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Published in: Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft 1/2019

11-02-2019 | Essay

Wettstreit um Deutung: Rechtsradikale Politik und narrativer Parteienwettbewerb am Beispiel der Slowakei und Ungarn

Author: Dr. Bartek Pytlas

Published in: Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft | Issue 1/2019

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Zusammenfassung

In den letzten Dekaden konnte rechtsradikale Politik zunehmende Salonfähigkeit in der Mitte des gesellschaftspolitischen Mainstreams erlangen. Basierend auf klassischer und aktueller Forschung zielt der Beitrag daher darauf, Wettbewerbsmechanismen rechtsradikaler Politik im politischen Prozess zu untersuchen. Um diese dynamischen und interaktiven Prozesse tiefer zu verstehen, ist es notwendig, die Perspektive um die narrative Dimension des Wettbewerbs zwischen rechtsradikalen Herausforderinnen und ihren konventionellen Konkurrentinnen zu erweitern. Parteienwettbewerb ist nicht nur ein räumlicher Wettstreit um Besetzung von Themenpositionen, sondern auch ein Wettstreit um ihre distinktive und dominante Deutung. Die Politisierung der sog. „Flüchtlingskrise“ in der Slowakei und Ungarn nach 2015 eignet sich für eine systematische Untersuchung des Framing-Wettbewerbes zwischen rechtsradikalen Herausforderinnen und konventionellen Regierungsparteien. Eine computergestützte qualitative Datenanalyse von Online-Parlamentswahlkampagnen liefert empirische Evidenz, dass konventionelle Parteien nicht „bloß“ restriktive asylpolitische Positionen übernommen haben, sondern diese auch mithilfe nativistischer Bedrohungsnarrative legitimiert haben. Fidesz in Ungarn besetzte die Agenda dabei mit einem eigenen übergreifenden rechtsradikalen Generalnarrativ. Trotz narrativer Kopierstrategien konnten rechtsradikale und rechtsextreme „Originale“ gleichzeitig ihre normalisierten Bedrohungsszenarien auf andere Themen kollektiver Identitätspolitik erweitern (Slowakei) oder ihre nativistischen Frames als vermeintlich „entideologisierte“ Kompetenzpolitik diskursiv umpacken (Ungarn), und somit ein Alleinstellungsmerkmal im Parteienwettbewerb beibehalten. Die Befunde haben einen konzeptuellen und analytischen Mehrwert für die Erforschung vom rechtsradikalen Agenda-Setting, Framing und Wettbewerbsstrategien auch jenseits der untersuchten Fälle. Die Analyse erlaubt zugleich ein tieferes Verständnis der Normalisierungsprozesse rechtsradikaler Politik und ihrer Auswirkung auf europäische Parteiensysteme und liberale Demokratie.

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Appendix
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Metadata
Title
Wettstreit um Deutung: Rechtsradikale Politik und narrativer Parteienwettbewerb am Beispiel der Slowakei und Ungarn
Author
Dr. Bartek Pytlas
Publication date
11-02-2019
Publisher
Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden
Published in
Zeitschrift für Vergleichende Politikwissenschaft / Issue 1/2019
Print ISSN: 1865-2646
Electronic ISSN: 1865-2654
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12286-019-00412-w

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