Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Journal of Polymer Research 6/2020

01-06-2020 | ORIGINAL PAPER

Tribological properties of hierarchical structure artificial joints with poly acrylic acid (AA) - poly acrylamide (AAm) hydrogel and Ti6Al4V substrate

Authors: Yaling Deng, Jianjun Sun, Xingya Ni, Bo Yu

Published in: Journal of Polymer Research | Issue 6/2020

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Natural joints have the hierarchical structure of bone and cartilage, providing excellent lubrication and load-carrying capacity. In our research, the hierarchical structure artificial joints of Poly Acrylic Acid (PAA)- Poly Acrylamide (PAAm) hydrogel coating and Ti6Al4V substrate were formed using a simple yet versatile method by mimicking the hierarchical structure of natural joints. The efficient lubrication at friction interfaces was achieved. The composition and microstructure were confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The hydrogel coatings were successfully prepared on the surface of Ti6Al4V substrate through the adsorption of the charged group. This hierarchical structure material exhibits the lower dynamic friction, approximately 0.085, which is much lower than bare Ti6Al4V, about 0.429. The wear on the surfaces after the tribological experiment is super-shallow and has no significant fracture area around the scratch. The PAA-PAAm hydrogel has a more uniform and compact cross-linked network porous structure, and the porous size is much smaller than PAA hydrogel. The cross-linked network porous structure is the main factor accounting for the low dynamic friction. This hierarchical structure of soft and hard improve the load-carrying ability and has the potential uses in artificial joints.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference Jin ZM, Fisher J (2014) Tribology of Hip Joint Replacement. European Surgical Orthopaedics and Traumatology:2365 Jin ZM, Fisher J (2014) Tribology of Hip Joint Replacement. European Surgical Orthopaedics and Traumatology:2365
2.
go back to reference Pezzotti G, Yamamoto K (2014) Artificial hip joints: the biomaterials challenge. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 31:3–20PubMed Pezzotti G, Yamamoto K (2014) Artificial hip joints: the biomaterials challenge. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 31:3–20PubMed
3.
go back to reference Registry CJR (2014) Annual Report. Canadian institute for health information, Canada Registry CJR (2014) Annual Report. Canadian institute for health information, Canada
4.
go back to reference American Joint Replacement Registry (2016) Annual Report. Rosemont, IL, USA American Joint Replacement Registry (2016) Annual Report. Rosemont, IL, USA
5.
6.
go back to reference Zhao ZY, Wang GF, Hou HL, Zhang YL, Wang YQ (2018) The effect of pulsed current on the shear deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Sci Rep 8:14748PubMedPubMedCentral Zhao ZY, Wang GF, Hou HL, Zhang YL, Wang YQ (2018) The effect of pulsed current on the shear deformation behavior of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. Sci Rep 8:14748PubMedPubMedCentral
7.
go back to reference Geetha M, Singh AK, Asokamani R, Gogia AK (2009) Ti based biomaterials, the ultimate choice for orthopaedic implants-a review. Prog Mater Sci 54:397–425 Geetha M, Singh AK, Asokamani R, Gogia AK (2009) Ti based biomaterials, the ultimate choice for orthopaedic implants-a review. Prog Mater Sci 54:397–425
8.
go back to reference Abu-Amer Y, Darwech I, Clohisy JC (2007) Aseptic loosening of total joint replacements: mechanisms underlying osteolysis and potential therapies. Arthritis Res Ther 9:S6PubMedPubMedCentral Abu-Amer Y, Darwech I, Clohisy JC (2007) Aseptic loosening of total joint replacements: mechanisms underlying osteolysis and potential therapies. Arthritis Res Ther 9:S6PubMedPubMedCentral
9.
go back to reference Xiong DS, Yang YY, Deng YL (2013) Bio-tribological properties of UHMWPE against surface modified titanium alloy. Surf Coat Technol 228:S442–S445 Xiong DS, Yang YY, Deng YL (2013) Bio-tribological properties of UHMWPE against surface modified titanium alloy. Surf Coat Technol 228:S442–S445
10.
go back to reference Costa MYP, Cioffi MOH, Voorwald HJC, Guimaräes VA (2010) An investigation on sliding wear behavior of PVD coatings. Tribol Int 43:2196–2202 Costa MYP, Cioffi MOH, Voorwald HJC, Guimaräes VA (2010) An investigation on sliding wear behavior of PVD coatings. Tribol Int 43:2196–2202
11.
go back to reference Rahaman M, Reid I, Duggan P, Dowling DP, Hughes G, Hashmi MSJ (2007) Structural and tribological properties of the plasma nitrided Ti-alloy biomaterials: influence of the treatment temperature. Surf Coat Technol 201:4865–4872 Rahaman M, Reid I, Duggan P, Dowling DP, Hughes G, Hashmi MSJ (2007) Structural and tribological properties of the plasma nitrided Ti-alloy biomaterials: influence of the treatment temperature. Surf Coat Technol 201:4865–4872
12.
go back to reference Ao N, Liu DX, Wang SX, Zhao Q, Zhang XH, Zhang MM (2016) Microstructure and Tribological behavior of a TiO2/hBN composite ceramic coating formed via micro-arc oxidation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. J Mater Sci Technol 32:1071–1076 Ao N, Liu DX, Wang SX, Zhao Q, Zhang XH, Zhang MM (2016) Microstructure and Tribological behavior of a TiO2/hBN composite ceramic coating formed via micro-arc oxidation of Ti-6Al-4V alloy. J Mater Sci Technol 32:1071–1076
13.
go back to reference Wang S, Liao ZH, Liu YH, Liu WQ (2014) Influence of thermal oxidation temperature on the microstructural and tribological behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy. Surf Coat Technol 240:470–477 Wang S, Liao ZH, Liu YH, Liu WQ (2014) Influence of thermal oxidation temperature on the microstructural and tribological behavior of Ti6Al4V alloy. Surf Coat Technol 240:470–477
14.
go back to reference Dowson D (1992) Bio-tribology of natural and replacement synovial joints. In Biomechanics of Diarthrodial joints. V. C. Mow, A. Ratcliffe, S.-Y. Woo, Springer: New York, 2:305 Dowson D (1992) Bio-tribology of natural and replacement synovial joints. In Biomechanics of Diarthrodial joints. V. C. Mow, A. Ratcliffe, S.-Y. Woo, Springer: New York, 2:305
15.
go back to reference Hills BA (2002) Surface-active phospholipid: a Pandora’s box of clinical applications. Part II Barrier and lubricating properties Intern Med J 32:242–251PubMed Hills BA (2002) Surface-active phospholipid: a Pandora’s box of clinical applications. Part II Barrier and lubricating properties Intern Med J 32:242–251PubMed
16.
go back to reference Klein J (2006) Molecular mechanisms of synovial joint lubrication. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J 220:691–710 Klein J (2006) Molecular mechanisms of synovial joint lubrication. Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. Part J 220:691–710
17.
go back to reference Krishnan R, Kopacz M, Ateshian GA (2004) Experimental verification of the role of interstitial fluid pressurization in cartilage lubrication. J Orthop Res 22:565–570PubMedPubMedCentral Krishnan R, Kopacz M, Ateshian GA (2004) Experimental verification of the role of interstitial fluid pressurization in cartilage lubrication. J Orthop Res 22:565–570PubMedPubMedCentral
18.
go back to reference Chang DP, Abu-Lail NI, Coles JM, Guilak F, Jay GD, Zauscher S (2009) Friction force microscopy of lubricin and hyaluronic acid between hydrophobic and hydrophilic. Soft Matter 5:3438–3445PubMedPubMedCentral Chang DP, Abu-Lail NI, Coles JM, Guilak F, Jay GD, Zauscher S (2009) Friction force microscopy of lubricin and hyaluronic acid between hydrophobic and hydrophilic. Soft Matter 5:3438–3445PubMedPubMedCentral
19.
go back to reference Klein J (2013) Hydration lubrication. Friction 1:1–23 Klein J (2013) Hydration lubrication. Friction 1:1–23
20.
go back to reference Xiong DS, Deng YL, Wang N, Yang YY (2014) Influence of surface PMPC brushes on tribological and biocompatibility properties of UHMWPE. Appl Surf Sci 298:56–61 Xiong DS, Deng YL, Wang N, Yang YY (2014) Influence of surface PMPC brushes on tribological and biocompatibility properties of UHMWPE. Appl Surf Sci 298:56–61
21.
go back to reference Deng YL, Xiong DS (2015) Fabrication and properties of UHMWPE grafted with acrylamide polymer brushes. J Polym Res 22:195 Deng YL, Xiong DS (2015) Fabrication and properties of UHMWPE grafted with acrylamide polymer brushes. J Polym Res 22:195
22.
go back to reference Deng YL, Sun JJ, Ni XY, Xiong DS (2020) Multilayers poly (ethyleneimine)/poly(acrylic acid) coatings on Ti6Al4V acting as lubricated polymer bearing Interface. J Biomed Mater Res Part B. 108:2141 Deng YL, Sun JJ, Ni XY, Xiong DS (2020) Multilayers poly (ethyleneimine)/poly(acrylic acid) coatings on Ti6Al4V acting as lubricated polymer bearing Interface. J Biomed Mater Res Part B. 108:2141
23.
go back to reference Roche ET, Horvath MA, Wamala I et al (2017) Soft robotic sleeve supports heart function. Sci Transl Med 9:3925 Roche ET, Horvath MA, Wamala I et al (2017) Soft robotic sleeve supports heart function. Sci Transl Med 9:3925
24.
go back to reference Yuk H, Zhang T, Parada GA, Liu X, Zhao X (2016) Skin-inspired hydrogel-elastomer hybrids with robust interfaces and functional microstructures. Nat Commun 7:12028PubMedPubMedCentral Yuk H, Zhang T, Parada GA, Liu X, Zhao X (2016) Skin-inspired hydrogel-elastomer hybrids with robust interfaces and functional microstructures. Nat Commun 7:12028PubMedPubMedCentral
25.
go back to reference Pidhatika B, Zhao N, Rhüe J (2019) Development of surface-attached thin film of non-fouling hydrogel from poly(2-oxazoline). J Polym Res 26:21 Pidhatika B, Zhao N, Rhüe J (2019) Development of surface-attached thin film of non-fouling hydrogel from poly(2-oxazoline). J Polym Res 26:21
26.
go back to reference Ghoreishi SG, Abbasi F, Jalili K (2016) Hydrophilicity improvement of silicone rubber by interpenetrating polymer network formation in the proximal layer of polymer surface. J Polym Res 23:115 Ghoreishi SG, Abbasi F, Jalili K (2016) Hydrophilicity improvement of silicone rubber by interpenetrating polymer network formation in the proximal layer of polymer surface. J Polym Res 23:115
27.
go back to reference Bercea M, Morariu S, Teodorescu M (2016) Rheological investigation of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) mixtures in aqueous solution and hydrogel state. J Polym Res 23:42 Bercea M, Morariu S, Teodorescu M (2016) Rheological investigation of poly(vinyl alcohol)/poly(N-vinyl pyrrolidone) mixtures in aqueous solution and hydrogel state. J Polym Res 23:42
28.
go back to reference Gong ZY, Niu FF, Zhang GP, Li JH, Li G, Huang WP, Deng H, Sun R, Wong CP (2017) Effects of composition on the properties of dual physically cross-linked hydrogel composed of polyvinyl alcohol and poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid). J Polym Res 24:127 Gong ZY, Niu FF, Zhang GP, Li JH, Li G, Huang WP, Deng H, Sun R, Wong CP (2017) Effects of composition on the properties of dual physically cross-linked hydrogel composed of polyvinyl alcohol and poly (acrylamide-co-acrylic acid). J Polym Res 24:127
29.
go back to reference Hoffman AS (2012) Hydrogels for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 64:18–23 Hoffman AS (2012) Hydrogels for biomedical applications. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 64:18–23
30.
go back to reference Caló E, Khutoryanskiy VV (2015) Biomedical applications of hydrogels: a review of patents and commercial products. Eur Polym J 65:252–267 Caló E, Khutoryanskiy VV (2015) Biomedical applications of hydrogels: a review of patents and commercial products. Eur Polym J 65:252–267
31.
go back to reference Ma SH, Yu B, Pei XW, Zhou F (2016) Structural hydrogels. Polymer 98:516–535 Ma SH, Yu B, Pei XW, Zhou F (2016) Structural hydrogels. Polymer 98:516–535
32.
go back to reference Kaneko D, Tada T, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, Osada Y (2005) Mechanically strong hydrogels with ultra-low frictional coefficients. Adv Mater 17:535–538 Kaneko D, Tada T, Kurokawa T, Gong JP, Osada Y (2005) Mechanically strong hydrogels with ultra-low frictional coefficients. Adv Mater 17:535–538
33.
go back to reference Lee KJ, Yun SI (2018) Nanocomposite hydrogels based on agarose and diphenylalanine. Polymer 139:86–97 Lee KJ, Yun SI (2018) Nanocomposite hydrogels based on agarose and diphenylalanine. Polymer 139:86–97
34.
go back to reference Li P, Poon YF, Li W, Zhu HY, Yeap SH, Cao Y, Qi X, Zhou C, Lamrani M, Beuerman RW, Kang ET, Mu Y, Li CM, Chang MW, Jan Leong SS, Chan-Park MB (2011) A polycationic antimicrobial and biocompatible hydrogel with microbe membrane suctioning ability. Nat Mater 10:149–156PubMed Li P, Poon YF, Li W, Zhu HY, Yeap SH, Cao Y, Qi X, Zhou C, Lamrani M, Beuerman RW, Kang ET, Mu Y, Li CM, Chang MW, Jan Leong SS, Chan-Park MB (2011) A polycationic antimicrobial and biocompatible hydrogel with microbe membrane suctioning ability. Nat Mater 10:149–156PubMed
35.
go back to reference Branco MC, Pochan DJ, Wagner NJ, Schneider JP (2010) The effect of protein structure on their controlled release from an injectable peptide hydrogel. Biomaterials 31:9527–9534PubMedPubMedCentral Branco MC, Pochan DJ, Wagner NJ, Schneider JP (2010) The effect of protein structure on their controlled release from an injectable peptide hydrogel. Biomaterials 31:9527–9534PubMedPubMedCentral
36.
go back to reference Gong JP (2010) Why are double network hydrogels so tough. Soft Matter 6:2583–2590 Gong JP (2010) Why are double network hydrogels so tough. Soft Matter 6:2583–2590
37.
go back to reference Takahashi R, Shimano K, Okazaki H, Kurokawa T, Nakajima T, Nonoyama T, King DR, Gong JP (2018) Tough particle-based double network hydrogels for functional solid surface coatings. Adv Mater Interfaces 5:1801018 Takahashi R, Shimano K, Okazaki H, Kurokawa T, Nakajima T, Nonoyama T, King DR, Gong JP (2018) Tough particle-based double network hydrogels for functional solid surface coatings. Adv Mater Interfaces 5:1801018
38.
go back to reference Mow VC, Ratcliffe A, Poole AR (1992) Cartilage and diarthrodial joints as paradigms for hierarchical materials and structures. Biomaterials 13:67–97PubMed Mow VC, Ratcliffe A, Poole AR (1992) Cartilage and diarthrodial joints as paradigms for hierarchical materials and structures. Biomaterials 13:67–97PubMed
39.
go back to reference Bbonzani IC, George HJ, Stevens MM (2006) Novel materials for bone and cartilage regeneration. Curr Opin Chem Biol 10:568–575 Bbonzani IC, George HJ, Stevens MM (2006) Novel materials for bone and cartilage regeneration. Curr Opin Chem Biol 10:568–575
40.
go back to reference Dai XY, Zhang YY, Gao LN, Bai T, Wang W, Cui Y, Liu W (2015) A mechanically strong, highly stable, thermoplastic, and self-healable Supramolecular polymer hydrogel. Adv Mater 27:3566–3571PubMed Dai XY, Zhang YY, Gao LN, Bai T, Wang W, Cui Y, Liu W (2015) A mechanically strong, highly stable, thermoplastic, and self-healable Supramolecular polymer hydrogel. Adv Mater 27:3566–3571PubMed
41.
go back to reference Yuan NX, Xu L, Wang HL, Fu Y, Zhang Z, Liu L, Wang C, Zhao J, Rong J (2016) Dual physically cross-linked double network hydrogels with high mechanical strength, fatigue resistance, notch-insensitivity, and self-healing properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:34034–34044PubMed Yuan NX, Xu L, Wang HL, Fu Y, Zhang Z, Liu L, Wang C, Zhao J, Rong J (2016) Dual physically cross-linked double network hydrogels with high mechanical strength, fatigue resistance, notch-insensitivity, and self-healing properties. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 8:34034–34044PubMed
42.
go back to reference Jin T, Yin H, Easton CD, Seeber A, Hao XJ, Huang C, Zeng RC (2019) New strategy of improving the dispersibility of acrylamide-functionalized graphene oxide in aqueous solution by RAFT copolymerization of acrylamide and acrylic acid. Eur Polym J 117:148–158 Jin T, Yin H, Easton CD, Seeber A, Hao XJ, Huang C, Zeng RC (2019) New strategy of improving the dispersibility of acrylamide-functionalized graphene oxide in aqueous solution by RAFT copolymerization of acrylamide and acrylic acid. Eur Polym J 117:148–158
43.
go back to reference Konishi M, Isobe T, Senna M (2001) Enhancement of photoluminescence of ZnS:Mn nanocrystals by hybridizing with polymerized acrylic acid. J Lumin 93:1–8 Konishi M, Isobe T, Senna M (2001) Enhancement of photoluminescence of ZnS:Mn nanocrystals by hybridizing with polymerized acrylic acid. J Lumin 93:1–8
44.
go back to reference Naseem K, Begum R, Wu WT, Usman M, Irfan A, al-Sehemi AG, Farooqi ZH (2019) Adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions using polystyrene-poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide-acrylic acid) core/shell gel particles: adsorption isotherms and kinetic study. J Mol Liq 277:522–531 Naseem K, Begum R, Wu WT, Usman M, Irfan A, al-Sehemi AG, Farooqi ZH (2019) Adsorptive removal of heavy metal ions using polystyrene-poly(N-isopropylmethacrylamide-acrylic acid) core/shell gel particles: adsorption isotherms and kinetic study. J Mol Liq 277:522–531
45.
go back to reference Mellott MB, Searcy K, Pishko MV (2001) Release of protein from highly cross-linked hydrogels of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate fabricated by UV polymerization. Biomaterials 22:929–941PubMed Mellott MB, Searcy K, Pishko MV (2001) Release of protein from highly cross-linked hydrogels of poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate fabricated by UV polymerization. Biomaterials 22:929–941PubMed
46.
go back to reference Elliott JE, Macdonald M, Nie J, Bowman CN (2004) Structure and swelling of poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels: effect of pH, ionic strength, and dilution on the crosslinked polymer structure. Polymer 45:1503–1510 Elliott JE, Macdonald M, Nie J, Bowman CN (2004) Structure and swelling of poly(acrylic acid) hydrogels: effect of pH, ionic strength, and dilution on the crosslinked polymer structure. Polymer 45:1503–1510
47.
go back to reference Ahmed EM (2015) Hydrogel: preparation, characterization, and applications: a review. J Adv Res 6:105–121PubMed Ahmed EM (2015) Hydrogel: preparation, characterization, and applications: a review. J Adv Res 6:105–121PubMed
48.
go back to reference Alla SGA, Sen M, El-Naggar AWM (2012) Swelling and mechanical properties of superabsorbent hydrogels based on Tara gum/acrylic acid synthesized by gamma radiation. Carbohydr Polym 89:478–485 Alla SGA, Sen M, El-Naggar AWM (2012) Swelling and mechanical properties of superabsorbent hydrogels based on Tara gum/acrylic acid synthesized by gamma radiation. Carbohydr Polym 89:478–485
49.
go back to reference Deng YL, Xiong DS, Wang K (2014) The mechanical properties of the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene grafted with 3-dimethy (3-(N-methacryamido) propyl) ammonium propane sulfonate. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 35:18–26PubMed Deng YL, Xiong DS, Wang K (2014) The mechanical properties of the ultra high molecular weight polyethylene grafted with 3-dimethy (3-(N-methacryamido) propyl) ammonium propane sulfonate. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 35:18–26PubMed
50.
go back to reference Deng YL, Xiong DS, Shao SL (2013) Study on biotribological properties of UHMWPE grafted with MPDSAH. Mater Sci Eng, C 33:1339–1343 Deng YL, Xiong DS, Shao SL (2013) Study on biotribological properties of UHMWPE grafted with MPDSAH. Mater Sci Eng, C 33:1339–1343
51.
go back to reference Gong JP (2014) Materials both tough and soft. Science 344:161–162PubMed Gong JP (2014) Materials both tough and soft. Science 344:161–162PubMed
52.
go back to reference Chen Q, Zhu L, Zhao C, Wang Q, Zheng J (2013) A robust, one-pot synthesis of highly mechanical and recoverable double network hydrogels using thermoreversible sol-gel polysaccharide. Adv Mater 25:4171–4176PubMed Chen Q, Zhu L, Zhao C, Wang Q, Zheng J (2013) A robust, one-pot synthesis of highly mechanical and recoverable double network hydrogels using thermoreversible sol-gel polysaccharide. Adv Mater 25:4171–4176PubMed
53.
go back to reference Gong JP (2006) Friction and lubrication of hydrogels-its richness and complexity. Soft Matter 2:544–552 Gong JP (2006) Friction and lubrication of hydrogels-its richness and complexity. Soft Matter 2:544–552
54.
go back to reference Ma SH, Scaraggi M, Wang DA, Wang X, Liang Y, Liu W, Dini D, Zhou F (2015) Nanoporous substrate-infiltrated hydrogels: a bioinspired regenerable surface for high load bearing and tunable friction. Adv Funct Mater 25:7366–7374 Ma SH, Scaraggi M, Wang DA, Wang X, Liang Y, Liu W, Dini D, Zhou F (2015) Nanoporous substrate-infiltrated hydrogels: a bioinspired regenerable surface for high load bearing and tunable friction. Adv Funct Mater 25:7366–7374
55.
go back to reference Gong JP, Kurokawa T, Narita T, Kagata G, Osada Y, Nishimura G, Kinjo M (2001) Synthesis of hydrogels with extremely low surface friction. J Am Chem Soc 123:5582–5583PubMed Gong JP, Kurokawa T, Narita T, Kagata G, Osada Y, Nishimura G, Kinjo M (2001) Synthesis of hydrogels with extremely low surface friction. J Am Chem Soc 123:5582–5583PubMed
56.
go back to reference Gong JP, Katsuyama Y, Kurokawa T, Osada Y (2003) Double-network hydrogels with extremely high mechanical strength. Adv Mater 15:1155–1158 Gong JP, Katsuyama Y, Kurokawa T, Osada Y (2003) Double-network hydrogels with extremely high mechanical strength. Adv Mater 15:1155–1158
57.
go back to reference Wang QG, Mynar JL, Yoshida M, Lee E, Lee M, Okuro K, Kinbara K, Aida T (2010) High-water-content mouldable hydrogels by mixing clay and a dendritic molecular binder. Nature 463:339–343PubMed Wang QG, Mynar JL, Yoshida M, Lee E, Lee M, Okuro K, Kinbara K, Aida T (2010) High-water-content mouldable hydrogels by mixing clay and a dendritic molecular binder. Nature 463:339–343PubMed
58.
go back to reference Lin P, Ma SH, Wang XL, Zhou F (2015) Molecularly engineered dual-crosslinked hydrogel with ultrahigh mechanical strength, toughness, and good self-recovery. Adv Mater 27:2054–2059PubMed Lin P, Ma SH, Wang XL, Zhou F (2015) Molecularly engineered dual-crosslinked hydrogel with ultrahigh mechanical strength, toughness, and good self-recovery. Adv Mater 27:2054–2059PubMed
Metadata
Title
Tribological properties of hierarchical structure artificial joints with poly acrylic acid (AA) - poly acrylamide (AAm) hydrogel and Ti6Al4V substrate
Authors
Yaling Deng
Jianjun Sun
Xingya Ni
Bo Yu
Publication date
01-06-2020
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Journal of Polymer Research / Issue 6/2020
Print ISSN: 1022-9760
Electronic ISSN: 1572-8935
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10965-020-02143-z

Other articles of this Issue 6/2020

Journal of Polymer Research 6/2020 Go to the issue

Premium Partners