Skip to main content
Top
Published in: TechTrends 1/2023

29-09-2022 | Original Paper

Authentic Learning Experiences to Improve Online Instructor’s Performance and Self-Efficacy: The Design of an Online Mentoring Program

Authors: Victoria L. Lowell, Mohan Yang

Published in: TechTrends | Issue 1/2023

Login to get access

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

With the rapid increase in online education enrollments, the need for experienced and skilled online instructors has also increased. Research confirms that novice online instructors encounter barriers to high-quality teaching, including a lack of pedagogical knowledge, skills, and low self-efficacy. Providing training and mentoring within the real-life classroom settings that novice instructors will teach, may increase novice instructors’ technical and pedagogical skills, teaching confidence (i.e., self-efficacy), and transfer of training to independent teaching. In this manuscript, the authors present a design case of an online mentoring professional development program in an authentic and real-life context to improve new online instructors’ pedagogical skills and self-efficacy for real-world transfer. To date, the mentoring program has graduated 13 mentees, with one currently still in the program. Of the 13 instructors who completed the program, 12 are currently teaching regularly for the online program.
Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
go back to reference Ali, N. S., Hodson-Carlton, K., Ryan, M., Flowers, J., Rose, M. A., & Wayda, V. (2005). Online education: Needs assessment for faculty development. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 36(1), 32–38.CrossRef Ali, N. S., Hodson-Carlton, K., Ryan, M., Flowers, J., Rose, M. A., & Wayda, V. (2005). Online education: Needs assessment for faculty development. The Journal of Continuing Education in Nursing, 36(1), 32–38.CrossRef
go back to reference Bailie, J. (2011). Effective online instructional competencies as perceived by online university faculty and students: A sequel study. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 7(1), 82–89. Bailie, J. (2011). Effective online instructional competencies as perceived by online university faculty and students: A sequel study. Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 7(1), 82–89.
go back to reference Banas, J. R., & York., C. S. (2014). The impact of authentic learning exercises on pre-service teachers’ motivational beliefs towards technology integration. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education, 10(3), 60–76.CrossRef Banas, J. R., & York., C. S. (2014). The impact of authentic learning exercises on pre-service teachers’ motivational beliefs towards technology integration. International Journal of Information and Communication Technology Education, 10(3), 60–76.CrossRef
go back to reference Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215.CrossRef Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: Toward a unifying theory of behavioral change. Psychological Review, 84(2), 191–215.CrossRef
go back to reference Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122–147.CrossRef Bandura, A. (1982). Self-efficacy mechanism in human agency. American Psychologist, 37(2), 122–147.CrossRef
go back to reference Bandura, A. (1995). Exercise of personal and collective efficacy in changing societies. In A. Bandura (Ed.), Selfefficacy in changing societies (pp. 1–45). Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Bandura, A. (1995). Exercise of personal and collective efficacy in changing societies. In A. Bandura (Ed.), Selfefficacy in changing societies (pp. 1–45). Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Baran, E., Correia, A.-P., & Thompson, A. (2011). Transforming online teaching practice: Critical analysis of the literature on the roles and competencies of online teachers. Distance Education, 32(3), 421–439.CrossRef Baran, E., Correia, A.-P., & Thompson, A. (2011). Transforming online teaching practice: Critical analysis of the literature on the roles and competencies of online teachers. Distance Education, 32(3), 421–439.CrossRef
go back to reference Baran, E., Correia, A., & Thompson, A. D. (2013). Tracing successful online teaching in higher education: Voices of exemplary online teachers. Teachers College Record, 115, 1–41.CrossRef Baran, E., Correia, A., & Thompson, A. D. (2013). Tracing successful online teaching in higher education: Voices of exemplary online teachers. Teachers College Record, 115, 1–41.CrossRef
go back to reference Bartimote-Aufflick, K., Bridgeman, A., Walker, R., Sharma, M., & Smith, L. (2016). The study, evaluation, and improvement of university student self-efficacy. Studies in Higher Education, 41(11), 1918–1942.CrossRef Bartimote-Aufflick, K., Bridgeman, A., Walker, R., Sharma, M., & Smith, L. (2016). The study, evaluation, and improvement of university student self-efficacy. Studies in Higher Education, 41(11), 1918–1942.CrossRef
go back to reference Bektas, M. (2019). Examining the teacher candidates’ metaphorical perceptions related to the notion of authentic learning. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 11(2), 81–99.CrossRef Bektas, M. (2019). Examining the teacher candidates’ metaphorical perceptions related to the notion of authentic learning. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences, 11(2), 81–99.CrossRef
go back to reference Boling, E. (2010). The need for design cases: Disseminating design knowledge. International Journal of Designs for Learning, 1(1), 1–8.CrossRef Boling, E. (2010). The need for design cases: Disseminating design knowledge. International Journal of Designs for Learning, 1(1), 1–8.CrossRef
go back to reference Ching, Y.-H., Hsu, Y. C., & Baldwin, S. (2018). Developing online teaching expertise: An analysis of prospective online instructors’ reflections. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 29(2), 145–168. Ching, Y.-H., Hsu, Y. C., & Baldwin, S. (2018). Developing online teaching expertise: An analysis of prospective online instructors’ reflections. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 29(2), 145–168.
go back to reference Collins, A., Joseph, D., & Bielaczyc, K. (2004). Design research: Theoretical and methodological issues. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(1), 15–42.CrossRef Collins, A., Joseph, D., & Bielaczyc, K. (2004). Design research: Theoretical and methodological issues. Journal of the Learning Sciences, 13(1), 15–42.CrossRef
go back to reference Cronin, M., & Connolly, C. (2007). Exploring the use of experiential learning workshops and reflective practice within professional practice development for post-graduate health promotion students. Health Education Journal, 66, 286–303.CrossRef Cronin, M., & Connolly, C. (2007). Exploring the use of experiential learning workshops and reflective practice within professional practice development for post-graduate health promotion students. Health Education Journal, 66, 286–303.CrossRef
go back to reference Darling-Hammond, L. (1999). Teaching quality and student achievement: A review of state policy evidence. University of Washington. Darling-Hammond, L. (1999). Teaching quality and student achievement: A review of state policy evidence. University of Washington.
go back to reference Darling-Hammond, L. (2000). Teacher quality and student achievement: A review of state policy evidence. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 8(1), 1–44.CrossRef Darling-Hammond, L. (2000). Teacher quality and student achievement: A review of state policy evidence. Education Policy Analysis Archives, 8(1), 1–44.CrossRef
go back to reference Elliott, M., Rhoades, N., Jackson, C. M., & Mandernach, B. J. (2015). Professional development: Designing initiatives to meet the needs of online faculty. Journal of Educators Online, 12(1) Elliott, M., Rhoades, N., Jackson, C. M., & Mandernach, B. J. (2015). Professional development: Designing initiatives to meet the needs of online faculty. Journal of Educators Online, 12(1)
go back to reference Ginder, S. A., Kelly-Reid, J. E., & Mann, F. B. (2019). Enrollment and Employees in Postsecondary Institutions, Fall 2017; and Financial Statistics and Academic Libraries, Fiscal Year 2017: First Look (Provisional Data) (NCES 2019–021rev). U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics. Ginder, S. A., Kelly-Reid, J. E., & Mann, F. B. (2019). Enrollment and Employees in Postsecondary Institutions, Fall 2017; and Financial Statistics and Academic Libraries, Fiscal Year 2017: First Look (Provisional Data) (NCES 2019–021rev). U.S. Department of Education. National Center for Education Statistics.
go back to reference Gurley, L. (2018). Educators’ preparation to teach, perceived teaching presence, and perceived teaching presence behaviors in blended and online learning environments. Online Learning, 22(2), 197–220. Gurley, L. (2018). Educators’ preparation to teach, perceived teaching presence, and perceived teaching presence behaviors in blended and online learning environments. Online Learning, 22(2), 197–220.
go back to reference Hackett, G., & Betz, N. (1989). An exploration of the mathematics self-efficacy/mathematics performance correspondence. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 20(3), 261–273.CrossRef Hackett, G., & Betz, N. (1989). An exploration of the mathematics self-efficacy/mathematics performance correspondence. Journal for Research in Mathematics Education, 20(3), 261–273.CrossRef
go back to reference Hathaway, D., & Norton, P. (2012). An exploratory study comparing two modes of preparation for online teaching. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 28(4), 146–149.CrossRef Hathaway, D., & Norton, P. (2012). An exploratory study comparing two modes of preparation for online teaching. Journal of Digital Learning in Teacher Education, 28(4), 146–149.CrossRef
go back to reference Herrington, J., & Oliver, R. (2000). An instructional design framework for authentic learning environments. Educational Technology Research and Development, 48(3), 23–48.CrossRef Herrington, J., & Oliver, R. (2000). An instructional design framework for authentic learning environments. Educational Technology Research and Development, 48(3), 23–48.CrossRef
go back to reference Herrington, J. A., Oliver, R. G., & Reeves, T. (2003). Patterns of engagement in authentic online learning environments. Australian Journal of Educational Technology, 19(1), 59–71. Herrington, J. A., Oliver, R. G., & Reeves, T. (2003). Patterns of engagement in authentic online learning environments. Australian Journal of Educational Technology, 19(1), 59–71.
go back to reference Horvitz, B. S., Beach, A. L., Anderson, M. L., & Xia, J. (2015). Examination of faculty self-efficacy related to online teaching. Innovative Higher Education, 40(4), 305–316.CrossRef Horvitz, B. S., Beach, A. L., Anderson, M. L., & Xia, J. (2015). Examination of faculty self-efficacy related to online teaching. Innovative Higher Education, 40(4), 305–316.CrossRef
go back to reference Howard, C. D., Boling, E., Rowland, G., & Smith, K. M. (2012). Instructional design cases and why we need them. Educational Technology, 52(3), 34–38. Howard, C. D., Boling, E., Rowland, G., & Smith, K. M. (2012). Instructional design cases and why we need them. Educational Technology, 52(3), 34–38.
go back to reference Howard, S. K., Tondeur, J., Hutchison, N., Scherer, R., & Siddiq, F. (2022). A t(r)opical journey: Using text mining to explore teachers’ experiences in the Great Online Transition. Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference. Howard, S. K., Tondeur, J., Hutchison, N., Scherer, R., & Siddiq, F. (2022). A t(r)opical journey: Using text mining to explore teachers’ experiences in the Great Online Transition. Society for Information Technology & Teacher Education International Conference.
go back to reference Kibaru, F. (2018). Supporting faculty to face challenges in design and delivery of quality courses in virtual learning environments. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 19(4), 176–197.CrossRef Kibaru, F. (2018). Supporting faculty to face challenges in design and delivery of quality courses in virtual learning environments. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 19(4), 176–197.CrossRef
go back to reference Knobloch, N. A. (2003). Is experiential learning authentic? Journal of Agricultural Education, 44(4), 22–34.CrossRef Knobloch, N. A. (2003). Is experiential learning authentic? Journal of Agricultural Education, 44(4), 22–34.CrossRef
go back to reference Lackey, K. (2011). Faculty development: An analysis of current and effective training strategies for preparing faculty to teach online. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 14(4), 1–27. Lackey, K. (2011). Faculty development: An analysis of current and effective training strategies for preparing faculty to teach online. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 14(4), 1–27.
go back to reference Larcara, M. (2011). Supporting the online adjunct in higher education: A Delphi study. In Proceedings of World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2011 (pp. 2387–2398). Chesapeake, VA: AACE. Larcara, M. (2011). Supporting the online adjunct in higher education: A Delphi study. In Proceedings of World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education 2011 (pp. 2387–2398). Chesapeake, VA: AACE.
go back to reference Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge University Press.CrossRef Lave, J., & Wenger, E. (1991). Situated learning: Legitimate peripheral participation. Cambridge University Press.CrossRef
go back to reference Lloyd, S. A., Byrne, M. M., & Mccoy, T. S. (2012). Faculty-perceived barriers of online education. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 8(1), 1–12. Lloyd, S. A., Byrne, M. M., & Mccoy, T. S. (2012). Faculty-perceived barriers of online education. MERLOT Journal of Online Learning and Teaching, 8(1), 1–12.
go back to reference Lockwood, S. A., Miller, A. J., & Cromie, M. M. (2014). Preparing future biology faculty: An advanced professional development program for graduate students. The American Biology Teacher, 76(1), 17–21.CrossRef Lockwood, S. A., Miller, A. J., & Cromie, M. M. (2014). Preparing future biology faculty: An advanced professional development program for graduate students. The American Biology Teacher, 76(1), 17–21.CrossRef
go back to reference Lombardi, M. M. (2007). Authentic learning for the 21st century: An overview. Educause Learning Initiative, 1, 1–12. Lombardi, M. M. (2007). Authentic learning for the 21st century: An overview. Educause Learning Initiative, 1, 1–12.
go back to reference Lowell, V. L., & Exter, M. (2017). Leading a collaborative effort: Providing effective training and support for online adjunct instructors. International Journal of Designs for Learning, 8(2), 59–79.CrossRef Lowell, V. L., & Exter, M. (2017). Leading a collaborative effort: Providing effective training and support for online adjunct instructors. International Journal of Designs for Learning, 8(2), 59–79.CrossRef
go back to reference Maina, F. W. (2004). Authentic learning: Perspectives from contemporary educators. Journal of Authentic Learning, 1(1), 1–8. Maina, F. W. (2004). Authentic learning: Perspectives from contemporary educators. Journal of Authentic Learning, 1(1), 1–8.
go back to reference Moon, B., & Robinson, B. (2003). Open and distance learning for initial teacher training. In B. Robinson & C. R. Latchem (Eds.), Teacher education through open and distance learning: A review of distance education and open learning (Vol. 3, pp. 72–90). London: RoutledgeFalmer. Moon, B., & Robinson, B. (2003). Open and distance learning for initial teacher training. In B. Robinson & C. R. Latchem (Eds.), Teacher education through open and distance learning: A review of distance education and open learning (Vol. 3, pp. 72–90). London: RoutledgeFalmer.
go back to reference Pajares, F., & Miller, M. (1994). Role of self-efficacy and self-concept beliefs in mathematical problem solving: A path analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86(2), 193–203.CrossRef Pajares, F., & Miller, M. (1994). Role of self-efficacy and self-concept beliefs in mathematical problem solving: A path analysis. Journal of Educational Psychology, 86(2), 193–203.CrossRef
go back to reference Redecker, C. (2017). European framework for the digital competence of educators. Publications Office of the European Union. Redecker, C. (2017). European framework for the digital competence of educators. Publications Office of the European Union.
go back to reference Reeves, T. C., Herrington, J., & Oliver, R. (2002). Authentic activities and online learning. In A. Goody, J. Herrington, & M. Northcote (Eds.), Quality conversations: Research and Development in Higher Education (Vol. 25, pp. 562–567). HERDSA. Reeves, T. C., Herrington, J., & Oliver, R. (2002). Authentic activities and online learning. In A. Goody, J. Herrington, & M. Northcote (Eds.), Quality conversations: Research and Development in Higher Education (Vol. 25, pp. 562–567). HERDSA.
go back to reference Renzulli, J. S., Gentry, M., & Reis, S. M. (2004). A time and a place for authentic learning. Educational Leadership, 62(1), 73–77. Renzulli, J. S., Gentry, M., & Reis, S. M. (2004). A time and a place for authentic learning. Educational Leadership, 62(1), 73–77.
go back to reference Robinson, K. S. (2017). How graduate teaching assistants experience teaching preparation for higher education: A symbolic interactionist study (Order No. 10753506). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (2006947722). Robinson, K. S. (2017). How graduate teaching assistants experience teaching preparation for higher education: A symbolic interactionist study (Order No. 10753506). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (2006947722).
go back to reference Roman, T., Kelsey, K., & Lin, H. (2010). Enhancing online education through instructor skill development in higher education. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 13(4), 1–9. Roman, T., Kelsey, K., & Lin, H. (2010). Enhancing online education through instructor skill development in higher education. Online Journal of Distance Learning Administration, 13(4), 1–9.
go back to reference Rule, A. C. (2006). The components of authentic learning. Journal of Authentic Learning, 3(1), 1–10. Rule, A. C. (2006). The components of authentic learning. Journal of Authentic Learning, 3(1), 1–10.
go back to reference Schunk, D. (1985). Self-efficacy and classroom learning. Psychology in the Schools, 22(2), 208–223.CrossRef Schunk, D. (1985). Self-efficacy and classroom learning. Psychology in the Schools, 22(2), 208–223.CrossRef
go back to reference Schunk, D. (1999). Social-self interaction and achievement behavior. Educational Psychologist, 34(4), 219–227.CrossRef Schunk, D. (1999). Social-self interaction and achievement behavior. Educational Psychologist, 34(4), 219–227.CrossRef
go back to reference Schunk, D., Hanson, A., & Cox, P. (1987). Peer-model attributes and children’s achievement behaviors. Journal of Educational Psychology, 79(1), 54–61.CrossRef Schunk, D., Hanson, A., & Cox, P. (1987). Peer-model attributes and children’s achievement behaviors. Journal of Educational Psychology, 79(1), 54–61.CrossRef
go back to reference Seaman, J. E., Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2018). Grade Increase: Tracking Distance Education in the United States. Babson Survey Research Group. Seaman, J. E., Allen, I. E., & Seaman, J. (2018). Grade Increase: Tracking Distance Education in the United States. Babson Survey Research Group.
go back to reference Smith, K. M. (2010). Producing the rigorous design case. International Journal of Designs for Learning, 1(1), 9–20. Smith, K. M. (2010). Producing the rigorous design case. International Journal of Designs for Learning, 1(1), 9–20.
go back to reference Song, M. (2019). Learning online for teaching online: A formative program evaluation of a hybrid faculty training program [Document No. 13901617] [Doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh]. Proquest Dissertations Publishing. Song, M. (2019). Learning online for teaching online: A formative program evaluation of a hybrid faculty training program [Document No. 13901617] [Doctoral dissertation, University of Pittsburgh]. Proquest Dissertations Publishing.
go back to reference Usher, E. L., & Pajares, F. (2008). Sources of self-efficacy in school: Critical review of the literature and future directions. Review of Educational Research, 78(4), 751–796.CrossRef Usher, E. L., & Pajares, F. (2008). Sources of self-efficacy in school: Critical review of the literature and future directions. Review of Educational Research, 78(4), 751–796.CrossRef
go back to reference Van Dinther, M., Dochy, F., & Segers, M. (2011). Factors affecting students’ self-efficacy in higher education. Educational Research Review, 6(2), 95–108.CrossRef Van Dinther, M., Dochy, F., & Segers, M. (2011). Factors affecting students’ self-efficacy in higher education. Educational Research Review, 6(2), 95–108.CrossRef
go back to reference Vinlove, K. (2011). A model for continuous training and mentoring of adjunct business faculty. (Manuscript NC11066). Park University, Parkville, MO. Vinlove, K. (2011). A model for continuous training and mentoring of adjunct business faculty. (Manuscript NC11066). Park University, Parkville, MO.
go back to reference Weaver, D., Robbie, D., & Borland, R. (2008). The practitioner’s model: Designing a professional development program for online learning. International Journal on ELearning, 7(4), 759–774. Weaver, D., Robbie, D., & Borland, R. (2008). The practitioner’s model: Designing a professional development program for online learning. International Journal on ELearning, 7(4), 759–774.
go back to reference Williams, L. S. (1991). The effects of a comprehensive teaching assistant training program on teaching anxiety and effectiveness. Research in Higher Education, 32(5), 585–598.CrossRef Williams, L. S. (1991). The effects of a comprehensive teaching assistant training program on teaching anxiety and effectiveness. Research in Higher Education, 32(5), 585–598.CrossRef
go back to reference Zimmerman, B. (2002). Becoming a self-regulated learner: An overview. Theory into Practice, 41(2), 64–70. CrossRef Zimmerman, B. (2002). Becoming a self-regulated learner: An overview. Theory into Practice, 41(2), 64–70. CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Authentic Learning Experiences to Improve Online Instructor’s Performance and Self-Efficacy: The Design of an Online Mentoring Program
Authors
Victoria L. Lowell
Mohan Yang
Publication date
29-09-2022
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
TechTrends / Issue 1/2023
Print ISSN: 8756-3894
Electronic ISSN: 1559-7075
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-022-00770-5

Other articles of this Issue 1/2023

TechTrends 1/2023 Go to the issue

Premium Partner