Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 6/2017

10-10-2017

Single Crystal Casting with Fluidized Carbon Bed Cooling: A Process Innovation for Quality Improvement and Cost Reduction

Authors: M. Hofmeister, M. M. Franke, C. Koerner, R. F. Singer

Published in: Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B | Issue 6/2017

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Superalloy gas turbine blades are being produced by investment casting and directional solidification. A new process, Fluidized Carbon Bed Cooling (FCBC), has been developed and is now being optimized in a prototype casting unit with 10 kg pouring weight. In early test runs with still rather simple mold cluster geometries, a reduction of the primary dendrite arm spacing of around 40 pct compared to the standard radiation cooling process (HRS) could be demonstrated. The improvement is mainly attributed to higher temperature gradients driving solidification, made possible by a functioning Dynamic Baffle. Compared to earlier development efforts in the literature, contamination of the melt and damage to the equipment are avoided using carbon-based fluidized bed materials and the so-called “counter pressure concept.”

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference R.F. Singer: Materials for advanced power engineering 1994: Part II, D. Coutsouradis, J.H. Davidson, J. Ewald, P. Greenfield, T. Khan, M. Malik, D.B. Meadowcroft, V. Ragis, R.B. Scarlin, F. Schubert, and D.V. Thornton, eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994, pp. 1707–29. R.F. Singer: Materials for advanced power engineering 1994: Part II, D. Coutsouradis, J.H. Davidson, J. Ewald, P. Greenfield, T. Khan, M. Malik, D.B. Meadowcroft, V. Ragis, R.B. Scarlin, F. Schubert, and D.V. Thornton, eds., Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1994, pp. 1707–29.
2.
go back to reference F. Hugo, H. Mayer, and R.F. Singer: 42nd Annual Technical Meeting/Investment Casting Institute: Atlanta, Georgia, 25–28 September 1994, Inst, Dallas, Tex., 1994. F. Hugo, H. Mayer, and R.F. Singer: 42nd Annual Technical Meeting/Investment Casting Institute: Atlanta, Georgia, 25–28 September 1994, Inst, Dallas, Tex., 1994.
3.
go back to reference 3. M. M. Franke, R. M. Hilbinger, A. Lohmüller, and R. F. Singer: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2013, vol. 213, pp. 2081–88.CrossRef 3. M. M. Franke, R. M. Hilbinger, A. Lohmüller, and R. F. Singer: J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2013, vol. 213, pp. 2081–88.CrossRef
4.
go back to reference 4. J. D. Miller and T. M. Pollock: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2014, vol. 45, pp. 411–25.CrossRef 4. J. D. Miller and T. M. Pollock: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2014, vol. 45, pp. 411–25.CrossRef
5.
go back to reference 5. A. F. Giamei and J. G. Tschinkel: Metall. Trans. A, 1976, vol. 7, pp. 1427–34.CrossRef 5. A. F. Giamei and J. G. Tschinkel: Metall. Trans. A, 1976, vol. 7, pp. 1427–34.CrossRef
6.
go back to reference 6. A. J. Elliott, T. M. Pollock, S. Tin, W. T. King, S.-C. Huang, and M. F. X. Gigliotti: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2004, vol. 35, pp. 3221–31.CrossRef 6. A. J. Elliott, T. M. Pollock, S. Tin, W. T. King, S.-C. Huang, and M. F. X. Gigliotti: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2004, vol. 35, pp. 3221–31.CrossRef
7.
go back to reference 7. M. Lamm and R.F. Singer: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2007, vol. 38, pp. 1177–83.CrossRef 7. M. Lamm and R.F. Singer: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2007, vol. 38, pp. 1177–83.CrossRef
8.
go back to reference 8. S. Steuer, P. Villechaise, T. M. Pollock, and J. Cormier: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2015, vol. 645, pp. 109–15.CrossRef 8. S. Steuer, P. Villechaise, T. M. Pollock, and J. Cormier: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2015, vol. 645, pp. 109–15.CrossRef
9.
go back to reference 9. T. M. Pollock and W. H. Murphy: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, vol. 27, pp. 1081–94.CrossRef 9. T. M. Pollock and W. H. Murphy: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, vol. 27, pp. 1081–94.CrossRef
10.
go back to reference 10. A. Heckl, S. Neumeier, M. Göken, and R. F. Singer: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2011, vol. 528, pp. 3435–44.CrossRef 10. A. Heckl, S. Neumeier, M. Göken, and R. F. Singer: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2011, vol. 528, pp. 3435–44.CrossRef
11.
go back to reference 11. R. Rettig, N. C. Ritter, H. E. Helmer, S. Neumeier, and R. F. Singer: Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2015, vol. 23, p. 35004.CrossRef 11. R. Rettig, N. C. Ritter, H. E. Helmer, S. Neumeier, and R. F. Singer: Modelling Simul. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2015, vol. 23, p. 35004.CrossRef
12.
go back to reference R. Rettig, K. Matuszewski, A. Müller, H.E. Helmer, N.C. Ritter, and R.F. Singer: Superalloys 2016, M.C. Hardy, E.S. Huron, U. Glatzel, B. Griffin, B. Lewis, C. Rae, V. Seetharaman, and S. Tin, eds., Wiley, 2016, pp. 35–44. R. Rettig, K. Matuszewski, A. Müller, H.E. Helmer, N.C. Ritter, and R.F. Singer: Superalloys 2016, M.C. Hardy, E.S. Huron, U. Glatzel, B. Griffin, B. Lewis, C. Rae, V. Seetharaman, and S. Tin, eds., Wiley, 2016, pp. 35–44.
13.
go back to reference M. Lamm, A. Volek, O. Lüsebrink, and R.F. Singer: Materials for Advanced Power Engineering 2006: Part I, J. Lecomte-Beckers, M. Carton, F. Schubert, and P.J. Ennis, eds., Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 2006, pp. 334–44. M. Lamm, A. Volek, O. Lüsebrink, and R.F. Singer: Materials for Advanced Power Engineering 2006: Part I, J. Lecomte-Beckers, M. Carton, F. Schubert, and P.J. Ennis, eds., Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, 2006, pp. 334–44.
14.
go back to reference M.S.A. Karunaratne, D.C. Cox, P. Carter, and R.C. Reed: Superalloys 2000, Ed. by K. Green, T. M. Pollock, and R. Kissinger, TMS, 2000, pp. 263–72. M.S.A. Karunaratne, D.C. Cox, P. Carter, and R.C. Reed: Superalloys 2000, Ed. by K. Green, T. M. Pollock, and R. Kissinger, TMS, 2000, pp. 263–72.
15.
go back to reference 15. K. Matuszewski, R. Rettig, H. Matysiak, Z. Peng, I. Povstugar, P. Choi, J. Müller, D. Raabe, E. Spiecker, K. J. Kurzydłowski, and R. F. Singer: Acta Mater., 2015, vol. 95, pp. 274–83.CrossRef 15. K. Matuszewski, R. Rettig, H. Matysiak, Z. Peng, I. Povstugar, P. Choi, J. Müller, D. Raabe, E. Spiecker, K. J. Kurzydłowski, and R. F. Singer: Acta Mater., 2015, vol. 95, pp. 274–83.CrossRef
16.
go back to reference 16. D. Ma, H. Lu, and A. Bührig-Polaczek: IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2012, vol. 27, p. 12036.CrossRef 16. D. Ma, H. Lu, and A. Bührig-Polaczek: IOP Conf. Ser.: Mater. Sci. Eng., 2012, vol. 27, p. 12036.CrossRef
17.
go back to reference M. Konter, E. Kats, and N. Hofmann: Superalloys 2000, K. Green, T.M. Pollock, and R. Kissinger, eds., TMS, 2000, pp. 189–200. M. Konter, E. Kats, and N. Hofmann: Superalloys 2000, K. Green, T.M. Pollock, and R. Kissinger, eds., TMS, 2000, pp. 189–200.
18.
go back to reference J. Großmann, J. Preuhs, W. Esser, and R. F. Singer: Proceedings of the 1999 International Symposium on Liquid Metal Processing and Casting, A. Mitchell, L. Ridgway, and M. Baldwin, eds., 1999, pp. 31–40. J. Großmann, J. Preuhs, W. Esser, and R. F. Singer: Proceedings of the 1999 International Symposium on Liquid Metal Processing and Casting, A. Mitchell, L. Ridgway, and M. Baldwin, eds., 1999, pp. 31–40.
19.
go back to reference A. Lohmüller, W. Eßler, J. Großmann, M. Hördler, J. Preuhs, and F.R. Singer: Superalloys 2000, K. Green, T.M. Pollock, and R. Kissinger, eds., TMS, 2000, pp. 181–88. A. Lohmüller, W. Eßler, J. Großmann, M. Hördler, J. Preuhs, and F.R. Singer: Superalloys 2000, K. Green, T.M. Pollock, and R. Kissinger, eds., TMS, 2000, pp. 181–88.
20.
go back to reference R. F. Singer, T. Fitzgerald, and P. Krug: WO9605006 - Method and Device for Directionally Solidifying a Melt (1995), WO 9605006 A1 19960222. R. F. Singer, T. Fitzgerald, and P. Krug: WO9605006 - Method and Device for Directionally Solidifying a Melt (1995), WO 9605006 A1 19960222.
21.
go back to reference 21. W. Kurz and D. F. Fisher: Fundamentals of solidification, Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland, 1984. 21. W. Kurz and D. F. Fisher: Fundamentals of solidification, Trans Tech Publications, Switzerland, 1984.
22.
go back to reference P. Krug: Einfluss einer Flüssigmetallkühlung auf die Mikrostruktur gerichtet erstarrter Superlegierungen. Dissertation, Erlangen, 1998. P. Krug: Einfluss einer Flüssigmetallkühlung auf die Mikrostruktur gerichtet erstarrter Superlegierungen. Dissertation, Erlangen, 1998.
23.
go back to reference 23. A. C. Rees, J. F. Davidson, J. S. Dennis, and A. N. Hayhurst: Chem. Eng. Sci., 2005, vol. 60, pp. 1143–53.CrossRef 23. A. C. Rees, J. F. Davidson, J. S. Dennis, and A. N. Hayhurst: Chem. Eng. Sci., 2005, vol. 60, pp. 1143–53.CrossRef
24.
go back to reference L.D. Graham: US6035924 - Method of Casting a Metal Article (1998), US6035924. L.D. Graham: US6035924 - Method of Casting a Metal Article (1998), US6035924.
25.
go back to reference 25. R. C. Darton, R. D. LaNauze, J. F. Davidson, and D. Harrison: Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng., 1977, vol. 55, pp. 274–80. 25. R. C. Darton, R. D. LaNauze, J. F. Davidson, and D. Harrison: Trans. Inst. Chem. Eng., 1977, vol. 55, pp. 274–80.
27.
go back to reference P.N. Quested and J.E. Northwood: US 4573516 - Method and apparatus for casting directionally solidified articles (1983), US 4573516 A 19860304. P.N. Quested and J.E. Northwood: US 4573516 - Method and apparatus for casting directionally solidified articles (1983), US 4573516 A 19860304.
28.
go back to reference Y.G. Nakagawa, Y. Ohotomo, Y. Saiga, and H. Suto: Superalloys 1980, J.K. Tien, eds., American Society for Metals, 1980, pp. 267–74. Y.G. Nakagawa, Y. Ohotomo, Y. Saiga, and H. Suto: Superalloys 1980, J.K. Tien, eds., American Society for Metals, 1980, pp. 267–74.
29.
go back to reference L.D. Graham and B.L. Rauguth: EP1153681 - Method and device for casting a metal article using a fluidized bed (2000), EP 1153681 A1 20011114. L.D. Graham and B.L. Rauguth: EP1153681 - Method and device for casting a metal article using a fluidized bed (2000), EP 1153681 A1 20011114.
30.
go back to reference O. Molerus: Principles of Flow in Diperse Systems, Chapman & Hall, 1993. O. Molerus: Principles of Flow in Diperse Systems, Chapman & Hall, 1993.
31.
go back to reference L.D. Graham: US2004173336 - Fluidized bed with baffle (2003), US 2004173336 A1 20040909. L.D. Graham: US2004173336 - Fluidized bed with baffle (2003), US 2004173336 A1 20040909.
32.
go back to reference M. Hofmeister, K.E. Wirth, and R.F. Singer: DE102014216766 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussbauteils (2014), DE102014216766 (A1) — 2016-02-25. M. Hofmeister, K.E. Wirth, and R.F. Singer: DE102014216766 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussbauteils (2014), DE102014216766 (A1) — 2016-02-25.
33.
go back to reference M. Hofmeister and R.F. Singer: DE102014208922 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussbauteils (2014), DE102014208922 (A1) — 2014-12-11. M. Hofmeister and R.F. Singer: DE102014208922 - Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gussbauteils (2014), DE102014208922 (A1) — 2014-12-11.
34.
go back to reference M. Gell, D.N. Duhl, and A.F. Giamei: Superalloys 1980, J.K. Tien, eds., American Society for Metals, 1980. M. Gell, D.N. Duhl, and A.F. Giamei: Superalloys 1980, J.K. Tien, eds., American Society for Metals, 1980.
35.
go back to reference 35. Y. Zhou and A. Volek: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2008, vol. 479, pp. 324–32.CrossRef 35. Y. Zhou and A. Volek: Mater. Sci. Eng., A, 2008, vol. 479, pp. 324–32.CrossRef
36.
go back to reference 36. S. Tin, T. M. Pollock, and W. Murphy: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2001, vol. 32, pp. 1743–53.CrossRef 36. S. Tin, T. M. Pollock, and W. Murphy: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 2001, vol. 32, pp. 1743–53.CrossRef
37.
go back to reference 37. P. S. Kotval, J. D. Venables, and R. W. Calder: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 1972, vol. 3, pp. 457–62.CrossRef 37. P. S. Kotval, J. D. Venables, and R. W. Calder: Metall. Mater. Trans. B, 1972, vol. 3, pp. 457–62.CrossRef
38.
go back to reference 38. M. F. Llop, F. Madrid, J. Arnaldos, and J. Casal: Chem. Eng. Sci., 1996, vol. 51, pp. 5149–57.CrossRef 38. M. F. Llop, F. Madrid, J. Arnaldos, and J. Casal: Chem. Eng. Sci., 1996, vol. 51, pp. 5149–57.CrossRef
39.
go back to reference 39. U. Betz, F. Hugo, and H. Mayer: BICTA Bulletin (British Investment Casting Trade Association), 1996, vol. 23, pp. 7–10. 39. U. Betz, F. Hugo, and H. Mayer: BICTA Bulletin (British Investment Casting Trade Association), 1996, vol. 23, pp. 7–10.
40.
go back to reference D.M. Shah and A. Cetel: Superalloys 2000, K. Green, T.M. Pollock, and R. Kissinger, eds., TMS, 2000, pp. 295–304. D.M. Shah and A. Cetel: Superalloys 2000, K. Green, T.M. Pollock, and R. Kissinger, eds., TMS, 2000, pp. 295–304.
41.
go back to reference 41. H. Jacobi and K. Schwerdtfeger: Metall. Trans. A, 1976, vol. 7, pp. 811–20.CrossRef 41. H. Jacobi and K. Schwerdtfeger: Metall. Trans. A, 1976, vol. 7, pp. 811–20.CrossRef
42.
go back to reference 42. M. Rappaz, C. A. Gandin, J. L. Desbiolles, and P. Thévoz: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, vol. 27, pp. 695–705.CrossRef 42. M. Rappaz, C. A. Gandin, J. L. Desbiolles, and P. Thévoz: Metall. Mater. Trans. A, 1996, vol. 27, pp. 695–705.CrossRef
43.
go back to reference G. van Rossum: Python 2.7, Python Software Foundation, 2017. G. van Rossum: Python 2.7, Python Software Foundation, 2017.
Metadata
Title
Single Crystal Casting with Fluidized Carbon Bed Cooling: A Process Innovation for Quality Improvement and Cost Reduction
Authors
M. Hofmeister
M. M. Franke
C. Koerner
R. F. Singer
Publication date
10-10-2017
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B / Issue 6/2017
Print ISSN: 1073-5615
Electronic ISSN: 1543-1916
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11663-017-1110-x

Other articles of this Issue 6/2017

Metallurgical and Materials Transactions B 6/2017 Go to the issue

Premium Partners