Research on Resistance Heating Behavior of High-Strength Steel and its Hot-Stamping Forming

A hot-stamping process of high-strength steel sheet using resistance heating (RH) was developed to improve springback and formability. The RH curves of S355J2W steel and the microstructure and mechanical properties after RH were explored to control and guide the RH time and the selected current density for the subsequent RH hot-stamping forming. Moreover, scanning electron microscopy observations revealed the microstructure evolution in RH and the improvement of mechanical properties at a current density of 0-6.67 A mm⁻², showing the advantage of the application of RH to these materials. The results showed that steel strength can be increased by up to 3.2% and the elongation can be improved by up to 33% after RH. In addition, the forming height increased and the forming angle is closer to the desired angle with the increased current density in cap-shaped RH hot-stamping forming experiment, which means that the forming accuracy is improved. A comparison of the forming accuracy of cap-shaped parts formed by RH under different current densities with those heated to the same temperature by furnace heating (FH) shows that there is no obvious difference between them. The heating time of RH is much shorter than that of the FH, and the surface quality of the parts formed by RH hot-stamping is better than that of the parts formed by FH hot-stamping. These results demonstrate that the RH method has the advantages of efficiency, safety, energy saving and the improvement of surface quality as well as a clear understanding of the benefits of RH hot-stamping forming for materials properties and forming accuracy; this work also develops and applies fundamental theory to practical engineering of bogie cover plate manufacturing.