are summarized and compared. Finally, perspectives for future research are proposed.The chapter delves into the advantages of one-dimensional carbon-based host materials, such as carbon nanotubes (CNTs) and carbon nanofibers (CNFs), in lithium-sulfur batteries. These materials offer high conductivity, good wettability, and excellent mechanical properties, which enhance the performance of sulfur cathodes. The chapter explores various synthesis methods, including chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and electrospinning, and discusses the electrochemical characteristics of different cathode compositions. It also highlights the potential of combining 1D carbon materials with other components, such as graphene and metal compounds, to further improve battery performance. The chapter concludes with a summary of the challenges and future directions in this field, emphasizing the need for further research to optimize the use of 1D carbon-based materials in lithium-sulfur batteries.AI Generated
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Two Dimensional Carbon-Host Materials
M. Victoria Bracamonte, Guillermina L. Luque, Andres Ruderman, Esteban Euti, Sofía Raviolo, Javier Luque Di Salvo, E. Maximiliano Gavilan-Arriazu, Martin E. Zoloff Michoff, Ezequiel P. M. LeivaAbstractThis chapter provides a comprehensive overview of two-dimensional carbon-host materials, focusing on their application in lithium-sulfur batteries. Various configurations of carbon, including graphene, graphene oxide, and mesoporous carbon nanosheets, are explored. The effects of different functional groups, such as pyridinic nitrogen, ketone oxygen, graphitic boron, and fluorine, on the anchoring effect of heteroatom dopants toward sulfur-containing species are described. Importantly, this study transcends experimental investigations, delving into the computational viewpoint. The interplay between the material characteristics, electrolyte penetration, volume expansion, and the shuttle effect is discussed. Potential solutions to these challenges, including those based on free volume optimization, additive incorporation, and the implementation of binder-free electrode structures, are explored. This dual perspective, considering both experimental and computational aspects, enhances our understanding of the intricate kinetics influencing the performance of two-dimensional carbon hosts in lithium-sulfur batteries, thereby laying the groundwork for advanced battery technology.The chapter begins by introducing the unique properties of graphene, a two-dimensional carbon material known for its exceptional electrical, thermal, and mechanical properties. It then explores the potential of graphene derivatives, such as graphene oxide and reduced graphene oxide, which offer similar benefits but are more accessible through simpler exfoliation methods. The focus shifts to the application of these materials in lithium-sulfur batteries, where they serve as crucial components in improving battery performance by addressing issues like low electrical and ionic conductivity and the shuttle effect. The chapter offers an experimental perspective, detailing how graphene-based materials can form networks and three-dimensional structures that enhance battery functionality. This comprehensive overview sets the stage for understanding the practical implications of these materials in next-generation battery technologies.AI Generated
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Three Dimensional Carbon Host Materials
S. K. Tripathi, Sheenam SachdevaAbstractRecently, various carbonaceous materials including porous carbon, one-dimensional and two-dimensional carbon structures are gaining momentum to be used as the promising host materials for better sulphur cathode design in Li–S secondary batteries. But still Li–S batteries are facing some technological challenges such as polysulphides intermediates dissolution resulting shuttle effect, large volume expansion of active sulphur, suitable electrolyte matching and less sulphur loading in the carbon/sulphur composite cathode. A step forward to overcome the addressed problems is to find the appropriate cathode using three dimensional carbon as a host material which not only ensure the higher sulphur loading in the carbon/sulphur composite but also can enhance the electrochemical performance of Li–S batteries. This chapter summarizes the chemical properties of three dimensional carbon host materials used in the Li–S batteries. It mainly focuses on the influences of these materials in achieving higher electrochemical performance of Li–S batteries.The chapter begins by introducing the fundamental properties and importance of carbon in various forms, particularly in the context of energy storage systems. It then delves into the specific application of carbon host materials in lithium-sulfur batteries, discussing their advantages and the challenges they face. The main focus is on the use of three-dimensional carbon nanostructures, which have shown promise in enhancing the electrochemical performance of these batteries. The chapter highlights recent progress and innovative approaches in developing 3D carbon/sulfur composite cathodes, emphasizing their potential to overcome the limitations of traditional materials. It concludes by summarizing the current state of research and suggesting future directions for advancements in this field.AI Generated
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Polymer Derived Carbon-Host Materials
Dong Guo, Zhiping Lai, Yangxing LiAbstractLithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries hold immense promise for surpassing the energy densities of conventional Li-ion battery technologies. However, the inherent low electronic conductivity of sulfur and polysulfides necessitates the utilization of a conductive host material. Addressing this challenge, the development of advanced sulfur hosts is pivotal for practical applications of Li–S batteries. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of recent advancements in polymer-derived carbon hosts, which is crucial to the future enhancement of high-energy sulfur cathodes. The physical and chemical adsorption mechanisms, along with cutting-edge preparation techniques will be summarized. Furthermore, the intricate relationship between the polymer precursors and morphology/chemical structure of the carbon host is discussed, and its impact on battery performance is thoroughly explored.The chapter 'Polymer Derived Carbon-Host Materials' delves into the recent progress of polymer-derived carbon materials as sulfur hosts for Li–S batteries. It begins by exploring the physical and chemical adsorption mechanisms of lithium polysulfides (LiPS) in these materials. The chapter then classifies these materials based on their source and preparation methods, offering detailed analyses of their relationships with structures, morphologies, and performance. Notably, it highlights the use of heteroatom-doped polymer-derived carbon hosts, which have shown enhanced ability to suppress the shuttle effect through chemical absorption. The chapter also discusses the challenges and opportunities ahead, aiming to serve as a valuable reference for the development and commercialization of various polymer-derived carbon hosts in Li–S batteries.AI Generated
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Binder-Free Sulfur Host Materials
Youzhang Huang, Dong-Liang Peng, Qingshui XieAbstractWith the booming advances of various electrical products, the updating of energy storage technologies is essential for meeting the demands of modern society. Lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries are considered one of the most promising next-generation electrochemical power sources to replace traditional lithium-ion batteries because of their high energy density and the abundant resource of active sulfur. However, the practical application of Li–S batteries is still hindered by the critical drawback of the notorious polysulfide shuttle effect, which results in severe sulfur loss, short cycle life, and unsatisfactory Coulombic efficiency. The overall device performance of Li–S batteries depends on not only the development of host materials but also the architecture design of electrodes. Among various host architectures, binder-free sulfur-host materials are verified to be one of the feasible structural designs to enhance the electrochemical performance of Li–S batteries. The strong mechanical properties and high electrical conductivity endow them with adequate capacity for high sulfur loading and efficient transfer of electrons/mass. In this chapter, the recent progress on binder-free sulfur host materials is focused on carbonous, polar metal compounds and polymer-based binder-free sulfur hosts. In the following, the relevant works about binder-free sulfur electrodes from such three aspects will be discussed and summarized.The practical application of Li–S batteries is hindered by the notorious shuttle effect of soluble lithium polysulfides, leading to sulfur loss and short cycle life. This chapter explores the development of binder-free sulfur host materials, which aim to enhance sulfur loading and electrochemical reversibility. Carbon-based materials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene, have shown promise due to their high electrical conductivity and structural stability. However, their non-polar characteristics limit their effectiveness in suppressing the shuttle effect. Transition metal compounds, including oxides, sulfides, carbides, and nitrides, have been integrated into sulfur cathodes to improve polysulfide adsorption and redox kinetics. Additionally, polymer-based hosts have been developed to provide efficient adsorption and catalysis for LiPSs. The chapter also discusses the challenges and future directions in optimizing binder-free sulfur hosts to achieve high energy density and long cycle life in Li–S batteries.AI Generated
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Metal Oxides as Sulfur Host Cathodes
Lei Zhou, Dmitri L. Danilov, Peter H. L. NottenAbstractMetal oxides are a major type of sulfur host which can substantially improve the electrochemistry of sulfur cathodes. Due to the presence of a strong polar surface, metal oxides can effectively adsorb polysulfides via chemical bonding, resulting in enhanced confinement of polysulfides. Besides, the abundant metal sites can catalyze the electrochemical conversion of sulfur species, effectively improving the reaction kinetics of Li–S batteries. However, the compromised conductivity of metal oxides is detrimental to the charge transfer of sulfur cathodes, impeding rapid redox conversion of Li–S batteries. Therefore, the design of metal oxide host materials that can confine sulfur species and accelerate their redox conversion kinetics has been a promising strategy for high-performance Li–S batteries. In this chapter, we first discuss the interactions between metal oxide hosts with sulfur, unraveling the underlying mechanisms of metal oxides towards the confinement and catalytic conversion of sulfur. Then various metal oxide hosts used in Li–S batteries are systematically summarized. Finally, the design strategies of metal oxide hosts are presented, including heterostructures, vacancies, and morphology engineering. This chapter can provide a cutting-edge insight into metal oxides as sulfur host cathodes.The chapter explores the potential of metal oxides as sulfur host cathodes in lithium-sulfur batteries, addressing the challenges posed by sulfur's poor conductivity and soluble polysulfide intermediates. It delves into the interaction between metal oxides and sulfur species, focusing on physical confinement and chemical adsorption. Various metal oxide hosts, such as cobalt-based, titanium-based, manganese-based, iron-based, and mixed metal oxides, are systematically summarized. The chapter also discusses design strategies like heterostructure construction, vacancy modulation, and morphology engineering to enhance conductivity, adsorption, and catalytic activities. This detailed exploration offers a cutting-edge insight into the development of more efficient sulfur host cathodes for high-performance lithium-sulfur batteries.AI Generated
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Nanostructured Lithium Sulfide Cathode Materials for Lithium/Sulfur Batteries
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Frontmatter
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Problems and Challenges in Lithium Sulphide Cathode
Tarun Patodia, Rajesh Sahu, Narendra Khatri, Ankur JainAbstractIn the realm of nanotechnology, the rapid evolution of electronic gadgets, versatile hardware, and electric vehicles has laid bare the inadequacies of current lithium batteries, particularly in terms of deliverable power and cycle life. Addressing the escalating energy demands, lithium-sulfur (Li–S) batteries have emerged as a central focus of technological innovation. The theoretical allure of these batteries lies in their impressive specific capacity of 1675 mA h/g and an energy density reaching up to 2600 Wh/Kg. However, the integration of sulfur as an independent cathode material is hindered by its insulating nature and the formation of soluble compounds. Overcoming these challenges necessitates the use of additives to establish a conducive conducting network for effective composite formation in electrode materials. Recent advancements, including microstructure design involving various materials like aligned sulfur/carbon nanotube nanocomposite cathodes, show promise in enhancing lithium storage activity. These explorations offer valuable insights into crafting novel cathode materials with distinctive morphologies and crystal structures for future Li–S batteries, ultimately enhancing the electrochemical process, encompassing aspects like cycling stability and efficiency. This chapter endeavors to shed light on past research endeavors, emphasizing the common use of Li–S batteries, while addressing hurdles related to cathode materials, their compatibility with electrolytes, and the anode. By navigating through these challenges, the aim is to pave the way for the practical adoption of Li–S batteries, aligning with the surging demands of contemporary energy-intensive applications.The chapter delves into the pressing need for efficient and environmentally friendly battery technology to meet the growing energy demands of modern devices. It critically evaluates the limitations of past battery technologies, such as lead acid and nickel-based batteries, and highlights the advantages of lithium sulphide batteries. These advantages include high energy density, low cost, non-toxicity, and improved safety characteristics. The chapter also explores the unique electrochemical processes involved in lithium sulphide batteries, focusing on the alloying mechanism that leads to the formation of complex compounds. It compares the performance of lithium sulphide batteries with lithium-ion batteries, emphasizing their superior energy output and environmental benefits. The chapter concludes by discussing the key components of a lithium sulphide battery and the chemical processes that occur during discharge, providing a detailed understanding of this promising technology.AI Generated
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Lithium Sulfide (Li2S)-Metal Nanocomposites
Misganaw Adigo Weret, Tamilarasan Elango Balaji, Bing Joe HwangAbstractLithium sulfide (Li2S) is considered a highly attractive cathode for establishing high-energy–density rechargeable batteries because of its high theoretical capacity (1167 mA h g−1), low cost, and compatibility with lithium-free anodes. In addition, since Li2S is a fully lithiated state of sulfur, Li2S cathode alleviates the volume expansion challenge commonly encountered in the sulfur cathode. Moreover, Li2S cathode coupled with lithium-free anodes provides a promising approach for overcoming the safety problems of the metallic lithium anode and thereby holds high potential for commercial applications. However, its inert electrochemical nature causes large activation overpotential in the initial charge process. The electrochemistry of Li2S cathode suffers low conductivities (both electronic and ionic) and polysulfides shuttle effect. Metal nanocomposites have interesting characteristics of good conductivity, electrochemical and catalytic properties. These intriguing properties of metal nanocomposites make them suitable for designing and developing Li2S-metal nanocomposite cathodes. As a result, proper designing of the Li2S-based cathode with metal nanocomposites is crucial for activating the Li2S cathode in the initial charge process and improving the electrochemical performance of Li2S-based batteries.The chapter explores the potential of Li2S-metal nanocomposites in lithium-sulfur batteries, focusing on their ability to address the challenges posed by lithium metal anodes. It delves into various synthesis methods, such as ball milling, carbothermal reduction, and lithiothermic reactions, and highlights the significant improvements in electronic conductivity and ionic mobility achieved by these nanocomposites. The chapter also discusses the role of metal nanocomposites in reducing the initial charge potential barrier and enhancing the cycling stability of Li2S cathodes. Additionally, it examines the strategies to mitigate polysulfide dissolution and the shuttle effect, which are critical issues in Li-S batteries. The chapter concludes by emphasizing the need for scalable and economical synthesis methods for the practical utilization of Li2S-metal nanocomposites in high-energy Li-S batteries.AI Generated
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LI2S-Carbon Nanocomposites
Qinghua Zhang, Juan ZhuAbstractWith the popularity of portable electronic devices and the promotion of electric vehicles, the requirements for energy storage devices are improving. Lithium-sulfur (Li–S) battery is considered as one of the next generation batteries to replace lithium-ion battery due to its high theoretical specific capacity and high energy density. Lithium sulfide (Li2S) is selected as a potential cathode material for Li–S batteries because it can be paired with anodes without metallic lithium, which effectively circumvent volume expansion during sulfur reduction reaction and avoid the safety problems caused by lithium dendrites. However, the application of Li2S cathode is hindered by its electrical and lithium-ion insulation, high activation potential and shuttle effect in electrochemical reaction. Rational designing and construction of Li2S-carbon nanocomposites has been proved to effectively alleviate the above problems. Therefore, this chapter reviews Li2S cathode with Li2S-carbon nanocomposite structure from aspects of preparation method, reducing activation potential and inhibiting shuttle effect.The chapter delves into the use of Li2S as a cathode material in Li–S batteries, highlighting its advantages such as high specific capacity and environmental friendliness. However, challenges like sluggish redox kinetics and the shuttle effect of polysulfides are addressed. Various synthesis methods for Li2S-carbon nanocomposites are discussed, including liquid phase synthesis, carbonization reduction, and gas-solid reactions. Strategies to inhibit the shuttle effect and reduce activation potential are also explored, making this chapter a valuable resource for understanding the latest advancements in Li–S battery technology.AI Generated
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Nanostructured Hybrid Cathode Materials for Lithium/Sulfur Batteries
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Frontmatter
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Carbon-Based Nanocomposites
Dipsikha Ganguly, Ramaprabhu SundaraAbstractLithium-sulfur batteries are one of the most promising technologies among the emerging electrochemical energy storage due to its high energy density, high theoretical capacity, low cost and abundance of sulfur cathode.. It can be a potential alternative to Li–ion batteries for electric vehicle industries. However, issues like high polysulfide shutting, insulating sulfur species; large volume expansion have hindered its commercial application. In this chapter we have demonstrated the carbon nanostructure-Sulfur composite cathodes which can easily be able to alleviate these technical issues in the future. The development of different sulfur/carbon composite cathode which includes different porous carbons, carbon nanotubes, graphene, carbon nanorod, carbon nanofibers, and their composites are demonstrated. The change in the chemical interaction of lithium polysulfides with cathode surface can successfully be tuned by modification of these carbons with different metal inorganic, organics, polymers have been discussed in this chapter.The chapter delves into the advantages of lithium-sulfur batteries, such as high energy density and low cost, but also addresses the challenges like low sulfur utilization and polysulfide dissolution. It then focuses on carbon-based nanocomposites as a solution, detailing how they improve conductivity, mechanical stability, and polysulfide confinement. The use of porous carbon nanostructures, one-dimensional carbon nanostructures, and graphene-based composites is explored, with examples of how surface functionalization and doping can enhance performance. The chapter also discusses the potential of flexible binder-free carbon-sulfur nanocomposite cathodes for future energy storage applications, making it a compelling read for those interested in the latest advancements in battery technology.AI Generated
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Metal Oxides Based Nanocomposites for Lithium-Sulfur Batteries
Ababay Ketema Worku, Delele Worku Ayele, Molla Asmare Alemu, Minbale Admas Teshager, Negese Yazie Amogne, Fentahun Adamu GetieAbstractRecently, rechargeable lithium–sulfur (Li–S) batteries gained tremendous attention due to their greater capacity and more affordable price as compared to other battery types. Moreover, lithium-sulfur batteries have many advantages over lithium-ion batteries, the high cathode volume, insulation of sulfur species, shuttle effect of polysulfides and formation of lithium dendrites have a negative impact on the performance and capacity of lithium-sulfur batteries. Due to sulfur's poor electronic conductivity, Li–S batteries can only operate at a restricted pace and for a limited number of cycles. It has been suggested that the rational design of Metal Oxides based nanocomposites cathodes is a viable way to boost sulfur usage and enhance cycle performance of Li–S batteries. We will review the most current developments in Metal Oxides based nanocomposites for Li–S battery cathodes here. On the future of Metal Oxides based nanocomposites cathodes for high performance Li–S batteries, some insights are also provided.This chapter delves into the recent developments of metal oxide-based nanocomposites for lithium-sulfur batteries, addressing the challenges posed by the insulating nature of sulfur and lithium polysulfides. It explores the superior adsorption capabilities of metal oxides compared to carbon and conductive polymers, and highlights the various nanostructured metal compounds designed to contain polysulfides effectively. The chapter also discusses the key design principles for enhancing the performance of lithium-sulfur batteries, including the development of nanostructured sulfur-based composite cathodes, separator and binder modifications, electrolyte enhancements, and lithium metal protection. Additionally, it provides a timeline of the development of lithium-sulfur batteries and offers future directions for their growth, making it a valuable resource for specialists in the field.AI Generated
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Conducting Polymers-Based Nano Composites
Minbale Admas Teshager, Ababay Ketema Worku, Delele Worku Ayele, Fentahun Adamu Getie, Negese Yazie Amogne, Addisu Alemayehu AssegieAbstractRecently, conducting polymer-based Nano composites have grown tremendously due to their advantages of good electrical properties for different applications. One of the applications that have got great attention in this area is energy storage. In this regard, lithium-sulfur batteries have got many advantages and promising alternative to current generation lithium-ion batteries (LIBs); due to the energy density delivered by lithium-sulfur (Li–S) is up to 5 times greater than LIBs. However, there are several challenges to commercial (Li–S) battery due to low conductivity, volume expansion and fast capacity fading. To overcome the above-mentioned challenges, using conducting Polymer based Nano composite materials are the main research hotspots in Li–S batteries to improve the ionic conductivity of the system. Here some insights about the most current developments in conducting Polymer based Nano composite for Li–S battery is provided.The chapter delves into the fascinating world of conducting polymers, highlighting their unique properties and applications in energy storage and conversion technologies. It begins with an introduction to polymers and their multifaceted uses in various industries. The focus then shifts to conducting polymers, which are attractive for high-throughput energy storage applications due to their controllable resistance, cost-effectiveness, and excellent electrochemical properties. The synthesis and working mechanism of nanometer-scaled conducting polymers are discussed, emphasizing their improved physicochemical properties compared to bulk counterparts. The chapter also explores the application of conducting polymers in energy storage devices, such as lithium-ion batteries and supercapacitors, and their role as binders and active materials. Furthermore, it discusses the challenges and potential solutions for lithium-sulfur batteries, highlighting the promising role of conducting polymer nanocomposites in enhancing their performance. The chapter concludes with future perspectives on the design and structure optimization of conducting polymer nanocomposites for next-generation energy storage systems.AI Generated
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- Title
- Nanostructured Materials for Lithium/Sulfur Batteries
- Editors
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Amadou Belal Gueye
Sabu Thomas
- Copyright Year
- 2024
- Publisher
- Springer International Publishing
- Electronic ISBN
- 978-3-031-66226-3
- Print ISBN
- 978-3-031-66225-6
- DOI
- https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-66226-3
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