Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Happiness Studies 4/2023

31-03-2023 | Research Paper

The Effects of Humor Intervention on Teenagers’ Sense of Humor, Positive Emotions, and Learning Ability: A Positive Psychological Perspective

Authors: Yu-Hsiu Liao, Mei-Fang Lee, Yao-Ting Sung, Hsueh-Chih Chen

Published in: Journal of Happiness Studies | Issue 4/2023

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Amid widespread concerns about the mental health of teenagers, this quasi-experimental study examines the effects of a classroom humor intervention on 268 seventh graders’ positive emotions, as well as their sense of humor and language ability. The participants completed self-report measures and a language exam before and after the intervention, which lasted six weeks. Analysis of covariance and mediation analysis were used to evaluate the effects. The results supported the researchers’ hypotheses that the humor intervention would significantly increase learners’ positive emotions, sense of humor, and language ability. The mediation analysis revealed that sense of humor mediated the relationship between the humor intervention and positive emotions, and that neither sense of humor nor positive emotion was the sole factor contributing to the observed learning gains. The study concludes that the intervention helped foster a learner-friendly environment in which the participants increased their positive emotions, sense of humor and language ability simultaneously, and makes recommendations for practitioners and future researchers on that basis.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
go back to reference Alnamer, A. S. M., Altakhaineh, A. R. M., & Alnamer, S. A. S. (2019). On the appreciation of English punny jokes by Arabic-speaking EFL learners. The Asian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 6(1), 54–67. Alnamer, A. S. M., Altakhaineh, A. R. M., & Alnamer, S. A. S. (2019). On the appreciation of English punny jokes by Arabic-speaking EFL learners. The Asian Journal of Applied Linguistics, 6(1), 54–67.
go back to reference Anderson, L. W., & Sosniak, L. A. (1994). Bloom’s taxonomy. University of Chicago Press. Anderson, L. W., & Sosniak, L. A. (1994). Bloom’s taxonomy. University of Chicago Press.
go back to reference Baker, G., & Aldridge, M. (2018). Disambiguating ambiguity: Providing a framework for classifying types of ambiguity. Linguistics & the Human Sciences, 14(3), 237–260. Baker, G., & Aldridge, M. (2018). Disambiguating ambiguity: Providing a framework for classifying types of ambiguity. Linguistics & the Human Sciences, 14(3), 237–260.
go back to reference Bartzik, M., Bentrup, A., Hill, S., Bley, M., von Hirschhausen, E., Krause, G., Ahaus, P., Dahl-Dichmann, A., & Peifer, C. (2021). Care for joy: Evaluation of a humor intervention and its effects on stress, flow experience, work enjoyment, and meaningfulness of work. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 667821–667821. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.667821CrossRef Bartzik, M., Bentrup, A., Hill, S., Bley, M., von Hirschhausen, E., Krause, G., Ahaus, P., Dahl-Dichmann, A., & Peifer, C. (2021). Care for joy: Evaluation of a humor intervention and its effects on stress, flow experience, work enjoyment, and meaningfulness of work. Frontiers in Public Health, 9, 667821–667821. https://​doi.​org/​10.​3389/​fpubh.​2021.​667821CrossRef
go back to reference Bell, N., & Pomerantz, A. (2016). Humor in the classroom: A guide for language teachers and educational researchers. Routledge. Bell, N., & Pomerantz, A. (2016). Humor in the classroom: A guide for language teachers and educational researchers. Routledge.
go back to reference Bloom, B. S., Engelhart, M. D., Furst, E. J., Hill, W. H., & Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. David McKay. Bloom, B. S., Engelhart, M. D., Furst, E. J., Hill, W. H., & Krathwohl, D. R. (1956). Taxonomy of educational objectives: The classification of educational goals. David McKay.
go back to reference Chang, Y.-T., Chan, Y.-C., & Chen, H.-C. (2022). The development and research of traditional Chinese version of the acquisitive and protective self-monitoring scale (APSMS-TC). Psychological Testing (Taiwan), 69(3), 167–196. Chang, Y.-T., Chan, Y.-C., & Chen, H.-C. (2022). The development and research of traditional Chinese version of the acquisitive and protective self-monitoring scale (APSMS-TC). Psychological Testing (Taiwan), 69(3), 167–196.
go back to reference Chen, S. J., & Chen, H. C. (2005). Development of the multidimensional sense of humor scale. Research in Applied Psychology, 26, 167–187. Chen, S. J., & Chen, H. C. (2005). Development of the multidimensional sense of humor scale. Research in Applied Psychology, 26, 167–187.
go back to reference Crawford, S. A., & Caltabiano, N. J. (2011). Promoting emotional well-being through the use of humour. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(3), 237–252.CrossRef Crawford, S. A., & Caltabiano, N. J. (2011). Promoting emotional well-being through the use of humour. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 6(3), 237–252.CrossRef
go back to reference Danielson, M. L., Bitsko, R. H., Holbrook, J. R., Charania, S. N., Claussen, A. H., McKeown, R. E., Cuffe, S. P., Owens, J. S., Evans, S. W., Kubicek, L., & Flory, K. (2021). Community-based prevalence of externalizing and internalizing disorders among school-aged children and adolescents in four geographically dispersed school districts in the United States. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 52(3), 500–514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-01027-zCrossRef Danielson, M. L., Bitsko, R. H., Holbrook, J. R., Charania, S. N., Claussen, A. H., McKeown, R. E., Cuffe, S. P., Owens, J. S., Evans, S. W., Kubicek, L., & Flory, K. (2021). Community-based prevalence of externalizing and internalizing disorders among school-aged children and adolescents in four geographically dispersed school districts in the United States. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 52(3), 500–514. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1007/​s10578-020-01027-zCrossRef
go back to reference Dewaele, J.-M., & MacIntyre, P. (2019). The predictive power of multicultural personality traits, learner and teacher variables on foreign language enjoyment and anxiety. In M. Sato & S. Loewen (Eds.), Evidence-based second language pedagogy: A collection of instructed second language acquisition studies. Routledge. Dewaele, J.-M., & MacIntyre, P. (2019). The predictive power of multicultural personality traits, learner and teacher variables on foreign language enjoyment and anxiety. In M. Sato & S. Loewen (Eds.), Evidence-based second language pedagogy: A collection of instructed second language acquisition studies. Routledge.
go back to reference Doll, W. J., Xia, W., & Torkzadeh, G. (1994). A confirmatory factor analysis of the end-user computing satisfaction instrument. MIS Quarterly, 453–461. Doll, W. J., Xia, W., & Torkzadeh, G. (1994). A confirmatory factor analysis of the end-user computing satisfaction instrument. MIS Quarterly, 453–461.
go back to reference Dowling, J. S., & Fain, J. A. (1999). A multidimensional sense of humor scale for school-aged children: Issues of reliability and validity. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 14(1), 38–43.CrossRef Dowling, J. S., & Fain, J. A. (1999). A multidimensional sense of humor scale for school-aged children: Issues of reliability and validity. Journal of Pediatric Nursing, 14(1), 38–43.CrossRef
go back to reference Fortson, S. B., & Brown, W. E. (1998). Best and worst university instructors: The opinions of graduate students. College Student Journal, 32(4), 572–576. Fortson, S. B., & Brown, W. E. (1998). Best and worst university instructors: The opinions of graduate students. College Student Journal, 32(4), 572–576.
go back to reference Fredrickson, B. L. (2003). The value of positive emotions: The emerging science of positive psychology is coming to understand why it’s good to feel good. American Scientist, 91(4), 330–335.CrossRef Fredrickson, B. L. (2003). The value of positive emotions: The emerging science of positive psychology is coming to understand why it’s good to feel good. American Scientist, 91(4), 330–335.CrossRef
go back to reference Gander, F., Proyer, R. T., Ruch, W., & Wyss, T. (2013). Strength-based positive interventions: Further evidence for their potential in enhancing well-being and alleviating depression. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(4), 1241–1259.CrossRef Gander, F., Proyer, R. T., Ruch, W., & Wyss, T. (2013). Strength-based positive interventions: Further evidence for their potential in enhancing well-being and alleviating depression. Journal of Happiness Studies, 14(4), 1241–1259.CrossRef
go back to reference Ghielen, S. T. S., van Woerkom, M., & Christina Meyers, M. (2018). Promoting positive outcomes through strengths interventions: A literature review. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(6), 573–585. Ghielen, S. T. S., van Woerkom, M., & Christina Meyers, M. (2018). Promoting positive outcomes through strengths interventions: A literature review. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 13(6), 573–585.
go back to reference Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. The Guilford Press. Hayes, A. F. (2018). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. The Guilford Press.
go back to reference Hoicka, E. (2014). The pragmatic development of humor. In D. Matthews (Ed.), Pragmatic development in first language acquisition (pp. 219–238). John Benjamins Publishing Company. Hoicka, E. (2014). The pragmatic development of humor. In D. Matthews (Ed.), Pragmatic development in first language acquisition (pp. 219–238). John Benjamins Publishing Company.
go back to reference Hox, J. J., Moerbeek, M., & Van de Schoot, R. (2017). Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications. Routledge. Hox, J. J., Moerbeek, M., & Van de Schoot, R. (2017). Multilevel analysis: Techniques and applications. Routledge.
go back to reference Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55.CrossRef Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1–55.CrossRef
go back to reference Ishihara, N., & Cohen, A. D. (2014). Teaching and learning pragmatics: Where language and culture meet. Routledge.CrossRef Ishihara, N., & Cohen, A. D. (2014). Teaching and learning pragmatics: Where language and culture meet. Routledge.CrossRef
go back to reference Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593–602.CrossRef Kessler, R. C., Berglund, P., Demler, O., Jin, R., Merikangas, K. R., & Walters, E. E. (2005). Lifetime prevalence and age-of-onset distributions of DSM-IV disorders in the national comorbidity survey replication. Archives of General Psychiatry, 62(6), 593–602.CrossRef
go back to reference Krashen, S. D. (1988). Second language acquisition and second language learning. Prentice Hall. Krashen, S. D. (1988). Second language acquisition and second language learning. Prentice Hall.
go back to reference Kreft, I. G., Kreft, I., & de Leeuw, J. (1998). Introducing multilevel modeling. Sage. Kreft, I. G., Kreft, I., & de Leeuw, J. (1998). Introducing multilevel modeling. Sage.
go back to reference Lopez, S. J., & Snyder, C. R. (2009). Oxford handbook of positive psychology. Oxford University Press.CrossRef Lopez, S. J., & Snyder, C. R. (2009). Oxford handbook of positive psychology. Oxford University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference MacIntyre, P., & Gregersen, T. (2012). Emotions that facilitate language learning: The positive-broadening power of the imagination. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2(2), 193–213.CrossRef MacIntyre, P., & Gregersen, T. (2012). Emotions that facilitate language learning: The positive-broadening power of the imagination. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 2(2), 193–213.CrossRef
go back to reference Martin, R. A. (2007). The psychology of humor: An integrative approach. Burlington: Elsevier Academic Press. Martin, R. A. (2007). The psychology of humor: An integrative approach. Burlington: Elsevier Academic Press.
go back to reference Martin, R. A., & Ford, T. (2018). The psychology of humor: An integrative approach. Academic press. Martin, R. A., & Ford, T. (2018). The psychology of humor: An integrative approach. Academic press.
go back to reference Martínez-Martí, M. L., Avia, M. D., & Hernández-Lloreda, M. J. (2010). The effects of counting blessings on subjective well-being: A gratitude intervention in a spanish sample. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13(2), 886–896.CrossRef Martínez-Martí, M. L., Avia, M. D., & Hernández-Lloreda, M. J. (2010). The effects of counting blessings on subjective well-being: A gratitude intervention in a spanish sample. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 13(2), 886–896.CrossRef
go back to reference McGhee, P. E. (1999). Health, healing and the amuse system: Humor as survival training. Kendall/Hunt Pub. McGhee, P. E. (1999). Health, healing and the amuse system: Humor as survival training. Kendall/Hunt Pub.
go back to reference McGhee, P. (2010). Humor as survival training for a stressed-out world: The 7 humor habits program. Author House. McGhee, P. (2010). Humor as survival training for a stressed-out world: The 7 humor habits program. Author House.
go back to reference Milosky, L. M. (1994). Nonliteral language abilities: Seeing the forest for the trees. In G. Wallach & K. Butler (Eds.), Language learning disabilities in school-age children and adolescents: Some principles and applications (pp. 275–303). Merrill. Milosky, L. M. (1994). Nonliteral language abilities: Seeing the forest for the trees. In G. Wallach & K. Butler (Eds.), Language learning disabilities in school-age children and adolescents: Some principles and applications (pp. 275–303). Merrill.
go back to reference Murphy, M., & Fonagy, P. (2013). Chief medical officer annual report 2012: Children and young people’s health. Department of Health. Murphy, M., & Fonagy, P. (2013). Chief medical officer annual report 2012: Children and young people’s health. Department of Health.
go back to reference National Academies of Sciences, E., and Medicine. (2019). Fostering healthy mental, emotional, and behavioral development in children and youth: A national agenda. The National Academies Press. National Academies of Sciences, E., and Medicine. (2019). Fostering healthy mental, emotional, and behavioral development in children and youth: A national agenda. The National Academies Press.
go back to reference Pérez-Aranda, A., Hofmann, J., Feliu-Soler, A., Ramírez-Maestre, C., Andrés-Rodríguez, L., Ruch, W., & Luciano, J. V. (2019). Laughing away the pain: A narrative review of humour, sense of humour and pain. European Journal of Pain, 23(2), 220–233. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.1309CrossRef Pérez-Aranda, A., Hofmann, J., Feliu-Soler, A., Ramírez-Maestre, C., Andrés-Rodríguez, L., Ruch, W., & Luciano, J. V. (2019). Laughing away the pain: A narrative review of humour, sense of humour and pain. European Journal of Pain, 23(2), 220–233. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1002/​ejp.​1309CrossRef
go back to reference Perlini, A. H., Nenonen, R. G., & Lind, D. L. (1999). Effects of humor on test anxiety and performance. Psychological Reports, 84(3), 1203–1213. Perlini, A. H., Nenonen, R. G., & Lind, D. L. (1999). Effects of humor on test anxiety and performance. Psychological Reports, 84(3), 1203–1213.
go back to reference Piniel, K., & Albert, Á. (2018). Advanced learners’ foreign language-related emotions across the four skills. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 8(1), 127–147.CrossRef Piniel, K., & Albert, Á. (2018). Advanced learners’ foreign language-related emotions across the four skills. Studies in Second Language Learning and Teaching, 8(1), 127–147.CrossRef
go back to reference Robert, C. (2016). Humor at work: Often experienced, seldom studied. In C. Robert (Ed.), The psychology of humor at work (pp. 13–21). Routledge. Robert, C. (2016). Humor at work: Often experienced, seldom studied. In C. Robert (Ed.), The psychology of humor at work (pp. 13–21). Routledge.
go back to reference Robison, T. (2017). Funny tests: Elementary students' performance and outlook on a music test employing humor. Missouri Journal of Research in Music Education, (54), 19–28. Robison, T. (2017). Funny tests: Elementary students' performance and outlook on a music test employing humor. Missouri Journal of Research in Music Education, (54), 19–28.
go back to reference Ruch, W. (2010). The sense of humor: Explorations of a personality characteristic (Vol. 3). Walter de Gruyter. Ruch, W. (2010). The sense of humor: Explorations of a personality characteristic (Vol. 3). Walter de Gruyter.
go back to reference Ruch, W., & Hofmann, J. (2017). Fostering humour. In C. Proctor (Ed.), Positive psychology interventions in practice (pp. 65–80). Springer.CrossRef Ruch, W., & Hofmann, J. (2017). Fostering humour. In C. Proctor (Ed.), Positive psychology interventions in practice (pp. 65–80). Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Saito, K., Dewaele, J. M., Abe, M., & In’nami, Y. (2018). Motivation, emotion, learning experience, and second language comprehensibility development in classroom settings: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Language Learning, 68(3), 709–743. https://doi.org/10.1111/lang.12297CrossRef Saito, K., Dewaele, J. M., Abe, M., & In’nami, Y. (2018). Motivation, emotion, learning experience, and second language comprehensibility development in classroom settings: A cross-sectional and longitudinal study. Language Learning, 68(3), 709–743. https://​doi.​org/​10.​1111/​lang.​12297CrossRef
go back to reference Schneider, M., Voracek, M., & Tran, U. S. (2018). “A joke a day keeps the doctor away?” Meta-analytical evidence of differential associations of habitual humor styles with mental health. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 59(3), 289–300.CrossRef Schneider, M., Voracek, M., & Tran, U. S. (2018). “A joke a day keeps the doctor away?” Meta-analytical evidence of differential associations of habitual humor styles with mental health. Scandinavian Journal of Psychology, 59(3), 289–300.CrossRef
go back to reference Seligman, M. E., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction (Vol. 55). American Psychological Association. Seligman, M. E., & Csikszentmihalyi, M. (2000). Positive psychology: An introduction (Vol. 55). American Psychological Association.
go back to reference Teng, M.-H.T., & Chang, S.-H. (2006). A hierarchical model for the comorbidity of gad and depressive disorder. Chinese Journal of Psychology, 48(2), 203–218. Teng, M.-H.T., & Chang, S.-H. (2006). A hierarchical model for the comorbidity of gad and depressive disorder. Chinese Journal of Psychology, 48(2), 203–218.
go back to reference Thorson, J. A., & Powell, F. C. (1993). Development and validation of a multidimensional sense of humor scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49(1), 13–23.CrossRef Thorson, J. A., & Powell, F. C. (1993). Development and validation of a multidimensional sense of humor scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 49(1), 13–23.CrossRef
go back to reference Vizard, T., Sadler, K., Ford, T., Newlove-Delgado, T., McManus, S., Marcheselli, F., Davis, J., Williams, T., Leach, C., Mandalia, D., & Cartwright, C. (2020). Mental health of children and young people in England, 2020: Wave 1 follow up to the 2017 survey Health and Social Care Information Centre. https://www.infocoponline.es/pdf/mhcyp_2020_rep.pdf Vizard, T., Sadler, K., Ford, T., Newlove-Delgado, T., McManus, S., Marcheselli, F., Davis, J., Williams, T., Leach, C., Mandalia, D., & Cartwright, C. (2020). Mental health of children and young people in England, 2020: Wave 1 follow up to the 2017 survey Health and Social Care Information Centre. https://​www.​infocoponline.​es/​pdf/​mhcyp_​2020_​rep.​pdf
Metadata
Title
The Effects of Humor Intervention on Teenagers’ Sense of Humor, Positive Emotions, and Learning Ability: A Positive Psychological Perspective
Authors
Yu-Hsiu Liao
Mei-Fang Lee
Yao-Ting Sung
Hsueh-Chih Chen
Publication date
31-03-2023
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Journal of Happiness Studies / Issue 4/2023
Print ISSN: 1389-4978
Electronic ISSN: 1573-7780
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-023-00654-2

Other articles of this Issue 4/2023

Journal of Happiness Studies 4/2023 Go to the issue