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Published in:
2022 | OriginalPaper | Chapter
Solar Detoxification and Disinfection of Water
Authors : S. Malato, I. Oller, Inmaculada Polo, P. Fernández-Ibañez
Published in: Solar Thermal Energy
Publisher: Springer US
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Excerpt
Absorber tube
The tube through which the fluid is to be illuminated and/or heated up in a solar collector.
CPC
Compound Parabolic Collector. They are static collectors with a reflective surface following an involute around a cylindrical reactor and have been found to provide the best optics for low concentration systems.
Electron/hole
Negative and positive charge generated in an illuminated semiconductor. The excited electrons are transferred to the reducible specimen at the same time that the catalyst accepts electrons from the oxidizable specimen, which occupies the holes. In both directions, the net flow of electrons is null and the catalyst remains unaltered.
Immobilized catalyst
Anchoring the catalyst onto some type of inert support inside the reactor.
Mineralization
Conversion of organic compounds to inorganic ones. These inorganic compounds are usually carbon dioxide, water, and acids (nontoxic substances).
Photocatalysis
Combination of photochemistry with catalysis. Both light and catalyst are necessary to achieve or to accelerate a chemical reaction. Photocatalysis may be defined as the “acceleration of a photoreaction by the presence of a catalyst.” Heterogeneous processes employ semiconductor slurries for catalysis, whereas homogeneous photocatalysis is used in a single-phase system.
Photo-Fenton
Combination of Fe2+, H2O2, and irradiation for producing hydroxyl radicals. The main advantage of the photo-Fenton process is the light sensitivity up to a wavelength of 550 nm.
Photoreactor
Reactor where a photochemical reaction takes place.
Quantum yield
The ratio between the number of reacting molecules of target compound or product formed and the quantity of photons absorbed by the system.
Semiconductor
Material with an appropriate energetic separation between its valence and conduction bands, which can be surpassed applying external energy (for example, light). Metal oxides and sulfides represent a large class of semiconductor materials suitable for photocatalytic purposes.
Solar photochemistry
This term includes those chemical processes which use the sun to drive specific chemical reactions by direct absorption of solar photons.