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Published in:
Design Advocacy Read chapter Read first chapter

2016 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

2. Systems Thinking

Author : Alexandra Jayeun Lee

Published in: Resilience by Design

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

How architects have come to be largely absent in disaster recovery activities compared to some of the other sectors in the medical, the legal, and even the engineering fields can, in part, be explained by how architects have responded to industrialization, which transformed how cities developed.

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Footnotes
1
The ladder of participation is categorized under eight successive rungs according to the levels of participation, determined by extent to which the participating citizen has influenced the outcome. The eight rungs of the ladder are clustered into three tiers of power, namely: citizen power, tokenism, and non-participation.
 
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Metadata
Title
Systems Thinking
Author
Alexandra Jayeun Lee
Copyright Year
2016
Book
Resilience by Design

Print ISBN: 978-3-319-30639-1

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-30641-4

Copyright Year: 2016

DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-30641-4_2