Three-dimensional architecture using hollow Cu/C nanofiber interpenetrated with MXenes for high-rate lithium-ion batteries

Improving the electron/ion transport ability and alleviating expansion during charging/discharging processes are vital for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs). In this work, a three-dimensional anode was fabricated using conductive hollow carbon-based nanotubes interpenetrated MXene architecture by directing the assembly of flexible electrospun hollow copper/carbon nanotubes and rigid Ti₃C₂T_x MXene nanosheets. The introduction of copper into carbon matrix leads to an improvement of lithium storage owing to the increase of disorder graphite. Additionally, the unique structure of the fabricated electrode provides a cross-network for fast electron diffusion by preventing the stack of nanotubes and MXene nanosheets. Consequently, the optimized electrode exhibits a high initial capacity of 424.45 mAh·g⁻¹ and maintains at 378.05 mAh·g⁻¹ with a current density of 5 A·g⁻¹ after 1000 cycles. This strategy of structural and chemical optimization provides new ideas for developing high-performance and durable electrochemical energy storage devices in the future.