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2018 | OriginalPaper | Chapter

The Long Road to Developing Agromining/Phytomining

Authors : Rufus L. Chaney, Alan J. M. Baker, Jean Louis Morel

Published in: Agromining: Farming for Metals

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

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Abstract

The concept of phytomining is a natural extension of botanical prospecting and the study of metal biochemistry and biogeography of metal hyperaccumulator plants. Some elements may be phyto-extracted to remediate soils, but the recovered biomass would have little economic value (Cd, As, etc.) and disposal of the biomass would be a cost. A few elements may have sufficient economic value in phytomining biomass to support commercial practice (Ni, Co, Au). The development of phytomining requires (1) selection of high-biomass hyperaccumulator plant species; (2) evaluation of genetic diversity and breeding of improved strains with higher yields of the phytoextracted element; (3) development of agronomic practices to maximize economic return; and (4) development of methods to recover the phytomined element from the plant biomass. Plant species and methods for phytomining of soil Ni have been demonstrated for several species and locations (temperate and tropical climates). Production of Ni metal in an electric arc furnace smelter, and of Ni(NH₄)₂SO₄ using a hydrometallurgical method, have been demonstrated. Full commercial phytomining of Ni is beginning in Albania using Alyssum murale, and major trials in Malaysia are underway using Phyllanthus securinegioides. Variable prices of commodity metals add confusion to the development of commercial phytomining.

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Title: The Long Road to Developing Agromining/Phytomining
Authors: Rufus L. Chaney
Alan J. M. Baker
Jean Louis Morel
Publisher: Springer International Publishing
Book: Agromining: Farming for Metals
Print ISBN: 978-3-319-61898-2

Electronic ISBN: 978-3-319-61899-9

Copyright Year: 2018
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-61899-9_1