Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Colloid and Polymer Science
Published in: Colloid and Polymer Science 4/2013

01-04-2013 | Original Contribution

Analysis of phase structure and evolution of PP/PEOc blends during quiescent molten-state annealing process from SEM patterns. Part I: droplet/matrix morphology

Authors: Lin Zhu, Xiangqian Shen, Jianliang Gu, Cui Li, Xinhua Xu

Published in: Colloid and Polymer Science | Issue 4/2013

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

This work was aimed at studying the phase structure and evolution of polypropylene (PP)/poly(ethylene-1-octene) copolymer (PEOc) blends with droplet/matrix morphology using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) during quiescent molten-state annealing process. The structure parameters, such as the area diameter, d p , and number average diameters, D n , of the dispersed phase in PP/PEOc blends were calculated by pattern analysis of SEM images. Moreover, the potential fractal behavior of the phase structure and morphology of PP/PEOc = 80/20 blend during the process was discussed. The histograms of \( P\left( {{d_p \left/ {{{{\overline{d}}_p}}} \right.}} \right) \) obtained at various annealing time fell on a master curve, demonstrating the self-similar growth of the phase structure of the blends during quiescent molten-state annealing process.
previous article Design and synthesis of the polyaniline interface for polyamide 66/multi-walled carbon nanotube electrically conductive composites
next article Drying dissipative structures of lightly cross-linked poly(2-vinyl pyridine) cationic gel spheres stabilized with poly(ethylene glycol) in the deionized aqueous suspension

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
Literature
1.
Paul DR, Newman S (1978) Polymer blends, 1/2. Academic Press, New York
2.
Polizu S, Favis BD, Vu-Khanh T (1999) Morphology−interface−property relationships in polystyrene/ethylene−propylene rubber blends. 2. Influence of areal density and interfacial saturation of diblock and triblock copolymer interfacial modifiers. Macromolecules 32:3448–3456CrossRef
3.
Willemse RC, de Boer AP, Dam JV, Gotsis AD (1999) Co-continuous morphologies in polymer blends: the influence of the interfacial tension. Polymer 40:827–834CrossRef
4.
Bhadane PA, Champagne MF, Huneault MA, Tofan F, Favis BD (2006) Erosion-dependant continuity development in high viscosity ratio blends of very low interfacial tension. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 44:1919–1929CrossRef
5.
Bhadane PA, Champagne MF, Huneault MA, Tofan F, Favis BD (2006) Continuity development in polymer blends of very low interfacial tension. Polymer 47:2760–2771CrossRef
6.
Li J, Ma PL, Favis BD (2002) The role of the blend interface type on morphology in cocontinuous polymer blends. Macromolecules 35:2005–2016CrossRef
7.
Sarazin P, Favis BD (2005) Influence of temperature-induced coalescence effects on co-continuous morphology in poly(ε-caprolactone)/polystyrene blends. Polymer 46:5966–5978CrossRef
8.
Liang JZ, Li RKY (2000) Rubber toughening in polypropylene: a review. J Appl Polym Sci 77:409–417CrossRef
9.
Nitta K, Kawada T, Yamahiro M, Mori H, Terano M (2000) Polypropylene-block-poly(ethylene-co-propylene) addition to polypropylene/ poly(ethylene-co-propylene) blends: morphology and mechanical properties. Polymer 41:6765–6771CrossRef
10.
Lee JK, Lee JH, Lee KH, Jin BS (2001) Phase separation and crystallization behavior in extruded polypropylene/ethylene-propylene rubber blends. J Appl Polym Sci 81:695–700CrossRef
11.
Fan ZQ, Zhang YQ, Xu JT, Wang HT, Feng LX (2001) Structure and properties of polypropylene/poly(ethylene-co-propylene in-situ blends synthesized by spherical Ziegler-Natta catalyst. Polymer 42:5559–5566CrossRef
12.
Pires M, Mauler RS, Liberman SA (2004) Structural characterization of reactor blends of polypropylene and ethylene-propylene rubber. J Appl Polym Sci 92:2155–2162CrossRef
13.
Grein C, Gahleitner M (2008) On the influence of nucleation on the toughness of iPP/EPR blends with different rubber molecular architectures. Express Polym Lett 2:392–397CrossRef
14.
Jiang W, Tjong SC, Li RKY (2000) Brittle-tough transition in PP/EPDM blends: effects of interparticle distance and tensile deformation speed. Polymer 41:3479–3482CrossRef
15.
Jiang W, Yu DH, An LJ, Jiang BZ (2004) Brittle-ductile transition of polypropylene/ethyllene-propylene-diene monomer blends induced by size, temperature, and time. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 42:1433–1440CrossRef
16.
Goharpey F, Nazockdast H, Katbab AA (2005) Relationship between the rheology and morphology of dynamically vulcanized thermoplastic elastomers based on EPDM/PP. Polym Eng Sci 45:84–94CrossRef
17.
Prut EV, Erina NA, Karger-Kocsis J, Medintseva TI (2008) Effects of blend composition and dynamic vulcanization on the morphology and dynamic viscoelastic properties of PP/EPDM blends. J Appl Polym Sci 109:1212–1220CrossRef
18.
Naderi G, Lafleur PG, Dubois C (2007) Microstructure-properties correlations in dynamically vulcanized nanocomposite thermoplastic elastomers based on PP/EPDM. Polym Eng Sci 47:207–217CrossRef
19.
Martin G, Barres C, Sonntag P, Garois N, Cassagnau P (2009) Co-continuous morphology and stress relaxation behaviour of unfilled and silica filled PP/EPDM blends. Mater Chem Phys 113:889–898CrossRef
20.
Abreu FOMS, Forte MMC, Liberman SA (2005) SBS and SEBS block copolymers as impact modifiers for polypropylene compounds. J Appl Polym Sci 95:254–263CrossRef
21.
Martin Z, Jimenez I, Gomez MA, Ade H, Kilcoyne DA (2010) Interfacial interactions in PP/MMT/SEBS nanocomposites. Macromolecules 43:448–453CrossRef
22.
Hom S, Bhattacharyya AR, Khare RA, Kulkarni AR, Saroop M, Biswas A (2009) Blends of polypropylene and ethylene octene comonomer with conducting fillers: influence of state of dispersion of conducting fillers on electrical conductivity. Polym Eng Sci 49:1502–1510CrossRef
23.
Zhu L, Xu XH, Ye N, Song N, Sheng J (2010) Influence of composition and phase morphology on rheological properties of polypropylene/poly(ethylene-co-octene) blends. Polym Compos 31:105–113CrossRef
24.
Song N, Zhu L, Yan XL, Xu YB, Xu XH (2008) Effect of blend composition on the rheology property of polypropylene/poly (ethylene-1-octene) blends. J Mater Sci 43:3218–3222CrossRef
25.
Da Silva ALN, Rocha MCG, Coutinho FMB, Bretas RES, Farah M (2002) Evaluation of rheological and mechanical behavior of blends based on polypropylene and metallocene elastomers. Polym Test 21(6):647–652CrossRef
26.
Da Silva ALN, Rocha MCG, Coutinho FMB, Bretas RES, Scuracchio C (2000) Rheological and morphological properties of blends based on ethylene–octene copolymer and polypropylene. Polym Test 19(4):363–371CrossRef
27.
Da Silva ALN, Rocha MCG, Coutinho FMB, Bretas RES, Scuracchio C (2001) Rheological and thermal properties of binary blends of polypropylene and poly (ethylene-co-1-octene). J Appl Polym Sci 79(9):1634–1639CrossRef
28.
Da Silva ALN, Rocha MCG, Coutinho FMB, Bretas RES, Scuracchio C (2000) Rheological, mechanical, thermal, and morphological properties of polypropylene/ethylene–octene copolymer blends. J Appl Polym Sci 75(5):692–704CrossRef
29.
McNally T, McShane P, Nally GM, Murphy WR, Cook M, Miller A (2002) Rheology, phase morphology, mechanical, impact and thermal properties of polypropylene/metallocene catalysed ethylene 1-octene copolymer blends. Polymer 43(13):3785–3793CrossRef
30.
Da Silva ALN, Rocha MCG, Coutinho FMB (2002) Study of rheological behavior of elastomer/polypropylene blends. Polym Test 21(3):289–293CrossRef
31.
Zhu L, Xu X, Sheng J (2012) Real space and wave-number space studies of the phase structure and morphology of iPP/PEOc blends using phase contrast microscopy. J Compos Mater 46:841–849CrossRef
32.
Zhu L, Song N, Xu X (2011) Off-Line and in-line analysis of phase morphology and evolution during solidification process of PP/PEOc blend in an internal mixer. Polym Eng Sci 51:609–616CrossRef
33.
Zhu L, Xu X, Sheng J (2011) The effect of stretching on the morphological structures and mechanical properties of polypropylene and poly(ethylene-co-octene) blends. J Polym Res 18:2469–2475CrossRef
34.
Yao YH, Dong X, Zhang CG, Zou FS, Han CC (2010) Refractive index crossover and the phase diagram of an iPP/PEOc blend. Polymer 51:3225–3229CrossRef
35.
Zhu L, Fan HN, Yang ZQ, Xu X (2010) Evaluation of phase morphology, rheological, and mechanical properties based on polypropylene toughened with poly(ethylene-co-octene). Polym-Plast Technol 49:208–217CrossRef
36.
Svoboda P, Svobodova D, Slobodian P, Ougizawa T, Inoue T (2009) Transmission electron microscopy study of phase morphology in polypropylene/ethylene-octene copolymer blends. Eur Polym J 45:1485–1492CrossRef
37.
Ono M, Nakajima K, Misawa M, Nishi T (2008) Real-time morphological observation of isotactic polypropylene and poly(ethylene-co-octene) rubber blend during temperature change. J Appl Polym Sci 108:1857–1864CrossRef
38.
Xu X, Yan X, Zhu T, Zhang C, Sheng J (2007) Phase morphology development of polypropylene/ethylene–octene copolymer blends: effects of blend composition and processing conditions. Polym Bull 58(2):465–478CrossRef
39.
Xu X, Zhu T, Yan X, Zhang C (2007) Temporal evolution of phase morphology of polypropylene/poly(ethylene octene) elastomer binary polymer blends by phase contrast microscope. J Appl Polym Sci 104(5):2778–2784CrossRef
40.
Yan X, Xu X, Zhu T, Zhang C, Song N, Zhu L (2008) Phase morphological evolution and rheological properties of polypropylene/ethylene–octene copolymer blends. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct 476(1–2):120–125CrossRef
41.
Zhou H, Ying J, Liu F, Xie X, Li D (2010) Non-isothermal crystallization behavior and kinetics of isotactic polypropylene/ethylene-octene blends. Part I: Crystallization behavior. Polym Test 29:640–647CrossRef
42.
Zhou H, Ying J, Xie X, Liu F, Li D (2010) Non-isothermal crystallization behavior and kinetics of isotactic polypropylene/ethylene-octene blends. Part II: Modeling of crystallization kinetics. Polym Test 29:915–923CrossRef
43.
Svoboda P, Trivedi K, Svobodova D, Mokrejs P, Vasek V, Mori K, Ougizawa T, Inoue T (2011) Isothermal crystallization in polypropylene/ethylene-octene copolymer blends. Mater Chem Phys 131:84–93CrossRef
44.
Pang YY, Dong X, Zhang XQ, Liu KP, Chen EQ, Han CC, Wang DJ (2008) Interplay between crystallization behaviors and extensional deformation of isotactic polypropylene and its blend with poly(ethylene-co-octene). Polymer 49:2568–2577CrossRef
45.
Meng K, Dong X, Hong S, Wang X, Cheng H, Han CC (2008) Shear-induced crystallization in phase-separated blend of isotactic polypropylene and poly (ethylene-co-octene). J Chem Phys 128:024906CrossRef
46.
Yu FY, Zhang HB, Zheng H, Yu W, Zhou CX (2008) Experimental study of flow-induced crystallization in the blends of isotactic polypropylene and poly(ethylene-co-octene). Eur Polym J 44:79–86CrossRef
47.
Fanegas N, Gomez MA, Marco C, Jimenez I, Ellis G (2007) Influence of a nucleating agent on the crystallization behaviour of isotactic polypropylene and elastomer blends. Polymer 48:5324–5331CrossRef
48.
Pang YY, Dong X, Liu KP, Han CC, Chen EQ, Wang DJ (2008) Ductile-brittle transition controlled by isothermal crystallization of isotactic polypropylene and its blend with poly(ethylene-co-octene). Polymer 49:4259–4270CrossRef
49.
Svoboda P, Svobodova D, Slobodian P, Ougizawa T, Inoue T (2009) Crystallization kinetics of polypropylene/ethylene-octene copolymer blends. Polym Test 28:215–222CrossRef
50.
Tang WH, Tang J, Yuan HL, Jin RG (2011) Crystallization behavior and mechanical properties of polypropylene random copolymer/poly(ethylene-octene) blends. J Appl Polym Sci 122:461–468CrossRef
51.
Bai H, Wang Y, Song B, Li Y, Liu L (2008) Effect of nucleating agent on the brittle–ductile transition behavior of polypropylene/ethylene–octene copolymer blends. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 46(6):577–588CrossRef
52.
Ying JR, Liu SP, Guo F, Zhou XP, Xie XL (2008) Non-isothermal crystallization and crystalline structure of PP/POE blends. J Therm Anal Calorim 91(3):723–731CrossRef
53.
Prieto O, Perena JM, Benavente R, Cerrada ML, Perez E (2002) Effect of composition and molecular weight on the crystallization behavior of blends of iPP and a metallocenic ethylene/1-octene copolymer. Macromol Chem Phys 203(12):1844–1851CrossRef
54.
Meng K, Dong X, Zhang XH, Zhang CG, Han CC (2006) Shear-induced crystallization in a blend of isotactic poly(propylene) and poly (ethylene-co-octene). Macromol Rapid Comm 27(19):1677–1683CrossRef
55.
Cerrada ML, Prieto O, Perea JM, Benavente R, Pérez E (2003) Blends of isotactic polypropylenes and a plastomer: crystallization and viscoelastic behavior. Macromol Symp 198(1):91–101CrossRef
56.
Pang Y, Dong X, Zhao Y, Han CC, Wang D (2011) Phase separation induced morphology evolution and corresponding impact fracture behavior of iPP/PEOc blends. J Appl Polym Sci 121:445–453CrossRef
57.
Svoboda P, Theravalappi R, Svobodova D, Mokrejs P, Kolomaznik K, Mori K, Ougizawa T, Inoue T (2010) Elastic properties of polypropylene/ethylene-octene copolymer blends. Polym Test 29:742–748CrossRef
58.
Babu RR, Singha NK, Naskar K (2010) Interrelationships of morphology, thermal and mechanical properties in uncrosslinked and dynamically crosslinked PP/EOC and PP/EPDM blends. Express Polym Lett 4:197–209CrossRef
59.
Das V, Pandey AK, Krishna B (2009) Low temperature izod impact studies of blends based on impact grade polypropylene and ethylene-alpha-octene copolymer. J Reinf Plast Comp 28:2879–2888CrossRef
60.
Li RB, Zhang XQ, Zhao Y, Hu XT, Zhao XT, Wang DJ (2009) New polypropylene blends toughened by polypropylene/poly(ethylene-co-propylene) in-reactor alloy: compositional and morphological influence on mechanical properties. Polymer 50:5124–5133CrossRef
61.
Song N, Zhu L, Wang FJ, Xu XH (2009) Tensile properties and morphological evolution of polypropylene and poly(ethylene-co-1-octene) blends. Polym Compos 30:1486–1491CrossRef
62.
Babu RR, Singha NK, Naskar K (2009) Dynamically vulcanized blends of polypropylene and ethylene octene copolymer: influence of various coagents on mechanical and morphological characteristics. J Appl Polym Sci 113:1836–1852CrossRef
63.
Bai HW, Wang Y, Zhang DL, Xiao CQ, Song B, Li YL, Han L (2009) Fracture studies of poly(propylene)/elastomer blend with beta-form nucleating agent. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct 51:322–31
64.
Bai HW, Wang Y, Song B, Fan XM, Zhou ZW, Li YL (2009) Nucleating agent induced impact fracture behavior change in PP/POE blend. Polym Bull 62:405–419CrossRef
65.
Jiao YH, Wang XL, Wang YZ, Chen L, Mu SM, Li F (2009) Relationship between microstructure and mechanical properties of ethylene-octene copolymer reinforced and toughened PP. J Macromol Sci B 48:351–364CrossRef
66.
Tortorella N, Beatty CL (2008) Morphology and mechanical properties of impact modified polypropylene blends. Polym Eng Sci 48:2098–2110CrossRef
67.
Zhu L, Xu XH, Wang FJ, Song N, Sheng J (2008) Characterisation of the thickness of transition layer and its relation to mechanical properties of polypropylene/poly(ethylene-co-octene) blends. Mat Sci Eng A-Struct 494:449–455CrossRef
68.
Pang Y, Dong X, Zhao Y, Han CC, Wang D (2007) Time evolution of phase structure and corresponding mechanical properties of iPP/PEOc blends in the late-stage phase separation and crystallization. Polymer 48:6395–6403CrossRef
69.
Yan X, Xu X, Zhu L (2007) Analysis of brittle–ductile transition of polypropylene/ethylene–octene copolymer blends by scanning electron microscopy and small angle laser light scattering. J Mater Sci 42(20):8645–8651CrossRef
70.
Babu RR, Singha NK, Naskar K (2010) Effects of mixing sequence on peroxide cured polypropylene (PP)/ethylene octene copolymer (EOC) thermoplastic vulcanizates (TPVs). Part. I. Morphological, mechanical and thermal properties. J Polym Res 17:657–671CrossRef
71.
Babu RR, Singha NK, Naskar K (2010) Dynamically vulcanized blends of polypropylene and ethylene octene copolymer: influence of various coagents on thermal and rheological characteristics. J Appl Polym Sci 117:1578–1590
72.
Nakai A, Shiwaku T, Wang W, Hasegawa H, Hashimoto T (1996) Process and mechanism of phase separation in polymer mixtures with a thermotropic liquid crystalline copolyester as one component. Macromolecules 29:5990–6001CrossRef
73.
Mirabella FM Jr (1994) Phase separation and the kinetics of phase coarsening in commercial impact polypropylene copolymers. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 32:1205–1216CrossRef
74.
Tian Y, Song S, Feng J, Yi J (2012) Phase morphology evolution upon melt annealing treatment and corresponding mechanical performance of impact-resistant polypropylene copolymer. Mater Chem Phys 133:893–900CrossRef
75.
Crist B, Nesarikar AR (1995) Coarsening in polyethylene copolymer blends. Macromolecules 28:890–896CrossRef
76.
Stachurski ZH, Edward GH, Yin M, Long Y (1996) Particle coarsening in polypropylene/polyethylene blends. Macromolecules 29:2131–2137CrossRef
77.
Wallheinke K, Potschke P, Macosko CW, Stutz H (1999) Coalescence in blends of thermoplastic polyurethane with polyolefins. Polym Eng Sci 39:1022–1034CrossRef
78.
Filippone G, Netti PA, Acierno D (2007) Microstructural evolution of LDPE/PA6 blends by rheological and rheo-optical analyses: influence of flow and compatibilizer on break-up and coalescence processes. Polymer 48:564–573CrossRef
79.
Hanafy GM, Madbouly SA, Ougizawa T, Inoue T (2005) Effect of shear history on the morphology and coarsening behaviour of polycarbonate/poly(styrene-co-acrylonitrile blend). Polymer 46:705–712CrossRef
80.
Lifshitz IM, Slyozov VV (1961) The kinetics of precipitation from supersaturated solid solutions. J Phys Chem Solids 19:35–50CrossRef
81.
Binder K, Stauffer D (1976) Statistical theory of nucleation, condensation and coagulation. Adv Phys 25:343–396CrossRef
82.
Smoluchowski MV (1917) Versuch einer mathematischen theorie der koagulationskinetik kolloider lösungen. Z Phys Chem 92:129–168
83.
Elmendorp JJ, Van Der Vegt AK (1986) A study on polymer blending micro-rheology: Part IV. The influence of coalescence on blend morphology origination. Polym Eng Sci 26:1332–1338CrossRef
84.
Sundararaj U, Macosko CW (1995) Drop breakup and coalescence in polymer blends: the effects of concentration and compatibilization. Macromolecules 28:2647–2657CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Analysis of phase structure and evolution of PP/PEOc blends during quiescent molten-state annealing process from SEM patterns. Part I: droplet/matrix morphology
Authors
Lin Zhu
Xiangqian Shen
Jianliang Gu
Cui Li
Xinhua Xu
Publication date
01-04-2013
Publisher
Springer-Verlag
Published in
Colloid and Polymer Science / Issue 4/2013
Print ISSN: 0303-402X
Electronic ISSN: 1435-1536
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-012-2824-6

Other articles of this Issue 4/2013

Colloid and Polymer Science 4/2013 Go to the issue

Original Contribution

Porous “sponge-like” anatase TiO2 via polymer templates: synthesis, characterization, and performance as a light-scattering material

Original Contribution

Electrostatic cross-linking-induced self-assembly of poly(allylamine hydrochloride) using Allura Red AC

Original Contribution

Synthesis and physical behavior of amphiphilic dendrimers with layered organization of hydrophilic and hydrophobic blocks

Original Contribution

Blend or copolymer? Spectroelectrochemical evidence of copolymerization and blending of two electrochromic monomers

Original Contribution

Lamellar assembly corresponding to transitions of positively to negatively birefringent spherulites in poly(ethylene adipate) with phenoxy

Original Contribution

Crystal structure and thermal behavior of cold-crystallized poly(trimethylene terephthalate)

Premium Partners

    Image Credits