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Population and Environment
Published in: Population and Environment 1/2021

22-04-2021 | Review Article

Scales and sensitivities in climate vulnerability, displacement, and health

Authors: Lori M. Hunter, Stephanie Koning, Elizabeth Fussell, Brian King, Andrea Rishworth, Alexis Merdjanoff, Raya Muttarak, Fernando Riosmena, Daniel H. Simon, Emily Skop, Jamon Van Den Hoek

Published in: Population and Environment | Issue 1/2021

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Abstract

Climate change and attendant weather events are global phenomena with wide-ranging implications for migration and health. We argue that while these issues are inherently interrelated, little empirical or policy attention has been given to the three-way nexus between climate vulnerability, migration, and health. In this Review, we develop a conceptual model to guide research on this three-way nexus. In so doing, we apply our conceptual model to a range of case studies, including Bangladesh, Mexico, Myanmar, and the USA. They illustrate that climate vulnerability-migration-health interlinkages are context specific, varying by political, economic, demographic, social, and environmental factors unique to each population and place. Even so, the case studies also demonstrate that overarching themes amenable to policy can be identified. Global organizations and researchers from a multiplicity of disciplinary backgrounds have strong imperatives and unique but often overlooked capacity to innovate and experiment in addressing climate vulnerability-migration-health interlinkages. We call for research and policy focus on these issues and suggest targeted efforts to begin mitigating migration and health issues associated with global climate change.
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Footnotes
1
It is important to note that migration decisions involve a variable degree of agency that inversely corresponds to the strength of the environmental threat. Ultimately, the relationships and tipping points implied depend both on the magnitude of a climate event or threat and the characteristics of the individual and/or population and place affected (Füssel & Klein, 2006).
 
2
Underlined text represent concepts presented in Fig. 1.
 
3
Our focus on scale allows for consideration of how conditions (including socioeconomic conditions) in communities or otherwise localized environments modify how spatial and temporal exposures matter for climate vulnerability, migration, and health (Grace 2017; Grace et. al., 2020; Wu, Zaitchik, Swarup, Gohlke, 2019).
 
4
While common classification systems often distinguish an event dichotomously by its intensity (i.e., a sudden onset, high severity) and extent (i.e., low severity, high frequency), distinctions between intensive and extensive risks are quite arbitrary since there is no quantifiable threshold between these two classificatory schemes (UNISDR, 2015). Indeed, such classifications miss other types of events that influence migration and health (UNISDR, 2015) such as droughts that may unfold over years, eventually reaching a threshold rendering places uninhabitable. As a consequence, we articulate several dimensions of climate events within our conceptual framework.
 
5
Underlined text represent central elements of the conceptual model presented in Fig. 2.
 
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Metadata
Title
Scales and sensitivities in climate vulnerability, displacement, and health
Authors
Lori M. Hunter
Stephanie Koning
Elizabeth Fussell
Brian King
Andrea Rishworth
Alexis Merdjanoff
Raya Muttarak
Fernando Riosmena
Daniel H. Simon
Emily Skop
Jamon Van Den Hoek
Publication date
22-04-2021
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Population and Environment / Issue 1/2021
Print ISSN: 0199-0039
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7810
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11111-021-00377-7

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