Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Published in:
Photo-polymerization Read chapter Read first chapter

2019 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

15. Shape-Memory Polymers

Authors : Magdalena Mazurek-Budzyńska, Muhammad Yasar Razzaq, Marc Behl, Andreas Lendlein

Published in: Functional Polymers

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Shape-memory polymers (SMPs) are stimuli-sensitive materials capable of changing their shape on demand. A shape-memory function is a result of the polymer architecture together with the application of a specific programming procedure. Various possible mechanisms to induce the shape-memory effect (SME) can be realized, which can be based on thermal transitions of switching domains or on reversible molecular switches (e.g., supramolecular interactions, reversible covalent bonds). Netpoints, which connect the switching domains and determine the permanent shape, can be either provided by covalent bonds or by physical intermolecular interactions, such as hydrogen bonds or crystallites. This chapter reviews different ways of implementing the phenomenon of programmable changes in the polymer shape, including the one-way shape-memory effect (1-W SME), triple- and multi-shape effects (TSE/MSE), the temperature-memory effect (TME), and reversible shape-memory effects, which can be realized in constant stress conditions (rSME), or in stress-free conditions (reversible bidirectional shape-memory effect (rbSME)). Furthermore, magnetically actuated SMPs and shape-memory hydrogels (SMHs) are described to show the potential of the SMP technology in biomedical applications and multifunctional approaches.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
previous chapter Conducting Polymers and Composites
next chapter Self-Healing Polymers: From Biological Systems to Highly Functional Polymers
Literature
1.
A. Lendlein, S. Kelch, Shape-memory polymers. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 41, 2034–2057 (2002)CrossRef
2.
K.K. Julich-Gruner, C. Löwenberg, A.T. Neffe, M. Behl, A. Lendlein, Recent trends in the chemistry of shape-memory polymers. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 214, 527–536 (2013)CrossRef
3.
C. Wischke, A.T. Neffe, A. Lendlein, Controlled drug release from biodegradable shape-memory polymers. Adv. Polym. Sci. 226, 177–205 (2010)CrossRef
4.
C. Wischke, M. Behl, A. Lendlein, Drug-releasing shape-memory polymers – The role of morphology, processing effects, and matrix degradation. Expert Opin. Drug. Deliv. 10, 1193–1205 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
5.
A. Lendlein, M. Behl, B. Hiebl, C. Wischke, Shape-memory polymers as a technology platform for biomedical applications. Expert Rev. Med. Devices 7, 357–379 (2010)CrossRefPubMed
6.
M. Behl, J. Zotzmann, A. Lendlein, Shape-memory polymers and shape-changing polymers. Adv. Polym. Sci. 226, 1–40 (2010)
7.
M. Behl, M.Y. Razzaq, A. Lendlein, Multifunctional shape-memory polymers. Adv. Mater. 22, 3388–3410 (2010)CrossRefPubMed
8.
Q. Zhao, M. Behl, A. Lendlein, Shape-memory polymers with multiple transitions: Complex actively moving polymers. Soft Matter 9, 1744–1755 (2013)CrossRef
9.
M. Behl, A. Lendlein, Actively moving polymers. Soft Matter 3, 58–67 (2007)CrossRef
10.
M.D. Hager, S. Bode, C. Weber, U.S. Schubert, Shape memory polymers: Past, present and future developments. Prog. Polym. Sci. 49-50, 3–33 (2015)CrossRef
11.
P.J. Flory, J. Rehner, Statistical mechanics of cross-linked polymer networks II. Swelling. J. Chem. Phys. 11, 521–526 (1943)CrossRef
12.
W. Wagermaier, K. Kratz, M. Heuchel, A. Lendlein, Characterization methods for shape-memory polymers. Adv. Polym. Sci. 226, 97–145 (2010)CrossRef
13.
T. Sauter, M. Heuchel, K. Kratz, A. Lendlein, Quantifying the shape-memory effect of polymers by cyclic thermomechanical tests. Polym. Rev. 53, 6–40 (2013)CrossRef
14.
M. Heuchel, T. Sauter, K. Kratz, A. Lendlein, Thermally induced shape-memory effects in polymers: Quantification and related modeling approaches. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 51, 621–637 (2013)CrossRef
15.
I.S. Kolesov, K. Kratz, A. Lendlein, H.-J. Radusch, Kinetics and dynamics of thermally-induced shape-memory behavior of crosslinked short-chain branched polyethylenes. Polymer 50, 5490–5498 (2009)CrossRef
16.
A. Maksimkin, S. Kaloshkin, M. Zadorozhnyy, V. Tcherdyntsev, Comparison of shape memory effect in UHMWPE for bulk and fiber state. J. Alloys Compd. 586, S214–S217 (2014)CrossRef
17.
J. Zhao, M. Chen, X. Wang, X. Zhao, Z. Wang, Z.-M. Dang, L. Ma, G.-H. Hu, F. Chen, Triple shape memory effects of cross-linked polyethylene/polypropylene blends with cocontinuous architecture. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5, 5550–5556 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
18.
A.L. Sisson, D. Ekinci, A. Lendlein, The contemporary role of ε-caprolactone chemistry to create advanced polymer architectures. Polymer 54, 4333–4350 (2013)CrossRef
19.
H.Y. Lee, H.M. Jeong, J.S. Lee, B.K. Kim, Study on the shape memory polyamides. Synthesis and thermomechanical properties of polycaprolactone-polyamide block copolymer. Polym. J. 32, 23–28 (2000)CrossRef
20.
G. Rabani, H. Luftmann, A. Kraft, Synthesis and characterization of two shape-memory polymers containing short aramid hard segments and poly(ε-caprolactone) soft segments. Polymer 47, 4251–4260 (2006)CrossRef
21.
H. Zhang, H. Wang, W. Zhong, Q. Du, A novel type of shape memory polymer blend and the shape memory mechanism. Polymer 50, 1596–1601 (2009)CrossRef
22.
S.H. Ajili, N.G. Ebrahimi, M. Soleimani, Polyurethane/polycaprolactane blend with shape memory effect as a proposed material for cardiovascular implants. Acta Biomater. 5, 1519–1530 (2009)CrossRefPubMed
23.
Q. Meng, J. Hu, A review of shape memory polymer composites and blends. Compos. Part A 40, 1661–1672 (2009)CrossRef
24.
X. Jing, H.-Y. Mi, H.-X. Huang, L.-S. Turng, Shape memory thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU)/poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) blends as self-knotting sutures. J. Mech. Behav. Biomed. Mater. 64, 94–103 (2016)CrossRefPubMed
25.
I. Navarro-Baena, V. Sessini, F. Dominici, L. Torre, J.M. Kenny, L. Peponi, Design of biodegradable blends based on PLA and PCL: From morphological, thermal and mechanical studies to shape memory behavior. Polym. Degrad. Stab. 132, 97–108 (2016)CrossRef
26.
M. Behl, A. Lendlein, Shape-memory polymers. Mater. Today 10, 20–28 (2007)CrossRef
27.
J. Hu, Y. Zhu, H. Huang, J. Lu, Recent advances in shape-memory polymers: Structure, mechanism, functionality, modeling and applications. Prog. Polym. Sci. 37, 1720–1763 (2012)CrossRef
28.
J.W. Cho, Y.C. Jung, Y.-C. Chung, B.C. Chun, Improved mechanical properties of shape-memory polyurethane block copolymers through the control of the soft-segment arrangement. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 93, 2410–2415 (2004)CrossRef
29.
A. Alteheld, Y. Feng, S. Kelch, A. Lendlein, Biodegradable, amorphous copolyester-urethane networks having shape-memory properties. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 44, 1188–1192 (2005)CrossRef
30.
T. Xie, Recent advances in polymer shape memory. Polymer 52, 4985–5000 (2011)CrossRef
31.
A. Lendlein, J. Zotzmann, Y. Feng, A. Alteheld, S. Kelch, Controlling the switching temperature of biodegradable, amorphous, shape-memory poly(rac-lactide)urethane networks by incorporation of different comonomers. Biomacromolecules 10, 975–982 (2009)CrossRefPubMed
32.
C.P. Buckley, C. Prisacariu, A. Caraculacu, Novel triol-crosslinked polyurethanes and their thermorheological characterization as shape-memory materials. Polymer 48, 1388–1396 (2007)CrossRef
33.
Q. Cao, P. Liu, Structure and mechanical properties of shape memory polyurethane based on hyperbranched polyesters. Polym. Bull. 57, 889–899 (2006)CrossRef
34.
L. Xue, S. Dai, Z. Li, Synthesis and characterization of three-arm poly(ε-caprolactone)-based poly(ester−urethanes) with shape-memory effect at body temperature. Macromolecules 42, 964–972 (2009)CrossRef
35.
N.-Y. Choi, A. Lendlein, Degradable shape-memory polymer networks from oligo[(l-lactide)-ran-glycolide]dimethacrylates. Soft Matter 3, 901–909 (2007)CrossRefPubMed
36.
C.M. Yakacki, R. Shandas, D. Safranski, A.M. Ortega, K. Sassaman, K. Gall, Strong, tailored, biocompatible shape-memory polymer networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 18, 2428–2435 (2008)PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
37.
S. Kelch, S. Steuer, A.M. Schmidt, A. Lendlein, Shape-memory polymer networks from oligo[(ε-hydroxycaproate)-co-glycolate]dimethacrylates and butyl acrylate with adjustable hydrolytic degradation rate. Biomacromolecules 8, 1018–1027 (2007)CrossRefPubMed
38.
K.M. Lee, P.T. Knight, T. Chung, P.T. Mather, Polycaprolactone−POSS chemical/physical double networks. Macromolecules 41, 4730–4738 (2008)CrossRef
39.
S. Kelch, N.Y. Choi, Z. Wang, A. Lendlein, Amorphous, elastic AB copolymer networks from acrylates and poly[(l-lactide)-ran-glycolide]dimethacrylates. Adv. Eng. Mater. 10, 494–502 (2008)CrossRef
40.
S. Chen, J. Hu, C.-W. Yuen, L. Chan, Fourier transform infrared study of supramolecular polyurethane networks containing pyridine moieties for shape memory materials. Polym. Int. 59, 529–538 (2010)CrossRef
41.
S. Chen, J. Hu, H. Zhuo, S. Chen, Effect of MDI–BDO hard segment on pyridine-containing shape memory polyurethanes. J. Mater. Sci. 46, 5294–5304 (2011)CrossRef
42.
S. Chen, J. Hu, H. Zhuo, C. Yuen, L. Chan, Study on the thermal-induced shape memory effect of pyridine containing supramolecular polyurethane. Polymer 51, 240–248 (2010)CrossRef
43.
S. Chen, J. Hu, C.-w. Yuen, L. Chan, Novel moisture-sensitive shape memory polyurethanes containing pyridine moieties. Polymer 50, 4424–4428 (2009)CrossRef
44.
S. Chen, H. Yuan, S. Chen, H. Yang, Z. Ge, H. Zhuo, J. Liu, Development of supramolecular liquid-crystalline polyurethane complexes exhibiting triple-shape functionality using a one-step programming process. J. Mater. Chem. A 2, 10169–10181 (2014)CrossRef
45.
R.P. Sijbesma, F.H. Beijer, L. Brunsveld, B.J. Folmer, J.H. Hirschberg, R.F. Lange, J.K. Lowe, E.W. Meijer, Reversible polymers formed from self-complementary monomers using quadruple hydrogen bonding. Science 278, 1601–1604 (1997)CrossRefPubMed
46.
K.E. Feldman, M.J. Kade, E.W. Meijer, C.J. Hawker, E.J. Kramer, Model transient networks from strongly hydrogen-bonded polymers. Macromolecules 42, 9072–9081 (2009)CrossRef
47.
A. Gooch, N.S. Murphy, N.H. Thomson, A.J. Wilson, Side-chain supramolecular polymers employing conformer independent triple hydrogen bonding arrays. Macromolecules 46, 9634–9641 (2013)PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
48.
J. Li, J.A. Viveros, M.H. Wrue, M. Anthamatten, Shape-memory effects in polymer networks containing reversibly associating side-groups. Adv. Mater. 19, 2851–2855 (2007)CrossRef
49.
J. Li, C.L. Lewis, D.L. Chen, M. Anthamatten, Dynamic mechanical behavior of photo-cross-linked shape-memory elastomers. Macromolecules 44, 5336–5343 (2011)CrossRef
50.
H. Chen, Y. Li, G. Tao, L. Wang, S. Zhou, Thermo- and water-induced shape memory poly(vinyl alcohol) supramolecular networks crosslinked by self-complementary quadruple hydrogen bonding. Polym. Chem. 7, 6637–6644 (2016)CrossRef
51.
Y. Wu, L. Wang, X. Zhao, S. Hou, B. Guo, P.X. Ma, Self-healing supramolecular bioelastomers with shape memory property as a multifunctional platform for biomedical applications via modular assembly. Biomaterials 104, 18–31 (2016)CrossRefPubMed
52.
Y. Pan, T. Liu, J. Li, Z. Zheng, X. Ding, Y. Peng, High modulus ratio shape-memory polymers achieved by combining hydrogen bonding with controlled crosslinking. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 49, 1241–1245 (2011)CrossRef
53.
Y. Chen, A.M. Kushner, G.A. Williams, Z. Guan, Multiphase design of autonomic self-healing thermoplastic elastomers. Nat. Chem. 4, 467–472 (2012)CrossRefPubMed
54.
L. Xiao, M. Wei, M. Zhan, J. Zhang, H. Xie, X. Deng, K. Yang, Y. Wang, Novel triple-shape PCU/PPDO interpenetrating polymer networks constructed by self-complementary quadruple hydrogen bonding and covalent bonding. Polym. Chem. 5, 2231–2241 (2014)CrossRef
55.
G. Liu, C. Guan, H. Xia, F. Guo, X. Ding, Y. Peng, Novel shape-memory polymer based on hydrogen bonding. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 27, 1100–1104 (2006)CrossRef
56.
G. Liu, W. He, Y. Peng, H. Xia, Shape-memory behavior of poly(methyl methacrylate-co-N-vinyl-2-pyrrolidone)/poly(ethylene glycol) semi-interpenetrating polymer networks based on hydrogen bonding. J. Polym. Res. 18, 2109–2117 (2011)CrossRef
57.
H. Chen, Y. Li, Y. Liu, T. Gong, L. Wang, S. Zhou, Highly pH-sensitive polyurethane exhibiting shape memory and drug release. Polym. Chem. 5, 5168–5174 (2014)CrossRef
58.
G. Liu, X. Ding, Y. Cao, Z. Zheng, Y. Peng, Shape memory of hydrogen-bonded polymer network/poly(ethylene glycol) complexes. Macromolecules 37, 2228–2232 (2004)CrossRef
59.
J.D. Merline, C.P.R. Nair, C. Gouri, T. Shrisudha, K.N. Ninan, Shape memory characterization of polytetra methylene oxide/poly (acrylic acid-co-acrylonitrile) complexed gel. J. Mater. Sci. 42, 5897–5902 (2007)CrossRef
60.
J. Dong, R.A. Weiss, Effect of crosslinking on shape-memory behavior of zinc stearate/ionomer compounds. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 214, 1238–1246 (2013)CrossRef
61.
R.A. Weiss, E. Izzo, S. Mandelbaum, New design of shape memory polymers: Mixtures of an elastomeric ionomer and low molar mass fatty acids and their salts. Macromolecules 41, 2978–2980 (2008)CrossRef
62.
J. Dong, R.A. Weiss, Shape memory behavior of zinc oleate-filled elastomeric ionomers. Macromolecules 44, 8871–8879 (2011)CrossRef
63.
S.-I. Han, B.H. Gu, K.H. Nam, S.J. Im, S.C. Kim, S.S. Im, Novel copolyester-based ionomer for a shape-memory biodegradable material. Polymer 48, 1830–1834 (2007)CrossRef
64.
Z. Wang, W. Fan, R. Tong, X. Lu, H. Xia, Thermal-healable and shape memory metallosupramolecular poly(n-butyl acrylate-co-methyl methacrylate) materials. RSC Adv. 4, 25486–25493 (2014)CrossRef
65.
J.R. Kumpfer, S.J. Rowan, Thermo-, photo-, and chemo-responsive shape-memory properties from photo-cross-linked metallo-supramolecular polymers. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 133, 12866 (2011)CrossRefPubMed
66.
F. Xie, C. Huang, F. Wang, L. Huang, R.A. Weiss, J. Leng, Y. Liu, Carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene–poly(styrene-co-4-vinylpyridine) supramolecular thermoplastic elastomers and their shape memory behavior. Macromolecules 49, 7322–7330 (2016)CrossRef
67.
P. Zhang, M. Behl, X. Peng, M.Y. Razzaq, A. Lendlein, Ultrasonic cavitation induced shape-memory effect in porous polymer networks. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 37, 1897–1903 (2016)CrossRefPubMed
68.
Q. Zhao, H.J. Qi, T. Xie, Recent progress in shape memory polymer: New behavior, enabling materials, and mechanistic understanding. Prog. Polym. Sci. 49–50, 79–120 (2015)CrossRef
69.
G. Zhang, Q. Zhao, L. Yang, W. Zou, X. Xi, T. Xie, Exploring dynamic equilibrium of Diels–Alder reaction for solid state plasticity in remoldable shape memory polymer network. ACS Macro Lett. 5, 805–808 (2016)CrossRef
70.
M. Yamashiro, K. Inoue, M. Iji, Recyclable shape-memory and mechanical strength of poly(lactic acid) compounds cross-linked by thermo-reversible Diels-Alder reaction. Polym. J. 40, 657–662 (2008)CrossRef
71.
K. Inoue, M. Yamashiro, M. Iji, Recyclable shape-memory polymer: Poly(lactic acid) crosslinked by a thermoreversible Diels–Alder reaction. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 112, 876–885 (2009)CrossRef
72.
J.-M. Raquez, S. Vanderstappen, F. Meyer, P. Verge, M. Alexandre, J.-M. Thomassin, C. Jérôme, P. Dubois, Design of cross-linked semicrystalline poly(ε-caprolactone)-based networks with one-way and two-way shape-memory properties through Diels–Alder reactions. Chem. Eur. J. 17, 10135–10143 (2011)CrossRefPubMed
73.
T. Defize, R. Riva, C. Jérôme, M. Alexandre, Multifunctional poly(ϵ-caprolactone)-forming networks by Diels–Alder cycloaddition: Effect of the adduct on the shape-memory properties. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 213, 187–197 (2012)CrossRef
74.
T. Defize, R. Riva, J.M. Raquez, P. Dubois, C. Jerome, M. Alexandre, Thermoreversibly crosslinked poly(epsilon-caprolactone) as recyclable shape-memory polymer network. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 32, 1264–1269 (2011)CrossRefPubMed
75.
J. Zhang, Y. Niu, C. Huang, L. Xiao, Z. Chen, K. Yang, Y. Wang, Self-healable and recyclable triple-shape PPDO-PTMEG co-network constructed through thermoreversible Diels-Alder reaction. Polym. Chem. 3, 1390–1393 (2012)CrossRef
76.
T. Defize, R. Riva, J.-M. Thomassin, C. Jérôme, M. Alexandre, Thermo-reversible reactions for the preparation of smart materials: Recyclable covalently-crosslinked shape memory polymers. Macromol. Symp. 309–310, 154–161 (2011)CrossRef
77.
G. Rivero, L.-T.T. Nguyen, X.K.D. Hillewaere, F.E. Du Prez, One-pot thermo-remendable shape memory polyurethanes. Macromolecules 47, 2010–2018 (2014)CrossRef
78.
C. Toncelli, D.C. De Reus, F. Picchioni, A.A. Broekhuis, Properties of reversible Diels–Alder furan/maleimide polymer networks as function of crosslink density. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 213, 157–165 (2012)CrossRef
79.
C. Zeng, H. Seino, J. Ren, K. Hatanaka, N. Yoshie, Bio-based furan polymers with self-healing ability. Macromolecules 46, 1794–1802 (2013)CrossRef
80.
C. Zeng, H. Seino, J. Ren, N. Yoshie, Polymers with multishape memory controlled by local glass transition temperature. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 6, 2753–2758 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
81.
D. Aoki, Y. Teramoto, Y. Nishio, SH-containing cellulose acetate derivatives: Preparation and characterization as a shape memory-recovery material. Biomacromolecules 8, 3749–3757 (2007)CrossRefPubMed
82.
B.T. Michal, C.A. Jaye, E.J. Spencer, S.J. Rowan, Inherently photohealable and thermal shape-memory polydisulfide networks. ACS Macro Lett. 2, 694–699 (2013)CrossRef
83.
A. Lendlein, H.Y. Jiang, O. Junger, R. Langer, Light-induced shape-memory polymers. Nature 434, 879–882 (2005)CrossRefPubMed
84.
M. Nagata, Y. Sato, Synthesis and properties of photocurable biodegradable multiblock copolymers based on poly(ε-caprolactone) and poly(L-lactide) segments. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polym. Chem. 43, 2426–2439 (2005)CrossRef
85.
L. Wu, C. Jin, X. Sun, Synthesis, properties, and light-induced shape memory effect of multiblock polyesterurethanes containing biodegradable segments and pendant cinnamamide groups. Biomacromolecules 12, 235–241 (2011)CrossRefPubMed
86.
J.M. Rochette, V.S. Ashby, Photoresponsive polyesters for tailorable shape memory biomaterials. Macromolecules 46, 2134–2140 (2013)CrossRef
87.
M. Nagata, Y. Yamamoto, Synthesis and characterization of photocrosslinked poly(ε-caprolactone)s showing shape-memory properties. J. Polym. Sci. Part A: Polm. Chem. 47, 2422–2433 (2009)CrossRef
88.
M. Nagata, Y. Yamamoto, Photocurable shape-memory copolymers of ε-caprolactone and L-lactide. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 211, 1826–1835 (2010)CrossRef
89.
J. He, Y. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Photoinduced bending of a coumarin-containing supramolecular polymer. Soft Matter 5, 308–310 (2009)CrossRef
90.
H. Jiang, S. Kelch, A. Lendlein, Polymers move in response to light. Adv. Mater. 18, 1471–1475 (2006)CrossRef
91.
Y. Li, O. Rios, J.K. Keum, J. Chen, M.R. Kessler, Photoresponsive liquid crystalline epoxy networks with shape memory behavior and dynamic ester bonds. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8, 15750–15757 (2016)CrossRefPubMed
92.
K.M. Lee, H. Koerner, R.A. Vaia, T.J. Bunning, T.J. White, Light-activated shape memory of glassy, azobenzene liquid crystalline polymer networks. Soft Matter 7, 4318–4324 (2011)CrossRef
93.
T. Yoshino, M. Kondo, J.-i. Mamiya, M. Kinoshita, Y. Yu, T. Ikeda, Three-dimensional photomobility of crosslinked azobenzene liquid-crystalline polymer fibers. Adv. Mater. 22, 1361–1363 (2010)CrossRefPubMed
94.
M. Yamada, M. Kondo, J.-i. Mamiya, Y. Yu, M. Kinoshita, C.J. Barrett, T. Ikeda, Photomobile polymer materials: Towards light-driven plastic motors. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 47, 4986–4988 (2008)CrossRef
95.
Y. Naka, J.-i. Mamiya, A. Shishido, M. Washio, T. Ikeda, Direct fabrication of photomobile polymer materials with an adhesive-free bilayer structure by electron-beam irradiation. J. Mater. Chem. 21, 1681–1683 (2011)CrossRef
96.
O.M. Tanchak, C.J. Barrett, Light-induced reversible volume changes in thin films of azo polymers: The photomechanical effect. Macromolecules 38, 10566–10570 (2005)CrossRef
97.
M. Irie, D. Kunwatchakun, Photoresponsive polymers. 8. Reversible photostimulated dilation of polyacrylamide gels having triphenylmethane leuco derivatives. Macromolecules 19, 2476–2480 (1986)CrossRef
98.
A. Mamada, T. Tanaka, D. Kungwatchakun, M. Irie, Photoinduced phase transition of gels. Macromolecules 23, 1517–1519 (1990)CrossRef
99.
X. Zhang, Q. Zhou, H. Liu, H. Liu, UV light induced plasticization and light activated shape memory of spiropyran doped ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymers. Soft Matter 10, 3748–3754 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
100.
M.-Q. Zhu, L. Zhu, J.J. Han, W. Wu, J.K. Hurst, A.D.Q. Li, Spiropyran-based photochromic polymer nanoparticles with optically switchable luminescence. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 128, 4303–4309 (2006)PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
101.
I. Bellin, S. Kelch, A. Lendlein, Dual-shape properties of triple-shape polymer networks with crystallizable network segments and grafted side chains. J. Mater. Chem. 17, 2885–2891 (2007)CrossRef
102.
M. Behl, I. Bellin, S. Kelch, W. Wagermaier, A. Lendlein, One-step process for creating triple-shape capability of AB polymer networks. Adv. Funct. Mater. 19, 102–108 (2009)CrossRef
103.
S. Chen, J. Hu, C.-W. Yuen, L. Chan, H. Zhuo, Triple shape memory effect in multiple crystalline polyurethanes. Polym. Adv. Technol. 21, 377–380 (2010)
104.
A. Lendlein, T. Sauter, Shape-memory effect in polymers. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 214, 1175–1177 (2013)CrossRef
105.
106.
S.-K. Ahn, R.M. Kasi, Exploiting microphase-separated morphologies of side-chain liquid crystalline polymer networks for triple shape memory properties. Adv. Funct. Mater. 21, 4543 (2011)CrossRef
107.
T. Ware, K. Hearon, A. Lonnecker, K.L. Wooley, D.J. Maitland, W. Voit, Triple-shape memory polymers based on self-complementary hydrogen bonding. Macromolecules 45, 1062–1069 (2012)PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
108.
M. Behl, A. Lendlein, Triple-shape polymers. J. Mater. Chem. 20, 3335–3345 (2010)CrossRef
109.
M. Behl, I. Bellin, S. Kelch, W. Wagermaier, A. Lendlein, Dual and triple shape capability of AB polymer networks based on poly(ε-caprolactone)dimethacrylates. Mater. Res. Soc. Symp. Proc. 1140, 3–8 (2009)
110.
K. Suchao-in, S. Chirachanchai, “Grafting to” as a novel and simple approach for triple-shape memory polymers. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 5, 6850–6853 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
111.
H. Qin, P.T. Mather, Combined one-way and two-way shape memory in a glass-forming nematic network. Macromolecules 42, 273–280 (2009)CrossRef
112.
S.-K. Ahn, P. Deshmukh, R.M. Kasi, Shape memory behavior of side-chain liquid crystalline polymer networks triggered by dual transition temperatures. Macromolecules 43, 7330–7340 (2010)CrossRef
113.
T. Xie, X. Xiao, Y.-T. Cheng, Revealing triple-shape memory effect by polymer bilayers. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 30, 1823–1827 (2009)CrossRefPubMed
114.
C.Y. Bae, J.H. Park, E.Y. Kim, Y.S. Kang, B.K. Kim, Organic-inorganic nanocomposite bilayers with triple shape memory effect. J. Mater. Chem. 21, 11288–11295 (2011)CrossRef
115.
X. Luo, P.T. Mather, Triple-shape polymeric composites (TSPCs). Adv. Funct. Mater. 20, 2649–2656 (2010)CrossRef
116.
H. Chen, Y. Liu, T. Gong, L. Wang, K. Zhao, S. Zhou, Use of intermolecular hydrogen bonding to synthesize triple-shape memory supermolecular composites. RSC Adv. 3, 7048–7056 (2013)CrossRef
117.
S. Chen, H. Yuan, Z. Ge, S. Chen, H. Zhuo, J. Liu, Insights into liquid-crystalline shape-memory polyurethane composites based on an amorphous reversible phase and hexadecyloxybenzoic acid. J. Mater. Chem. C 2, 1041–1049 (2014)CrossRef
118.
119.
R. Dolog, R.A. Weiss, Shape memory behavior of a polyethylene-based carboxylate ionomer. Macromolecules 46, 7845–7852 (2013)CrossRef
120.
Q. Zhang, S. Song, J. Feng, P. Wu, A new strategy to prepare polymer composites with versatile shape memory properties. J. Mater. Chem. 22, 24776–24782 (2012)CrossRef
121.
J. Li, T. Xie, Significant impact of thermo-mechanical conditions on polymer triple-shape memory effect. Macromolecules 44, 175–180 (2011)CrossRef
122.
X. Qi, Y. Guo, Y. Wei, P. Dong, Q. Fu, Multishape and temperature memory effects by strong physical confinement in poly(propylene carbonate)/graphene oxide nanocomposites. J. Phys. Chem. B 120, 11064–11073 (2016)CrossRefPubMed
123.
Q. Song, H. Chen, S. Zhou, K. Zhao, B. Wang, P. Hu, Thermo- and pH-sensitive shape memory polyurethane containing carboxyl groups. Polym. Chem. 7, 1739–1746 (2016)CrossRef
124.
S.-Q. Wang, D. Kaneko, M. Okajima, K. Yasaki, S. Tateyama, T. Kaneko, Hyperbranched polycoumarates with photofunctional multiple shape memory. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52, 11143–11148 (2013)CrossRef
125.
K. Kratz, S.A. Madbouly, W. Wagermaier, A. Lendlein, Temperature-memory polymer networks with crystallizable controlling units. Adv. Mater. 23, 4058–4062 (2011)CrossRefPubMed
126.
K. Yu, H.J. Qi, Temperature memory effect in amorphous shape memory polymers. Soft Matter 10, 9423–9432 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
127.
128.
L. Wang, S. Di, W. Wang, H. Chen, X. Yang, T. Gong, S. Zhou, Tunable temperature memory effect of photo-cross-linked star PCL–PEG networks. Macromolecules 47, 1828–1836 (2014)CrossRef
129.
K. Kratz, U. Voigt, A. Lendlein, Temperature-memory effect of copolyesterurethanes and their application potential in minimally invasive medical technologies. Adv. Funct. Mater. 22, 3057–3065 (2012)CrossRef
130.
L. Viry, C. Mercader, P. Miaudet, C. Zakri, A. Derre, A. Kuhn, M. Maugey, P. Poulin, Nanotube fibers for electromechanical and shape memory actuators. J. Mater. Chem. 20, 3487–3495 (2010)CrossRef
131.
P. Miaudet, A. Derré, M. Maugey, C. Zakri, P.M. Piccione, R. Inoubli, P. Poulin, Shape and temperature memory of nanocomposites with broadened glass transition. Science 318, 1294–1296 (2007)CrossRefPubMed
132.
N. Fritzsche, T. Pretsch, Programming of temperature-memory onsets in a semicrystalline polyurethane elastomer. Macromolecules 47, 5952–5959 (2014)CrossRef
133.
N. Mirtschin, T. Pretsch, Designing temperature-memory effects in semicrystalline polyurethane. RSC Adv. 5, 46307–46315 (2015)CrossRef
134.
S. Pandini, F. Baldi, K. Paderni, M. Messori, M. Toselli, F. Pilati, A. Gianoncelli, M. Brisotto, E. Bontempi, T. Riccò, One-way and two-way shape memory behaviour of semi-crystalline networks based on sol–gel cross-linked poly(ε-caprolactone). Polymer 54, 4253–4265 (2013)CrossRef
135.
T. Chung, A. Romo-Uribe, P.T. Mather, Two-way reversible shape memory in a semicrystalline network. Macromolecules 41, 184–192 (2008)CrossRef
136.
M. Behl, K. Kratz, J. Zotzmann, U. Nöchel, A. Lendlein, Reversible bidirectional shape-memory polymers. Adv. Mater. 25, 4466–4469 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
137.
H. Seok Jin, Y. Woong-Ryeol, Y. Ji Ho, Two-way shape memory behavior of shape memory polyurethanes with a bias load. Smart Mater. Struct. 19, 035022 (2010)CrossRef
138.
J. Zotzmann, M. Behl, D. Hofmann, A. Lendlein, Reversible triple-shape effect of polymer networks containing polypentadecalactone- and poly(ε-caprolactone)-segments. Adv. Mater. 22, 3424–3429 (2010)CrossRefPubMed
139.
J. Li, W.R. Rodgers, T. Xie, Semi-crystalline two-way shape memory elastomer. Polymer 52, 5320–5325 (2011)CrossRef
140.
S. Pandini, S. Passera, M. Messori, K. Paderni, M. Toselli, A. Gianoncelli, E. Bontempi, T. Riccò, Two-way reversible shape memory behaviour of crosslinked poly(ε-caprolactone). Polymer 53, 1915–1924 (2012)CrossRef
141.
M.Y. Razzaq, M. Behl, K. Kratz, A. Lendlein, Multifunctional hybrid nanocomposites with magnetically controlled reversible shape-memory effect. Adv. Mater. 25, 5730–5733 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
142.
M. Behl, J. Zotzmann, A. Lendlein, One-way and reversible dual-shape effect of polymer networks based on polypentadecalactone segments. Int. J. Artif. Organs 34, 231–237 (2011)CrossRefPubMed
143.
T. Gong, K. Zhao, W. Wang, H. Chen, L. Wang, S. Zhou, Thermally activated reversible shape switch of polymer particles. J. Mater. Chem. B 2, 6855–6866 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
144.
A. Biswas, V.K. Aswal, P.U. Sastry, D. Rana, P. Maiti, Reversible bidirectional shape memory effect in polyurethanes through molecular flipping. Macromolecules 49, 4889–4897 (2016)CrossRef
145.
F. Zhang, T. Zhou, Y. Liu, J. Leng, Microwave synthesis and actuation of shape memory polycaprolactone foams with high speed. Sci. Rep. 5, 11152 (2015)PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
146.
M.Y. Razzaq, M. Anhalt, L. Frormann, B. Weidenfeller, Thermal, electrical and magnetic studies of magnetite filled polyurethane shape memory polymers. Mater. Sci. Eng. A 444, 227–235 (2007)CrossRef
147.
H. Koerner, G. Price, N.A. Pearce, M. Alexander, R.A. Vaia, Remotely actuated polymer nanocomposites[mdash]stress-recovery of carbon-nanotube-filled thermoplastic elastomers. Nat. Mater. 3, 115–120 (2004)CrossRefPubMed
148.
K.C. Hribar, R.B. Metter, J.L. Ifkovits, T. Troxler, J.A. Burdick, Light-induced temperature transitions in biodegradable polymer and nanorod composites. Small 5, 1830–1834 (2009)PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
149.
H. Zhang, H. Xia, Y. Zhao, Optically triggered and spatially controllable shape-memory polymer-gold nanoparticle composite materials. J. Mater. Chem. 22, 845–849 (2012)CrossRef
150.
Y. Hu, W. Chen, Externally induced thermal actuation of polymer nanocomposites. Macromol. Chem. Phys. 212, 992–998 (2011)CrossRef
151.
L. Hsu, C. Weder, S.J. Rowan, Stimuli-responsive, mechanically-adaptive polymer nanocomposites. J. Mater. Chem. 21, 2812–2822 (2011)CrossRef
152.
S.A. Madbouly, A. Lendlein, Shape-memory polymer composites. Adv. Polym. Sci. 226, 41–95 (2010)CrossRef
153.
M.Y. Razzaq, M. Behl, A. Lendlein, Memory-effects of magnetic nanocomposites. Nanoscale 4, 6181–6195 (2012)CrossRefPubMed
154.
C.S. Hazelton, S.C. Arzberger, M.S. Lake, N.A. Munshi, RF actuation of a thermoset shape memory polymer with embedded magnetoelectroelastic particles. J Adv Mater (Covina, CA, US) 39, 35–39 (2007)
155.
P.R. Buckley, G.H. McKinley, T.S. Wilson, W. Small, W.J. Benett, J.P. Bearinger, M.W. McElfresh, D.J. Maitland, Inductively heated shape memory polymer for the magnetic actuation of medical devices. I.E.E.E. Trans. Biomed. Eng. 53, 2075–2083 (2006)
156.
U.N. Kumar, K. Kratz, W. Wagermaier, M. Behl, A. Lendlein, Non-contact actuation of triple-shape effect in multiphase polymer network nanocomposites in alternating magnetic field. J. Mater. Chem. 20, 3404–3415 (2010)CrossRef
157.
M.Y. Razzaq, M. Behl, K. Kratz, A. Lendlein, Triple-shape effect in polymer-based composites by cleverly matching geometry of active component with heating method. Adv. Mater. 25, 5514–5518 (2013)CrossRefPubMed
158.
M.Y. Razzaq, M. Behl, A. Lendlein, Magnetic memory effect of nanocomposites. Adv. Funct. Mater. 22, 184–191 (2012)CrossRef
159.
M.Y. Razzaq, M. Behl, U. Nöchel, A. Lendlein, Magnetically controlled shape-memory effects of hybrid nanocomposites from oligo(omega-pentadecalactone) and covalently integrated magnetite nanoparticles. Polymer 55, 5953–5960 (2014)CrossRef
160.
P.J. Skrzeszewska, L.N. Jong, F.A. de Wolf, M.A. Cohen Stuart, J. van der Gucht, Shape-memory efects in biopolymer networks with collagen-like transient nodes. Biomacromolecules 12, 2285–2292 (2011)CrossRefPubMed
161.
J. Hao, R.A. Weiss, Mechanically tough, thermally activated shape memory hydrogels. ACS Nano. Lett. 2, 86–89 (2013)
162.
U. Nöchel, C.S. Reddy, N.K. Uttamchand, K. Kratz, M. Behl, A. Lendlein, Shape-memory properties of hydrogels having a poly(ε-caprolactone) crosslinker and switching segment in an aqueous environment. Eur. Polym. J. 49, 2457–2466 (2013)CrossRef
163.
G. Li, Q. Yan, H. Xia, Y. Zhao, Therapeutic-ultrasound-triggered shape memory of a melamine-enhanced poly(vinyl alcohol) physical hydrogel. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 12067–12073 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
164.
M. Guo, L.M. Pitet, H.M. Wyss, M. Vos, P.Y.W. Dankers, E.W. Meijer, Tough stimuli-responsive supramolecular hydrogels with hydrogen-bonding network junctions. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 136, 6969–6977 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
165.
W. Guo, C.-H. Lu, R. Orbach, F. Wang, X.-J. Qi, A. Cecconello, D. Seliktar, I. Willner, pH-stimulated DNA hydrogels exhibiting shape-memory properties. Adv. Mater. 27, 73–78 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
166.
V. Kozlovskaya, J. Chen, C. Tedjo, X. Liang, J. Campos-Gomez, J.W. Oh, pH-responsive hydrogel cubes for release of doxorubicin in cancer cells. J. Mater. Chem. B 2, 2494–2507 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
167.
X.-J. Han, Z.-Q. Dong, M.-M. Fan, Y. Liu, J.-H. Li, Y.-F. Wang, Q.-J. Yuan, B.-J. Li, S. Zhang, pH-Induced shape-memory polymers. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 33, 1055–1060 (2012)CrossRefPubMed
168.
H. Meng, J. Zheng, X. Wen, Z. Cai, J. Zhang, T. Chen, pH- and sugar-induced shape memory hydrogel based on reversible phenylboronic acid–diol ester bonds. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 36, 533–537 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
169.
A. Yasin, H. Li, Z. Lu, S.U. Rehman, M. Siddiq, H. Yang, A shape memory hydrogel induced by the interactions between metal ions and phosphate. Soft Matter 10, 972–977 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
170.
C.-H. Lu, W. Guo, Y. Hu, X.-J. Qi, I. Willner, Multitriggered shape-memory acrylamide–DNA hydrogels. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 137, 15723–15731 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
171.
R.D. Harris, J.T. Auletta, S.A.M. Motlagh, M.J. Lawless, N.M. Perri, S. Saxena, L.M. Weiland, D.H. Waldeck, W.W. Clark, T.Y. Meyer, Chemical and electrochemical manipulation of mechanical properties in stimuli-responsive copper-cross-linked hydrogels. ACS Macro Lett. 2, 1095–1099 (2013)CrossRef
172.
Y. Han, T. Bai, Y. Liu, X. Zhai, W. Liu, Zinc ion uniquely induced triple shape memory effect of dipole-dipole reinforced ultra-high strength hydrogels. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 33, 225–231 (2012)CrossRefPubMed
173.
Y. Kagami, J.P. Gong, Y. Osada, Shape memory behaviors of crosslinked copolymers containing stearyl acrylate. Macromol. Rapid Commun. 17, 539–543 (1996)CrossRef
174.
175.
C. Liu, H. Qin, P.T. Mather, Review of progress in shape-memory polymers. J. Mater. Chem. 17, 1543–1558 (2007)CrossRef
176.
K. Inomata, T. Terahama, R. Sekoguchi, T. Ito, H. Sugimoto, E. Nakanishi, Shape memory properties of polypeptide hydrogels having hydrophobic alkyl side chains. Polymer 53, 3281–3286 (2012)CrossRef
177.
M.H. Kabir, T. Hazama, Y. Watanabe, J. Gong, K. Murase, T. Sunada, H. Furukawa, Smart hydrogel with shape memory for biomedical applications. J. Taiwan Inst. Chem. Eng. 45, 3134–3138 (2014)CrossRef
178.
J.L. Zhang, W.M. Huang, G. Gao, J. Fu, Y. Zhou, A.V. Salvekar, S.S. Venkatraman, Y.S. Wong, K.H. Tay, W.R. Birch, Shape memory/change effect in a double network nanocomposite tough hydrogel. Eur. Polym. J. 58, 41–51 (2014)CrossRef
179.
M. Balk, M. Behl, U. Nöchel, A. Lendlein, Shape-memory hydrogels with switching segments based on oligo(omega-pentadecalactone). Macromol. Mater. Eng. 297, 1184–1192 (2012)CrossRef
180.
M. Balk, M. Behl, U. Nöchel, A. Lendlein, Shape-memory hydrogels with crystallizable oligotetrahydrofuran side chains. Macromol. Symp. 345, 8–13 (2014)CrossRef
181.
U. Nöchel, M. Behl, M. Balk, A. Lendlein, Thermally-induced triple-shape hydrogels: Soft materials enabling complex movements. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8, 28068–28076 (2016)CrossRefPubMed
182.
K. Miyamae, M. Nakahata, Y. Takashima, A. Harada, Self-healing, expansion-contraction, and shape-memory properties of a preorganized supramolecular hydrogel through host–guest interactions. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 54, 8984–8987 (2015)CrossRef
183.
G.F. Li, J. Wu, B. Wang, S.F. Yan, K.X. Zhang, J.X. Ding, J.B. Yin, Self-healing supramolecular self-assembled hydrogels based on poly(L-glutamic acid). Biomacromolecules 16, 3508–3518 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
184.
N.M. Sangeetha, U. Maitra, Supramolecular gels: Functions and uses. Chem. Soc. Rev. 34, 821–836 (2005)CrossRefPubMed
185.
X. Yan, F. Wang, B. Zheng, F. Huang, Stimuli-responsive supramolecular polymeric materials. Chem. Soc. Rev. 41, 6042–6065 (2012)CrossRefPubMed
186.
B.Q.Y. Chan, Z.W.K. Low, S.J.W. Heng, S.Y. Chan, C. Owh, X.J. Loh, Recent advances in shape memory soft materials for biomedical applications. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8, 10070–10087 (2016)CrossRefPubMed
187.
T. Bai, Y. Han, P. Zhang, W. Wang, W. Liu, Zinc ion-triggered two-way macro−/microscopic shape changing and memory effects in high strength hydrogels with pre-programmed unilateral patterned surfaces. Soft Matter 8, 6846–6852 (2012)CrossRef
188.
B. Xu, Y. Li, F. Gao, X. Zhai, M. Sun, W. Lu, Z. Cao, W. Liu, High strength multifunctional multiwalled hydrogel tubes: Ion-triggered shape memory, antibacterial, and anti-inflammatory efficacies. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 7, 16865–16872 (2015)CrossRefPubMed
189.
W. Nan, W. Wang, H. Gao, W. Liu, Fabrication of a shape memory hydrogel based on imidazole-zinc ion coordination for potential cell-encapsulating tubular scaffold application. Soft Matter 9, 132–137 (2013)CrossRef
190.
X. Le, W. Lu, J. Zheng, D. Tong, N. Zhao, C. Ma, H. Xiao, J. Zhang, Y. Huang, T. Chen, Stretchable supramolecular hydrogels with triple shape memory effect. Chem. Sci. 7, 6715–6720 (2016)PubMedCentralCrossRefPubMed
191.
O. Peters, H. Ritter, Supramolecular controlled water uptake of macroscopic materials by a cyclodextrin-induced hydrophobic-to-hydrophilic transition. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 52, 8961–8963 (2013)CrossRef
192.
Y.-N. Chen, L. Peng, T. Liu, Y. Wang, S. Shi, H. Wang, Poly(vinyl alcohol)–tannic acid hydrogels with excellent mechanical properties and shape memory behaviors. ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces 8, 27199–27206 (2016)CrossRefPubMed
193.
C.L. Lewis, E.M. Dell, A review of shape memory polymers bearing reversible binding groups. J. Polym. Sci. B Polym. Phys. 54, 1340–1364 (2016)CrossRef
194.
L. Qin, F. Xie, P. Duan, M. Liu, A peptide dendron-based shrinkable metallo-hydrogel for charged species separation and stepwise release of drugs. Chem. Eur. J. 20, 15419–15425 (2014)CrossRefPubMed
195.
M. Hacker, H. Nawaz, Multi-functional macromers for hydrogel design in biomedical engineering and regenerative medicine. Int. J. Mol. Sci. 16, 26056 (2015)CrossRef
196.
J.L. Hu, J. Lu, Shape memory polymers in textiles. Adv. Sci. Technol. 80, 30–38 (2013)CrossRef
197.
A. Lendlein, R. Langer, Biodegradable, elastic shape-memory polymers for potential biomedical applications. Science 296, 1673 (2002)CrossRefPubMed
198.
F. El Feninat, G. Laroche, M. Fiset, D. Mantovani, Shape memory materials for biomedical applications. Adv. Eng. Mater. 4, 91–104 (2002)CrossRef
199.
D.J. Maitland, M.F. Metzger, D. Schumann, A. Lee, T.S. Wilson, Photothermal properties of shape memory polymer micro-actuators for treating stroke. Lasers Surg. Med. 30, 1–11 (2002)CrossRefPubMed
200.
W. Small IV, T. Wilson, W. Benett, J. Loge, D. Maitland, Laser-activated shape memory polymer intravascular thrombectomy device. Opt. Express 13, 8204–8213 (2005)CrossRef
201.
S. Shih-Horng, Mini review of the fully bioabsorbable polymeric stents. Recent Pat. Eng. 1, 244–250 (2007)CrossRef
202.
F. Jung, C. Wischke, A. Lendlein, Degradable, multifunctional cardiovascular implants: Challenges and hurdles. MRS Bull. 35, 607–613 (2010)CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Shape-Memory Polymers
Authors
Magdalena Mazurek-Budzyńska
Muhammad Yasar Razzaq
Marc Behl
Andreas Lendlein
Copyright Year
2019
Book
Functional Polymers

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-95986-3

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-95987-0

Copyright Year: 2019

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-95987-0_18

Premium Partners

    Image Credits