Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance
Published in: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 8/2014

01-08-2014

Physical Simulation of Hot Deformation of Low-Carbon Ti-Nb Microalloyed Steel and Microstructural Studies

Authors: S. K. Rajput, G. P. Chaudhari, S. K. Nath

Published in: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance | Issue 8/2014

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Constitutive equations for the flow behavior of a 0.13 pct C-1.52 pct Mn-0.28 pct Si-0.05 pct Nb-0.052 pct Ti microalloyed steel are determined. For this purpose, uniaxial hot compression tests were performed over a wide range of strain rates (0.01 to 80 s−1) and temperatures (750 to 1050 °C). From microstructural observations, the physical processes that occurred during deformation are discussed and related to the stress-strain responses. Using sinh type constitutive equation, the average apparent activation energy for hot deformation is obtained as 359 kJ/mol. The processing map obtained using the power dissipation efficiency, η, correlates well with microstructural changes observed. In the temperature range of 825-1050 °C and strain rate range of 0.01-0.1 s−1, the strain rate sensitivity map and the power dissipation map exhibit a peak domain wherein dynamic recrystallization is the primary restoration mechanism. Safe domains of strain, strain rate, and temperature for hot working of this steel have been identified.
previous article Modeling the Material Flow and Heat Transfer in Reverse Dual-Rotation Friction Stir Welding
next article Growth Kinetics of the Fe2B Layers and Adhesion on Armco Iron Substrate

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
Literature
1.
F.B.E. Hassani, A. Chenaouia, R. Dkiouak, L. Elbakkali, and A. Al, Omar, Characterization of Deformation Stability of Medium Carbon Microalloyed Steel During Hot Forging Using Phenomenological and Continuum Criteria, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2008, 199, p 140–149CrossRef
2.
J.M. Cabrera, A. Al Omar, J.J. Jonas, and J.M. Prado, Modeling the Flow Behavior of a Medium Carbon Microalloyed Steel Under Hot Working Conditions, Metall. Trans. A, 1997, 28, p 2233–2244CrossRef
3.
Y.V.R.K. Prasad, Processing Maps: A Status Report, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2013, 22(10), p 2867–2874CrossRef
4.
Y.V.R.K. Prasad, Author’s Reply: Dynamic Materials Model: Basis and Principles, Metall. Trans. A, 1996, 27, p 235–236CrossRef
5.
S.V.S. Narayana Murty, B. Nageswara Rao, and B.P. Kashyap, On the Hot Working Characteristics of 6061Al-SiC and 6061-Al2O3 Particulate Reinforced Metal Matrix Composites, Compos. Sci. Technol., 2003, 63, p 119–135CrossRef
6.
S.V.S. Narayana Murty, B. Nageswara Rao, and B.P. Kashyap, Development and Validation of a Processing Map for Zirconium Alloys, Model. Simul. Mater. Eng., 2002, 10, p 503–520CrossRef
7.
S.V.S. Narayana Murty, B. Nageswara Rao, and B.P. Kashyap, On the Hot Working Characteristics of 6061 Al-20 vol.% Al2O3 Metal Matrix Composite, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2014, 2005(166), p 279–285
8.
S.V.S. Narayana Murty and B. Nageswara Rao, Ziegler’s Criterion on the Instability Regions in Processing Maps, Mater. Sci. Lett., 1998, 17, p 1203–1205CrossRef
9.
A. Momeni, H. Arabi, A. Rezaei, H. Badri, and H.M. Abbasi, Hot Working Behavior of 2205 Austenite-Ferrite Duplex Stainless Steel Characterized by Constitutive Equations and Processing Maps, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, 528, p 2158–2163CrossRef
10.
B. Eghbali and A. Abdollah-zadeh, Influence of Deformation Temperature on the Ferrite Grain Refinement in a Low Carbon Nb-Ti Microalloyed Steel, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2006, 180, p 44–48CrossRef
11.
M. Li-qiang, L. Zhen-yu, J. Si-hai, Y. Xiang-qian, and W. Di, Effect of Niobium and Titanium on Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior of Low Carbon Steels, J. Iron Steel Res. Int., 2008, 15(3), p 31–36
12.
O. Kwon and A.J. De Ardo, Interactions Between Recrystallization and Precipitation in Hot-Deformed Microalloyed Steels, Acta Metall. Mater., 1991, 39, p 529–538CrossRef
13.
C. Jian-chun, L. Qing-you, Y. Qi-long, and S. Xin-jun, Effect of Niobium on Isothermal Transformation of Austenite to Ferrite in HSLA Low-Carbon Steel, J. Iron Steel Res. Int., 2007, 14(3), p 51–55
14.
M. Opiela and A. Grajcar, Hot Deformation Behavior and Softening Kinetics of Ti-V-B Microalloyed Steels, Arch. Civil Mech. Eng., 2012, 12, p 327–333CrossRef
15.
H. Zhao, G. Liu, and L. Xu, Rate-Controlling Mechanisms of Hot Deformation in a Medium Carbon Vanadium Microalloy Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, 559, p 262–267CrossRef
16.
H. Wei, G. Liu, X. Xiao, H. Zhao, H. Ding, and R. Kang, Characterization of Hot Deformation Behavior of a New Microalloyed C-Mn-Al High-Strength Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, 564, p 140–146CrossRef
17.
S.F. Medina and C.A. Hernandez, The Influence of Chemical Composition on Peak Strain of Deformed Austenite in Low Alloy and Microalloyed Steels, Acta Mater., 1996, 44(1), p 149–154CrossRef
18.
S.F. Medina and C.A. Hernandez, General Expression of the Zener-Hollomon Parameter as a Function of the Chemical Composition of Low Alloy and Microalloyed Steels, Acta Mater., 1996, 44(1), p 137–148CrossRef
19.
M. Calcagnotto, D. Ponge, and D. Raabe, Effect of Grain Refinement to 1 µm Strength and Toughness of Dual-Phase Steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, 527, p 7832–7840CrossRef
20.
S.F. Medina and C.A. Hernandez, Modelling of the Dynamic Recrystallization of Austenite in Low Alloy and Microalloyed Steels, Acta Mater., 1996, 44, p 165–171CrossRef
21.
B. Eghbali and A. Abdollah-Zadeh, Strain-Induced Transformation in a Low Carbon Microalloyed Steel During Hot Compression Testing, Scripta Mater., 2006, 54, p 1205–1209CrossRef
22.
S.Q. Yuan and G.L. Liang, Dissolving Behaviour of Second Phase Particles in Nb-Ti Microalloyed Steel, Mater. Sci. Lett., 2009, 63, p 2324–2326CrossRef
23.
B. Eghbali and A. Abdollah-Zadeh, Deformation-Induced Ferrite Transformation in a Low Carbon Nb-Ti Microalloyed Steel, Mater. Des., 2007, 28, p 1021–1026CrossRef
24.
A.I. Fernández, P. Uranga, B. López, and J.M. Rodriguez-Ibabe, Dynamic Recrystallization Behavior Covering a Wide Austenite Grain Size Range in Nb and Nb-Ti Microalloyed Steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2003, 361, p 367–376CrossRef
25.
Y. Cao, F. Xiao, G. Qiao, X. Zhang, and B. Liao, Quantitative Research on Effects of Nb on hot Deformation Behaviors of High-Nb Microalloyed Steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, 530, p 277–284CrossRef
26.
S.F. Medina and J.E. Mancill, Influence of Alloying Elements in Solution on Static Recrystallization Kinetics of Hot Deformed Steels, ISIJ Int., 1996, 36(8), p 1063–1069CrossRef
27.
A. Ghosh, S. Das, S. Chatterjee, B. Mishra, and P.R. Rao, Influence of Thermo-Mechanical Processing and Different Post-Cooling Techniques on Structure and Properties of an Ultra Low Carbon Cu Bearing HSLA Forging, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2003, 348, p 299–308CrossRef
28.
S.C. Hong and K.S. Lee, Influence of Deformation Induced Ferrite Transformation on Grain Refinement of Dual Phase Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2002, 323, p 148–159CrossRef
29.
A.Z. Hanzaki, R. Pandi, P.D. Hodgson, and S. Yue, Continuous Cooling Deformation Testing of Steels, Metall. Trans. A, 1993, 24, p 2657–2665CrossRef
30.
B. Eghbali, Study on the Ferrite Grain Refinement During Intercritical Deformation of a Microalloyed Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2010, 527, p 3407–3410CrossRef
31.
R.K. Gupta, S.V.S. Narayana Murty, B. Pant, V. Agarwala, and P.P. Sinha, Hot Workability of γ + α2 Titanium Aluminide: Development of Processing Map and Constitutive Equations, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2012, 551, p 169–186CrossRef
32.
B. Chen, W. Zhou, S. Li, X.L. Li, and C. Lu, Hot Compression Deformation Behavior and Processing Maps of Mg-Gd-Y-Zr Alloy, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2013, 20(9), p 2458–2466CrossRef
33.
H. Ziegler, E. Becker, B. Budiansky, H.A. Lauwerier, and T. Koiter, An Introduction to Thermodynamics, 2nd ed., North-Holland Publishing Company, New York, 1983
34.
F. Montheillet, J.J. Jonas, and K.W. Neale, Modeling of Dynamic Material Behavior: A Critical Evaluation of the Dissipator Power co-content Approach, Metall. Trans. A, 1996, 27, p 232–235CrossRef
35.
A.R. Maldar, G.R. Ebrahimi, M. Haghshenas, M. Jahazi, and P. Bocher, Thermomechanical Characterization of Mg-9Al-1Zn Alloy Using Power Dissipation Maps, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2013, 22(11), p 3306–3314CrossRef
36.
Y.H. Duan, Hot Deformation and Processing Map of Pb-Mg-10Al-1B Alloy, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2013, 20(10), p 3049–3054CrossRef
37.
C. Poletti, J. Six, M. Hochegger, H.P. Degischer, and S. Ilie, Hot Deformation Behaviour of Low Alloy Steel, Steel Res. Int., 2011, 82, p 710–718CrossRef
38.
C.M. Sellars and W.J. McTegart, On the Mechanism of Hot Deformation, Acta Metall., 1966, 14, p 1136–1138CrossRef
39.
H.J. McQueen, S. Yue, N.D. Ryan, and E. Fry, Hot Working Characteristics of Steels in Austenitic State, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 1995, 53, p 293–310CrossRef
40.
H.J. McQueen, Elevated Temperature Deformation at Forming Rates of 10−2 to 102 s−1, Metall. Trans. A, 2002, 33, p 345–362CrossRef
41.
Dynamic Systems Inc. Elimination of Load Cell Ringing During High Speed Deformation by Mathematical Treatment, Application note, New York, 2001
42.
T. Sakai, Dynamic Recrystallization Microstructures Under Hot Working Conditions, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 1995, 53, p 349–361CrossRef
43.
D.Q. Bai, Y. Yue, T.M. Maccagno, and J.J. Jonas, Continuous Cooling Transformation Temperatures Determined by Compression Tests in Low Carbon Bainitic Grades, Metall. Trans. A, 1998, 29, p 989–1001CrossRef
44.
B. Verlinden, J. Driver, I. Samajdar, and R.D. Doherty, Thermo-Mechanical Processing of Metallic Materials, 1st ed., Pergamon Materials Series, Oxford, 2007
45.
M.C. Zhao, K. Yang, F.R. Xiao, and Y.Y. Shan, Continuous Cooling Transformation of Undeformed and Deformed Low Carbon Pipeline Steels, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2003, 355, p 126–136CrossRef
46.
S.M. Abbasi and A. Momeni, Hot Working Behavior of Fe-29Ni-17Co Analyzed by Mechanical Testing and Processing Map, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2012, 552, p 330–335CrossRef
47.
S.K. Rajput, M. Dikovits, G.P. Chaudhari, C. Poletti, F. Warchomicka, V. Pancholi, and S.K. Nath, Physical Simulation of Hot Deformation and Microstructural Evolution of AISI, 1016 Steel Using Processing Maps, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2013, 587, p 291–300CrossRef
48.
J.J. Jonas, R.A. Holt, and C.E. Coleman, Plastic Stability in Tension and Compression, Acta Metall., 1976, 24, p 911–918CrossRef
49.
A.F. Gourgues, H.M. Flower, and T.C. Lindley, Electron Backscattering Diffraction Study of Acicular Ferrite, Bainite, and Martensite Steel Microstructures, Mater. Sci. Technol., 2000, 16, p 26–40CrossRef
50.
A. Smolej, B. Skaza, and M. Fazarinc, Determination of the Strain-Rate Sensitivity and the Activation Energy of Deformation in the Superplastic Aluminium Alloy Al-Mg-Mn-Sc, Mater. Geoenviron., 2009, 56, p 389–399
51.
J. Liu, H. Chang, R. Wu, T.Y. Hsu, and X. Ruan, Investigation on Hot Deformation Behavior of AISI, T1 High-Speed Steel, Mater. Charact., 2000, 45, p 175–186CrossRef
52.
H. Mirzadeh, J.M. Cabrera, J.M. Prado, and A. Najafizadeh, Hot Deformation Behavior of a Medium Carbon Microalloyed Steel, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2011, 528, p 3876–3882CrossRef
53.
X. Fu-ren, C. Ya-bin, Q. Gui-ying, Z. Xiao-bing, and L. Bo, Effect of Nb Solute and NbC Precipitates on Dynamic or Static Recrystallization in Nb Steels, J. Iron Steel Res. Int., 2012, 19(11), p 52–56
Metadata
Title
Physical Simulation of Hot Deformation of Low-Carbon Ti-Nb Microalloyed Steel and Microstructural Studies
Authors
S. K. Rajput
G. P. Chaudhari
S. K. Nath
Publication date
01-08-2014
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance / Issue 8/2014
Print ISSN: 1059-9495
Electronic ISSN: 1544-1024
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-014-1059-8

Other articles of this Issue 8/2014

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 8/2014 Go to the issue

OriginalPaper

Electrochemical Evaluation of Corrosion on Borided and Non-borided Steels Immersed in 1 M HCl Solution

OriginalPaper

Metallurgical Characteristics of TiAlN/AlCrN Coating Synthesized by the PVD Process on a Cutting Insert

OriginalPaper

Microstructure and Strength of Al2O3 and Carbon Fiber Reinforced 2024 Aluminum Alloy Composites

OriginalPaper

Improvements in Mechanical Properties of 319 Al Alloy Engine Blocks Through Cost-Effective Solution Heat Treatment

OriginalPaper

Material Parameters for Creep Rupture of Austenitic Stainless Steel Foils

OriginalPaper

Modeling the Material Flow and Heat Transfer in Reverse Dual-Rotation Friction Stir Welding

Premium Partners

    Image Credits