1. Subsoil Monitoring at Nuclear Industry Enterprises: Basic Provisions

The chapter provides the basics of the SM–NI system—the need for the system, the theoretical foundations of monitoring, and types of observations. Environmental monitoring systems were developed and implemented within the SC “Rosatom” to obtain reliable information on the current and future impact of its enterprises on the environment, including the subsoil. In accordance with the SM–NI concept, we have adopted the purpose of any kind of environmental monitoring is to obtain the necessary and sufficient information for environmental management. The main tasks and activities within the functional blocks of the SM–NI conceptual scheme are outlined. Observed environment parameters, subsystems, and types of the SM–NI observations are considered.