Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Polymer Bulletin
Published in: Polymer Bulletin 1/2010

01-01-2010 | Original Paper

Stable free radical polymerization of styrene with 4-sulphonate-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl as mediators

Authors: Jieai Li, Zhengbiao Zhang, Xiulin Zhu, Jian Zhu, Zhenping Cheng, Wenjian Xu

Published in: Polymer Bulletin | Issue 1/2010

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The stable free radical polymerizations of styrene were investigated with five 4-sulphonate-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl stable radicals as mediators and benzoyl peroxide (BPO) as initiators at 125 °C. The results indicated that the polymerizations proceeded in a “living”/controlled manner, i.e., the polymerization rates were first-order with respect to the monomer concentrations, molecular weights increased linearly with conversions and the molecular weight distributions were relatively low (M w/M n = 1.2–1.4), 1H NMR analysis of the polymer chain-ends and successful chain extensions. The polymerization rates were faster than that of 4-hydroxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (OH-TEMPO) mediated ones. The effects of steric interference of different substitute groups at four-position of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (TEMPO), the molar ratios of stable radical to BPO and the temperature on the polymerizations were investigated.
next article A novel strategy to synthesize POSS/PS composite and study on its thermal properties

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
Literature
1.
Wang JS, Matyjaszewski K (1995) Controlled/“living” radical polymerization. Halogen atom transfer radical polymerization promoted by a Cu(I)/Cu(II) redox process. Macromolecules 28:7901–7910CrossRef
2.
Emmal JL, Iris M, Norman CB, Steven PA (2001) Facile synthesis of well-defined, biocompatible phosphorylcholine-based methacrylate copolymers via atom transfer radical polymerization at 20°C. J Am Chem Soc 123:7913–7914CrossRef
3.
Moad G, Rizzardo E, Solomon DH (1982) Selectivity of the reaction of free radical with styrene. Macromolecules 15:909–914CrossRef
4.
Farcet C, Charleux B, Pirri R (2002) Nitroxide-mediated miniemulsion polymerization of n-butyl acrylate: synthesis of controlled homopolymers and gradient copolymers with styrene. Macromol Symp 182:249–260CrossRef
5.
Michael JM, Marie S, Jeroen V, Christianne MG (2000) Synthesis of butyl acrylate–styrene block copolymers in emulsion by reversible addition–fragmentation chain transfer: effect of surfactant migration upon film formation. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 38:4206–4217CrossRef
6.
Muriel L, Thomas PD, Johan PAH (2002) RAFT miniemulsion polymerization: influence of the structure of the RAFT agent. Macromolecules 35:7582–7591CrossRef
7.
Szwarc M, Levy M, Milkovich RM (1956) Polymerization initiated by electron transfer to monomer. A new method of formation of block polymers. J Am Chem Soc 78:2656–2657CrossRef
8.
Matyjaszewski K, Sawamoto M (1996) In: Matyjaszewski K (ed) Cationic polymerizations: mechanisms synthesis and applications. Marcel Dekker, New York, p 265
9.
Hawker CJ, Bosman AW, Harth E (2001) New polymer synthesis by nitroxide mediated living radical polymerizations. Chem Rev 101:3661–3688CrossRef
10.
Salomon DH, Rizzardo E, Cacioli P (1986) Polymerization process and polymers produced thereby. US Patent 4,581,429
11.
Georges MK, Veregin RPN, Kazmaier PM, Hamer GK (1994) Taming the free-radical polymerization process. Trends Polym Sci 2:66–72
12.
Benoit D, Grimaldi S, Finet JP, Tordo P, Fontanille M, Gnanou Y (1997) Controlled free-radical polymerization in the presence of a novel asymmetric nitroxyl radical. Polym Prepr (Am Chem Soc Div Polym Chem) 38:729–730
13.
Benoit D, Chaplinski V, Braslau R, Hawker CJ (1999) Development of a universal alkoxyamine for “living” free radical polymerizations. J Am Chem Soc 121:3904–3920CrossRef
14.
Grimaldi S, Finet JP, Le MF, Zeghdaoui A, Tordo P, Benoit D, Fontanille M, Gnanou Y (2000) Acyclic β-phosphonylated nitroxides: a new series of counter-radicals for “living”/controlled free radical polymerization. Macromolecules 33:1141–1147CrossRef
15.
Benoit D, Grimaldi S, Robin S, Finet JP, Tordo P, Gnanou Y (2000) Kinetics and mechanism of controlled free-radical polymerization of styrene and n-butyl acrylate in the presence of an acryclic β-phosphonylated nitroxide. J Am Chem Soc 122:5929–5939CrossRef
16.
Georges MK, Veregin RPN, Kazmaier PM, Hamer GK, Saban M (1994) Narrow polydispersity polystyrene by a free-radical polymerization process-rate enhancement. Macromolecules 27:7228–7229CrossRef
17.
Odell PG, Veregin RPN, Michalak LM, Brousmiche D, Georges MK (1995) Rate enhancement of living free-radical polymerization by an organic acid salt. Macromolecules 28:8453–8455CrossRef
18.
Malmstrom E, Miller RD, Hawker CJ (1997) Development of a new class of rate-accelerating additives for nitroxide-mediated ‘living’ free radical polymerization. Tetradron 53:15225–15236CrossRef
19.
Chang HH, Marco D, Heike B, Gudrun S (1999) 4-Oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (4-oxo-TEMPO)- and 4-acetamido-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl (4-acetamido-TEMPO)-controlled free radical polymerization of styrene. Macromol Chem Phys 200:1779–1783CrossRef
20.
Yin M, Krause T, Messerschmidt M, Habicher WD, Voit B (2005) Nitroxide-mediated homo- and block copolymerization of styrene and multifunctional acryl- and methacryl derivatives. J Polym Sci Part A Polym Chem 43:1873–1882CrossRef
21.
Bertin D, Gigmes D, Le MC, Marque SRA, Tordo P (2004) Factors influencing C–ON bond homolysis in alkoxyamines: unexpected behavior of SG1 (N-(2-methyl-2-propyl)-N-(1-diethylphosphono-2,2-dimethylpropyl)-N-oxyl)-based alkoxyamines. J Org Chem 69:4925–4930CrossRef
22.
Bertin D, Gigmes D, Marque SRA, Tordo P (2005) Polar, steric, and stabilization effects in alkoxyamines C–ON bond homolysis: a multiparameter analysis. Macromolecules 38:2638–2650CrossRef
23.
Hideg K, Hankovszky OH, Tigyi J (1977) Nitroxides, I. sulfonic esters of 4-hydroxy-2,2,6,6-etramethyl piperidine-1-oxyl and their reaction with nucleophilic reactants. Acta Chim Acad Sci Hung 92(1):85–87
24.
Devonport W, Michalak L, Malmström E, Mate M, Kurdi B, Hawker CJ (1997) “Living” free-radical polymerizations in the absence of initiators: controlled autopolymreization. Macromolecules 30:1929–1934CrossRef
25.
Veregin RPN, Odell PG, Michalak LM, Georges MK (1996) The pivotal role of excess nitroxide radical in living free radical polymerizations with narrow polydispersity. Macromolecules 29:2746–2754CrossRef
26.
Georges MK, Hamer GK, Listigovers NA (1998) Block copolymer synthesis by a nitroxide-mediated living free radical polymerization process. Macromolecules 31:9087–9089CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Stable free radical polymerization of styrene with 4-sulphonate-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-N-oxyl as mediators
Authors
Jieai Li
Zhengbiao Zhang
Xiulin Zhu
Jian Zhu
Zhenping Cheng
Wenjian Xu
Publication date
01-01-2010
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Polymer Bulletin / Issue 1/2010
Print ISSN: 0170-0839
Electronic ISSN: 1436-2449
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-009-0125-0

Other articles of this Issue 1/2010

Polymer Bulletin 1/2010 Go to the issue

Original Paper

Surface properties and chain structure of fluorinated acrylate copolymers prepared by emulsion polymerization

Original Paper

Morphology of composite particles of single wall carbon nanotubes/biodegradable polyhydroxyalkanoates prepared by spray drying

OriginalPaper

Pendant-decorated polytriphenylamine derivative: potential blue-emitting and hole-transporting material

OriginalPaper

Poly(acrylamide/maleic acid)–sepiolite composite hydrogels for immobilization of invertase

OriginalPaper

Heavy metal ions removal through poly(acrylamide-co-methacrylic acid) resin

OriginalPaper

A novel strategy to synthesize POSS/PS composite and study on its thermal properties

Premium Partners

    Image Credits