Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Polymer Bulletin 7/2019

16-10-2018 | Original Paper

Thermal degradation and combustion behavior of flame-retardant epoxy resins with novel phosphorus-based flame retardants and silicon particles

Authors: Lingang Lu, Zejun Zeng, Xiaodong Qian, Gaosong Shao, Huiya Wang

Published in: Polymer Bulletin | Issue 7/2019

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The investigation focuses on the effect of silicon particles (Si) and phosphorus-based flame retardants on the flame retardancy of epoxy resins. The flame-retardant properties have been studied by limiting oxygen index, vertical burning test, cone calorimeter test and micro-combustion calorimeter. The results demonstrate that Si, FR and APP can greatly improve the flame-retardant and thermal properties. It is found that the addition of Si/APP/FR can promote the formation of stable char layers, indicating the condensed-phase effect of the flame retardants.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Feng YZ, Hu J, Xue Y (2017) Simultaneous improvement in the flame resistance and thermal conductivity of epoxy/Al2O3 composites by incorporating polymeric flame retardant-functionalized graphene. J Mater Chem A 26:13544–13556CrossRef Feng YZ, Hu J, Xue Y (2017) Simultaneous improvement in the flame resistance and thermal conductivity of epoxy/Al2O3 composites by incorporating polymeric flame retardant-functionalized graphene. J Mater Chem A 26:13544–13556CrossRef
2.
go back to reference Zhou Y, Bu RW, Gong JH, Fan CG (2018) Experimental investigation on downward flame spread over rigid polyurethane and polystyrene foams. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 92:346–352 Zhou Y, Bu RW, Gong JH, Fan CG (2018) Experimental investigation on downward flame spread over rigid polyurethane and polystyrene foams. Exp Therm Fluid Sci 92:346–352 
3.
go back to reference Bao CL, Guo YQ, Song L (2011) In situ preparation of functionalized graphene oxide/epoxy nanocomposites with effective reinforcements. J Mater Chem 35:13290–13298CrossRef Bao CL, Guo YQ, Song L (2011) In situ preparation of functionalized graphene oxide/epoxy nanocomposites with effective reinforcements. J Mater Chem 35:13290–13298CrossRef
4.
go back to reference Perret B, Schartel B, Stoess K (2011) Novel DOPO-based flame retardants in high-performance carbon fibre epoxy composites for aviation. Eur Polym J 5:1081–1089CrossRef Perret B, Schartel B, Stoess K (2011) Novel DOPO-based flame retardants in high-performance carbon fibre epoxy composites for aviation. Eur Polym J 5:1081–1089CrossRef
5.
go back to reference Lu SY, Hamerton I (2002) Recent developments in the chemistry of halogen-free flame retardant polymers Prog. Polym Sci 8:1661–1712 Lu SY, Hamerton I (2002) Recent developments in the chemistry of halogen-free flame retardant polymers Prog. Polym Sci 8:1661–1712
6.
go back to reference Levchik SV, Weil ED (2006) A review of recent progress in phosphorus-based flame retardants. J Fire Sci 5:345–364CrossRef Levchik SV, Weil ED (2006) A review of recent progress in phosphorus-based flame retardants. J Fire Sci 5:345–364CrossRef
7.
go back to reference Hu XM, Wang DM (2013) Enhanced fire behavior of rigid polyurethane foam by intumescent flame retardants. J Appl Polym Sci 129:238–246CrossRef Hu XM, Wang DM (2013) Enhanced fire behavior of rigid polyurethane foam by intumescent flame retardants. J Appl Polym Sci 129:238–246CrossRef
8.
go back to reference Hergenrother PM, Thompson CM, Smith JG (2005) Flame retardant aircraft epoxy resins containing phosphorus. Polymer 14:5012–5024CrossRef Hergenrother PM, Thompson CM, Smith JG (2005) Flame retardant aircraft epoxy resins containing phosphorus. Polymer 14:5012–5024CrossRef
9.
go back to reference Zhou Y, Bu R, Gong J, Zhang X, Fan C, Wang X (2018) Assessment of a clean and efficient fire-extinguishing technique: continuous and cycling discharge water mist system. J Clean Prod 182:682–693CrossRef Zhou Y, Bu R, Gong J, Zhang X, Fan C, Wang X (2018) Assessment of a clean and efficient fire-extinguishing technique: continuous and cycling discharge water mist system. J Clean Prod 182:682–693CrossRef
10.
go back to reference Lai CY, Trewyn BG, Jeftinija DM (2003) A mesoporous silica nanosphere-based carrier system with chemically removable CdS nanoparticle caps for stimuli-responsive controlled release of neurotransmitters and drug molecules. J Am Chem Soc 15:4451–4459CrossRef Lai CY, Trewyn BG, Jeftinija DM (2003) A mesoporous silica nanosphere-based carrier system with chemically removable CdS nanoparticle caps for stimuli-responsive controlled release of neurotransmitters and drug molecules. J Am Chem Soc 15:4451–4459CrossRef
11.
go back to reference Li ZX, Barnes JC, Bosoy A (2012) Mesoporous silica nanoparticles in biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 7:2590–2605CrossRef Li ZX, Barnes JC, Bosoy A (2012) Mesoporous silica nanoparticles in biomedical applications. Chem Soc Rev 7:2590–2605CrossRef
12.
go back to reference Zou H, Wu SS (2008) Polymer/silica nanocomposites: preparation, characterization, properties, and applications. J Chem Rev 9:3893–3957CrossRef Zou H, Wu SS (2008) Polymer/silica nanocomposites: preparation, characterization, properties, and applications. J Chem Rev 9:3893–3957CrossRef
13.
go back to reference Qian XD, Song L, Wang BB, Hu Y, Richard KKY (2013) Synthesis of organophosphorus modified nanoparticles and their reinforcements on the fire safety and mechanical properties of polyurea. Mater Chem Phys 139:443–449CrossRef Qian XD, Song L, Wang BB, Hu Y, Richard KKY (2013) Synthesis of organophosphorus modified nanoparticles and their reinforcements on the fire safety and mechanical properties of polyurea. Mater Chem Phys 139:443–449CrossRef
14.
go back to reference Cheng WM, Hu XM, Xie J, Zhao YY (2017) An intelligent gel designed to control the spontaneous combustion of coal: fire prevention and extinguishing properties. Fuel 210:826–835CrossRef Cheng WM, Hu XM, Xie J, Zhao YY (2017) An intelligent gel designed to control the spontaneous combustion of coal: fire prevention and extinguishing properties. Fuel 210:826–835CrossRef
15.
go back to reference Tang Y, Lewin M, Pearce EM (2006) Effects of annealing on the migration behavior of PA6/clay nanocomposites. Macromol Rapid Commun 18:1545–1549CrossRef Tang Y, Lewin M, Pearce EM (2006) Effects of annealing on the migration behavior of PA6/clay nanocomposites. Macromol Rapid Commun 18:1545–1549CrossRef
16.
go back to reference Hamdani S, Longuet C, Perrin D (2009) Flame retardancy of silicone-based materials. Polym Degrad Stab 4:465–495CrossRef Hamdani S, Longuet C, Perrin D (2009) Flame retardancy of silicone-based materials. Polym Degrad Stab 4:465–495CrossRef
17.
go back to reference Lu LG, Qian XD, Zeng ZJ (2017) Novel phosphorus-based flame retardants containing 4-tert-butylcalix[4] arene: preparation and application for the fire safety of epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 31:45105CrossRef Lu LG, Qian XD, Zeng ZJ (2017) Novel phosphorus-based flame retardants containing 4-tert-butylcalix[4] arene: preparation and application for the fire safety of epoxy resins. J Appl Polym Sci 31:45105CrossRef
18.
go back to reference Li B, He JM (2004) Investigation of mechanical property, flame retardancy and thermal degradation of LLDPE-wood-fibre composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2:241–246CrossRef Li B, He JM (2004) Investigation of mechanical property, flame retardancy and thermal degradation of LLDPE-wood-fibre composites. Polym Degrad Stab 2:241–246CrossRef
19.
go back to reference Braun U, Schartel B, Fichera MA (2007) Flame retardancy mechanisms of aluminium phosphinateincombinationwithmelaminepolyphosphateandzincboratein glass-fibre reinforced polyamide 6,6. Polym Degrad Stab 8:1528–1545CrossRef Braun U, Schartel B, Fichera MA (2007) Flame retardancy mechanisms of aluminium phosphinateincombinationwithmelaminepolyphosphateandzincboratein glass-fibre reinforced polyamide 6,6. Polym Degrad Stab 8:1528–1545CrossRef
20.
go back to reference Hsiue GH, Liu YL, Tsiao J (2000) Phosphorus-containing epoxy resins for flame retardancy V: synergistic effect of phosphorus–silicon on flame retardancy. J Appl Polym Sci 1:1–7CrossRef Hsiue GH, Liu YL, Tsiao J (2000) Phosphorus-containing epoxy resins for flame retardancy V: synergistic effect of phosphorus–silicon on flame retardancy. J Appl Polym Sci 1:1–7CrossRef
21.
go back to reference Kashiwagi T, Harris RH, Zhang X (2004) Flame retardant mechanism of polyamide 6-clay nanocomposites. Polymer 3:881–891CrossRef Kashiwagi T, Harris RH, Zhang X (2004) Flame retardant mechanism of polyamide 6-clay nanocomposites. Polymer 3:881–891CrossRef
22.
go back to reference Li B, Xu MJ (2006) Effect of a novel charring-foaming agent on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 6:1380–1386CrossRef Li B, Xu MJ (2006) Effect of a novel charring-foaming agent on flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant polypropylene. Polym Degrad Stab 6:1380–1386CrossRef
23.
go back to reference Gu JW, Zhang GC, Dong SL (2007) Study on preparation and fire-retardant mechanism analysis of intumescent flame-retardant coatings. Surf Coat Technol 18:7835–7841CrossRef Gu JW, Zhang GC, Dong SL (2007) Study on preparation and fire-retardant mechanism analysis of intumescent flame-retardant coatings. Surf Coat Technol 18:7835–7841CrossRef
24.
go back to reference Wu K, Hu Y, Song L, Lu H, Wang Z (2007) Flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant starch-based biodegradable composites. Ind Eng Chem Res 48:3150–3157CrossRef Wu K, Hu Y, Song L, Lu H, Wang Z (2007) Flame retardancy and thermal degradation of intumescent flame retardant starch-based biodegradable composites. Ind Eng Chem Res 48:3150–3157CrossRef
25.
go back to reference Qian XD, Song L, Jiang SH, Tang G, Xing WY, Wang BB, Hu Y, Yuen RKK (2013) Novel flame retardants containing 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide and unsaturated bonds: synthesis, characterization, and application in the flame retardancy of epoxy acrylates. Ind Eng Chem Res 52:7307–7315CrossRef Qian XD, Song L, Jiang SH, Tang G, Xing WY, Wang BB, Hu Y, Yuen RKK (2013) Novel flame retardants containing 9,10-dihydro-9-oxa-10-phosphaphenanthrene-10-oxide and unsaturated bonds: synthesis, characterization, and application in the flame retardancy of epoxy acrylates. Ind Eng Chem Res 52:7307–7315CrossRef
26.
go back to reference Fan C, Zhang L, Jiao S, Yang Z, Li M, Liu X (2018) Smoke spread characteristics inside a tunnel with natural ventilation under a strong environmental wind. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 82:99–110CrossRef Fan C, Zhang L, Jiao S, Yang Z, Li M, Liu X (2018) Smoke spread characteristics inside a tunnel with natural ventilation under a strong environmental wind. Tunn Undergr Space Technol 82:99–110CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Thermal degradation and combustion behavior of flame-retardant epoxy resins with novel phosphorus-based flame retardants and silicon particles
Authors
Lingang Lu
Zejun Zeng
Xiaodong Qian
Gaosong Shao
Huiya Wang
Publication date
16-10-2018
Publisher
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in
Polymer Bulletin / Issue 7/2019
Print ISSN: 0170-0839
Electronic ISSN: 1436-2449
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00289-018-2567-8

Other articles of this Issue 7/2019

Polymer Bulletin 7/2019 Go to the issue

Premium Partners