Introduction
Species | Conservation status | Type location | Sarawak | Brunei | Sabah (mainland) | Sabah (Banggi island) | Kalimantan | Sumatra | Java | Peninsular Malaysia | Singapore | Thailand | Vietnam | Myanmar | Cambodia | Laos |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Fam. UNIONIDAE | ||||||||||||||||
Subfam. Gonideinae | ||||||||||||||||
Tribe Contradentini | ||||||||||||||||
Contradens contradens | LC | Java | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | X | |||||
Contradens fulvastera | NL | Kapuas River | X | |||||||||||||
Contradens semmelinki | NL | Tanah Laut, South Kalimantan | X | X | ||||||||||||
Tribe Rectidentini | ||||||||||||||||
Ctenodesma borneensisa | NL | Danau Siriang, Kalimantan | X | X | X | |||||||||||
Ctenodesma scheibeneria | NL | Sungai Batoe, Kampung Moeara Koeajan, Unterabt. Sampit, U. Distr. Boven-Sampit” = Central Kalimantan | X | |||||||||||||
Hyriopsis velthuizenia | NL | Mandai River near Nanga Kalis | X | X | ||||||||||||
Rectidens sumatrensis | DD | Danau Luar, Sumatra | X | X | X | X | X | X | ||||||||
Tribe Pseudodontini | ||||||||||||||||
Pseudodon aeneolusa | NL | Sebroang and Kapuas Rivers | X | |||||||||||||
Pseudodon crassusa | NL | Sarawak River | X | |||||||||||||
Pseudodon walpoleia | NL | Sarawak | X | |||||||||||||
Unionidae (incertae sedis) | ||||||||||||||||
Caudiculatus caudiculatusa | NL | Danau Siriang, Kalimantan (Pulau Matjan) | X | |||||||||||||
Discomya radulosa | NL | Sebroang River | X | X | ||||||||||||
Elongaria trompia | NL | Kapuas River, Borneo | X | |||||||||||||
Pressidens exanthematicusa | NL | East Indies | X | |||||||||||||
Pressidens insularis | NL | Banggi island | X | |||||||||||||
Schepmania niewenhuisia | NL | Bloe-oe, Ost-Borneo (tributary of Upper Mahakam River) | X | X | ||||||||||||
Schepmania parcesculptaa | NL | Guleh-Fluss, Ost-Borneo (this river lies near Sangkulirang, East Kalimantan) | X | X |
Methods
Study area
Field surveys
Measurement of environmental parameters
Species identification, and morphological and phylogenetic analysis
Species | Code | COI | 28S | Voucher | River/Lake | Basin | Country |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
INGROUP | |||||||
Contradens contradens | ConCon1 | MF352289 | MF352406 | RMBH biv211_2 | Perak River | Perak | Malaysia |
Contradens contradens | ConCon2 | DQ191411 | AF400692 | ANSP 389059 | Pahang River | Pahang | Malaysia |
Contradens comptus | ConCom_1 | MH345973 | MH345993 | UF 507396 (ICH_471) | Tonle Kong River | Mekong | Cambodia |
Contradens comptus | ConCom_2 | KX865928 | KX865799 | RMBH biv119_5 | Loei River | Mekong | Thailand |
Contradens eximius | ConExi_1 | KX865941 | KX865812 | RMBH biv121_3 | Phong River | Mekong | Thailand |
Contradens eximius | ConExi_2 | KX865936 | KX865807 | RMBH biv127_1 | Chi River | Mekong | Thailand |
Contradens misellus | ConMis_1 | MH345986 | MH346006 | UF 507653 (2014_685) | Ping River | Chao Phraya | Thailand |
Contradens misellus | ConMis_2 | MH345987 | MH346007 | UF 507653 (2014_687) | Ping River | Chao Phraya | Thailand |
Contradens pallegoixi | ConPal_1 | MH345988 | MH346008 | UF 507620 (2014_613) | Pao river | Mekong | Thailand |
Contradens pallegoixi | ConPal_2 | MH345989 | MH346009 | UF 507620 (2014_614) | Pao river | Mekong | Thailand |
Contradens sp. (Laos) | ConSpL_1 | KY561630 | KY561662 | RMBH biv202_2 | Nam Fa River trib | Mekong | Laos |
Contradens sp. (Laos) | ConSpL_2 | KY561632 | KY561664 | RMBH biv203_4 | Nam Fa River trib | Mekong | Laos |
Ctenodesma borneensis | CteBor1 | MN900788 | MN902292 | UNIMAS_X438 | Limbang River trib | Limbang | Malaysia |
Ctenodesma borneensis | CteBor2 | MN900789 | MN902293 | UNIMAS_X439 | Limbang River trib | Limbang | Malaysia |
Ctenodesma borneensis | CteBor3 | MN900790 | MN902294 | UNIMAS_X440 | Limbang River trib | Limbang | Malaysia |
Ensidens cf. ingallsianus | EnsIng | KX822641 | KX822598 | NCSM 84889 | Bang Fai River | Mekong | Laos |
Ensidens sagittarius | EnsSag1 | KP795033 | KP795015 | UMMZ 304651 | Mekong | Cambodia | |
Ensidens aff.sagittarius sp.2 | EnsSag2_1 | KX865942 | KX865813 | RMBH 117_1 | Pond near Ban Nong-Bua | Mekong | Thailand |
Ensidens aff.sagittarius sp.2 | EnsSag2_2 | KX865944 | KX865815 | RMBH 117_3 | Pond near Ban Nong-Bua | Mekong | Thailand |
Ensidens aff.sagittarius sp.3 | EnsSag3_1 | KX865948 | KX865819 | RMBH 123_1 | Chi River | Mekong | Thailand |
Ensidens aff.sagittarius sp.3 | EnsSag3_2 | KX865947 | KX865818 | RMBH 128_3 | Chi River | Mekong | Thailand |
Ensidens sp. | EnsSp | KX822642 | KX822599 | NCSM 84902 | Mekong | Laos | |
Hyriopsis bialata | HyrBia | KX051273 | MN902295 | Pahang River | Pahang | Malaysia | |
Hyriopsis desowitzi | HyrDes | KX822644 | KX822601 | Pasak River | Chao Phraya | Thailand | |
Hyriopsis gracilis | HyrGra_1 | KX865951 | KX865822 | RMBH 130_1 | Chi River | Mekong | Thailand |
Hyriopsis gracilis | HyrGra_2 | KX865953 | KX865824 | RMBH 130_3 | Chi River | Mekong | Thailand |
Hyriopsis myersiana | HyrMye | KX822645 | KX822602 | Mae Klong | Mae Klong | Thailand | |
Hyriopsis sp. | HyrSp | KX383948 | MN902296 | 839512HbB | Chao Phraya | Thailand | |
Physunio modelli | PhyMod_1 | KX865888 | KX865759 | RMBH biv131 | Chi River | Mekong | Thailand |
Physunio modelli | PhyMod_2 | KX865883 | KX865754 | RMBH biv125_2 | Chi River | Mekong | Thailand |
Physunio superbus | PhySup | MN900794 | MN902297 | PhySup_F | Pahang | Pahang | Malaysia |
Rectidens sumatrensis | RecSum_1 | KX822664 | KX822620 | Perak | Perak | Malaysia | |
Rectidens sumatrensis | RecSum_2 | MG591508 | MN902298 | UNIMAS_X314 | Sungai Tatan | Baram | Malaysia |
Rectidens sumatrensis | RecSum_3 | MG591503 | MN902299 | UNIMAS_X369 | Sungai Linau | Suai | Malaysia |
Rectidens sumatrensis | RecSum_4 | MG591500 | MN902300 | UNIMAS_X396 | Sungai Lalut Pelasan | Batang Kemena | Malaysia |
Rectidens sumatrensis | RecSum_5 | MG591499 | MN902301 | UNIMAS_BIV3027 | Sungai Sekerubong | Rajang | Malaysia |
Trapezoideus foliaceus | TraFol_1 | MH345979 | MH345999 | UF 507697 (2012_443) | Pracham Mai River | Mae Klong | Thailand |
Trapezoideus foliaceus | TraFol_2 | MH345983 | MH346003 | UF 507865 (ICH_2059) | Pracham Mai River trib | Mae Klong | Thailand |
Yaukthwa cf. dalliana | YauDal_2 | KX865889 | KX865760 | 111_2 | Nanyinhka Chaung River | Ayeyarwady | Myanmar |
Yaukthwa cf. dalliana | YauDal_1 | KX865898 | KX865767 | 103_19 | Mansakun River | Ayeyarwady | Myanmar |
Yaukthwa inlenensis | YauInle_1 | KX865915 | KX865786 | 114_1 | Inle Lake Channel | Salween | Myanmar |
Yaukthwa inlenensis | YauInle_2 | KX865924 | KX865795 | biv_139_18 | Mway Stream | Salween | Myanmar |
Yaukthwa nesemanni | YauNes_1 | KX865906 | KX865777 | biv_144_14 | Thauk Ye Kupt River | Sittaung | Myanmar |
Yaukthwa nesemanni | YauNes_2 | MF352256 | MF352381 | biv_255_4 | Thauk Ye Kupt River | Sittaung | Myanmar |
Yaukthwa paiensis | YauPai_1 | MH345970 | MH345991 | UF 505164 (ICH_638) | Khong River | Salween | Thailand |
Yaukthwa paiensis | YauPai_2 | MH345971 | MH345992 | UF 507709 (ICH_639) | Khong River | Salween | Thailand |
Yaukthwa panhai | YauPan_1 | KX865910 | KX865781 | biv_138_7 | Kyan Hone River | Salween | Myanmar |
Yaukthwa panhai | YauPan_2 | KX865914 | KX865785 | biv_155_11 | Kyan Hone River | Salween | Myanmar |
OUTGROUP | |||||||
Chamberlainia hainesiana | Chamberlainia | KX822635 | KX822592 | ||||
Lamprotula leaii | Lamprotula | KX822647 | KX822604 | ||||
Gonidea angulata | Gonidea | KP795030 | KP795012 | Tissue only | Williamson River | Klamath River | USA |
Pseudodon avae | PseAva | KX865858 | KX865730 | RMBH biv110_5 | Lake Indawgyi trib | Sittaung | Myanmar |
Pilsbryoconcha exilis | PilExi | KP795024 | KP795007 | UMMZ 304647 | Tonle Sap | Mekong | Cambodia |