13-04-2021 | Correction
Correction to: Economic Self-Interest and Americans’ Redistributive, Class, and Racial Attitudes: The Case of Economic Insecurity
Published in: Political Behavior | Issue 2/2021
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Excerpt
The original version of this article unfortunately contained a mistake in Tables 1, 2 and 3. The Tables continued page contains the incorrect column headers. The corrected Tables 1, 2, 3 are given below.
A. Government should reduce income differences (Disagree strongly to agree strongly; 5 categories)
|
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Past worse
|
0.139
(0.120)
|
0.153
(0.152)
|
|||
Future worse
|
− 0.249*
(0.136)
|
− 0.293*
(0.166)
|
|||
Job insecure
|
0.223*
(0.129)
|
0.173
(0.140)
|
|||
Financial anxiety
|
0.251***
(0.095)
|
0.178
(0.138)
|
|||
National economy
|
− 0.015
(0.127)
|
0.088
(0.126)
|
0.027
(0.152)
|
0.011
(0.122)
|
0.017
(0.164)
|
Ideology
|
− 1.249***
(0.165)
|
− 1.276***
(0.165)
|
− 1.127***
(0.194)
|
− 1.240***
(0.170)
|
− 1.100***
(0.197)
|
Party ID
|
− 0.720***
(0.110)
|
− 0.687***
(0.108)
|
− 0.783***
(0.139)
|
− 0.699***
(0.111)
|
− 0.790***
(0.139)
|
Racial resentment
|
− 0.890***
(0.109)
|
− 0.902***
(0.109)
|
− 1.098***
(0.149)
|
− 0.913***
(0.111)
|
− 1.110***
(0.150)
|
Constant
|
5.058***
(0.164)
|
5.151***
(0.155)
|
5.189***
(0.198)
|
4.965***
(0.166)
|
5.151***
(0.208)
|
N
|
2639
|
2624
|
1773
|
2643
|
1761
|
Log likelihood
|
− 4287.739
|
− 4257.384
|
− 2848.719
|
− 4291.214
|
− 2824.694
|
B. Government should provide jobs and income (Should let each person get ahead on own; 7 categories)
|
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Past worse
|
0.216
(0.154)
|
0.098
(0.209)
|
|||
Future worse
|
0.284
(0.175)
|
0.337
(0.221)
|
|||
Job insecure
|
0.236
(0.218)
|
0.070
(0.221)
|
|||
Financial anxiety
|
0.382**
(0.147)
|
0.329*
(0.193)
|
|||
National economy
|
0.435**
(0.178)
|
0.433**
(0.180)
|
0.399*
(0.230)
|
0.447**
(0.179)
|
0.261
(0.225)
|
Ideology
|
− 1.347***
(0.200)
|
− 1.304***
(0.200)
|
− 1.272***
(0.269)
|
− 1.308***
(0.198)
|
− 1.214***
(0.264)
|
Party ID
|
− 1.240***
(0.164)
|
− 1.257***
(0.163)
|
− 1.429***
(0.203)
|
− 1.219***
(0.164)
|
− 1.433***
(0.204)
|
Racial resentment
|
− 1.307***
(0.171)
|
− 1.297***
(0.171)
|
− 1.419***
(0.196)
|
− 1.344***
(0.170)
|
− 1.450***
(0.199)
|
Constant
|
5.749***
(0.189)
|
5.722***
(0.197)
|
5.881***
(0.215)
|
5.630***
(0.192)
|
5.660***
(0.245)
|
N
|
2481
|
2466
|
1673
|
2484
|
1661
|
Log likelihood
|
− 4708.169
|
− 4679.224
|
− 3139.532
|
− 4708.193
|
− 3112.322
|
C. How much opportunity to get ahead? (A great deal to None; 5 categories)
|
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Past worse
|
0.739***
(0.095)
|
0.296**
(0.138)
|
|||
Future worse
|
0.571***
(0.129)
|
0.325**
(0.160)
|
|||
Job insecure
|
0.413***
(0.118)
|
0.062
(0.118)
|
|||
Financial anxiety
|
0.960***
(0.079)
|
0.840***
(0.101)
|
|||
National economy
|
0.442***
(0.120)
|
0.539***
(0.117)
|
0.593***
(0.141)
|
0.521***
(0.110)
|
0.368***
(0.129)
|
Ideology
|
− 0.270
(0.178)
|
− 0.236
(0.176)
|
− 0.225
(0.196)
|
− 0.154
(0.167)
|
− 0.130
(0.184)
|
Party ID
|
− 0.219*
(0.118)
|
− 0.226*
(0.116)
|
− 0.206
(0.150)
|
− 0.170
(0.114)
|
− 0.229
(0.143)
|
Racial resentment
|
− 0.289***
(0.106)
|
− 0.261**
(0.108)
|
− 0.297**
(0.132)
|
− 0.372***
(0.104)
|
− 0.388***
(0.127)
|
Constant
|
3.355***
(0.122)
|
3.429***
(0.115)
|
3.525***
(0.152)
|
3.111***
(0.116)
|
3.138***
(0.149)
|
N
|
2648
|
2632
|
1779
|
2652
|
1766
|
Log likelihood
|
− 3889.283
|
− 3875.653
|
− 2609.387
|
− 3827.411
|
− 2520.210
|
A. Big business (0–100)
|
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Past worse
|
− 8.146***
(2.150)
|
− 5.099
(3.136)
|
|||
Future worse
|
− 9.128***
(2.551)
|
− 6.311*
(3.457)
|
|||
Job insecure
|
− 1.339
(2.471)
|
1.322
(2.653)
|
|||
Financial anxiety
|
− 6.303***
(1.751)
|
− 5.031**
(2.170)
|
|||
National economy
|
− 0.141
(2.494)
|
− 1.364
(2.698)
|
− 4.886
(3.545)
|
− 2.197
(2.602)
|
− 1.774
(3.651)
|
Ideology
|
16.970***
(3.280)
|
17.098***
(3.384)
|
17.323***
(4.097)
|
16.559***
(3.290)
|
17.046***
(4.166)
|
Party ID
|
5.932**
(2.446)
|
5.697**
(2.496)
|
7.418**
(3.288)
|
5.417**
(2.497)
|
7.524**
(3.355)
|
Racial resentment
|
12.384***
(2.504)
|
12.008***
(2.480)
|
11.485***
(3.126)
|
12.889***
(2.508)
|
11.756***
(3.133)
|
Constant
|
26.421***
(3.198)
|
27.120***
(3.066)
|
23.429***
(4.148)
|
27.491***
(3.163)
|
27.842***
(4.211)
|
N
|
2630
|
2615
|
1772
|
2634
|
1759
|
Log likelihood
|
− 11,936.720
|
− 11,874.480
|
− 8039.639
|
− 11,961.300
|
− 7965.974
|
B. Rich people (0–100)
|
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Past worse
|
− 5.528**
(2.208)
|
− 1.541
(3.146)
|
|||
Future worse
|
− 9.906***
(2.283)
|
− 7.797**
(3.154)
|
|||
Job insecure
|
− 4.253*
(2.307)
|
− 2.745
(2.573)
|
|||
Financial anxiety
|
− 5.489***
(1.383)
|
− 2.362
(1.863)
|
|||
National economy
|
− 1.037
(2.380)
|
− 1.059
(2.259)
|
− 3.225
(2.770)
|
− 2.032
(2.224)
|
− 0.970
(2.857)
|
Ideology
|
12.643***
(2.917)
|
12.790***
(2.919)
|
12.909***
(3.783)
|
12.142***
(2.883)
|
12.368***
(3.727)
|
Party ID
|
7.939***
(1.988)
|
7.655**
(1.996)
|
7.704***
(2.210)
|
7.599***
(1.991)
|
7.957***
(2.213)
|
Racial resentment
|
4.232**
(1.772)
|
4.002**
(1.765)
|
5.591**
(2.350)
|
4.682***
(1.751)
|
5.539**
(2.289)
|
Constant
|
32.501***
(2.673)
|
33.732***
(2.470)
|
29.289***
(3.183)
|
33.617***
(2.602)
|
32.506***
(3.249)
|
N
|
2626
|
2611
|
1766
|
2630
|
1754
|
Log likelihood
|
− 11,744.270
|
− 11,666.570
|
− 7867.140
|
− 11,759.450
|
− 7801.811
|
C. Poor people (0–100)
|
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Past worse
|
1.374
(2.007)
|
− 1.594
(2.602)
|
|||
Future Worse
|
− 2.069
(2.469)
|
− 2.083
(3.010)
|
|||
Job Insecure
|
− 1.839
(2.211)
|
− 3.294
(2.458)
|
|||
Financial anxiety
|
4.191**
(1.714)
|
4.537**
(2.267)
|
|||
National economy
|
− 2.455
(2.084)
|
− 1.881
(2.079)
|
− 3.610
(2.972)
|
− 2.922
(2.033)
|
− 3.204
(3.022)
|
Ideology
|
1.349
(3.056)
|
1.566
(3.126)
|
2.384
(3.741)
|
2.073
(3.063)
|
2.913
(3.779)
|
Party ID
|
− 3.358*
(1.907)
|
− 3.400*
(1.934)
|
− 3.791
(2.353)
|
− 3.297*
(1.898)
|
− 3.685
(2.367)
|
Racial resentment
|
− 11.753***
(1.875)
|
− 12.012***
(1.858)
|
− 12.605***
(2.339)
|
− 12.128***
(1.864)
|
− 13.232***
(2.294)
|
Constant
|
71.660***
(2.909)
|
73.065***
(2.767)
|
72.977***
(3.442)
|
70.253***
(2.720)
|
72.504***
(3.714)
|
N
|
2627
|
2613
|
1768
|
2631
|
1756
|
Log likelihood
|
− 11,672.620
|
− 11,610.890
|
− 7858.365
|
− 11,685.420
|
− 7802.503
|
A. Racial Resentment (0–1)
|
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Past worse
|
0.094***
(0.035)
|
0.059
(0.045)
|
|||
Future worse
|
0.013
(0.031)
|
− 0.017
(0.042)
|
|||
Job insecure
|
0.016
(0.028)
|
− 0.032
(0.029)
|
|||
Financial anxiety
|
0.107***
(0.023)
|
0.109***
(0.030)
|
|||
National economy
|
0.124***
(0.027)
|
0.153***
(0.026)
|
0.139***
(0.030)
|
0.135***
(0.025)
|
0.112***
(0.033)
|
Ideology
|
0.351***
(0.034)
|
0.354***
(0.034)
|
0.327***
(0.040)
|
0.364***
(0.034)
|
0.337***
(0.040)
|
Party ID
|
0.158***
(0.022)
|
0.159***
(0.022)
|
0.220***
(0.029)
|
0.161***
(0.022)
|
0.217***
(0.029)
|
Constant
|
0.225***
(0.032)
|
0.248***
(0.030)
|
0.240***
(0.035)
|
0.196***
(0.031)
|
0.189***
(0.038)
|
N
|
2036
|
2025
|
1367
|
2038
|
1358
|
Log likelihood
|
39.590
|
30.445
|
63.551
|
49.924
|
77.749
|
B. How likely whites unable to find a job because minorities hired instead? (Not at all likely to Extremely likely; 5 categories)
|
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Past worse
|
0.003
(0.117)
|
− 0.293*
(0.166)
|
|||
Future worse
|
0.201
(0.153)
|
0.278
(0.200)
|
|||
Job insecure
|
0.114
(0.118)
|
− 0.135
(0.124)
|
|||
Financial anxiety
|
0.622***
(0.104)
|
0.699***
(0.149)
|
|||
National economy
|
0.524***
(0.146)
|
0.494***
(0.149)
|
0.563***
(0.164)
|
0.415***
(0.145)
|
0.523***
(0.174)
|
Ideology
|
0.030
(0.166)
|
0.024
(0.165)
|
− 0.210
(0.213)
|
0.143
(0.165)
|
− 0.120
(0.204)
|
Party ID
|
0.140
(0.128)
|
0.141
(0.127)
|
0.283
(0.175)
|
0.156
(0.129)
|
0.320*
(0.175)
|
Racial resentment
|
1.446***
(0.114)
|
1.446***
(0.115)
|
1.429***
(0.145)
|
1.349***
(0.114)
|
1.340***
(0.144)
|
Constant
|
1.483***
(0.137)
|
1.441***
(0.127)
|
1.362***
(0.159)
|
1.183***
(0.136)
|
1.115***
(0.159)
|
N
|
2000
|
1988
|
1342
|
2001
|
1333
|
Log likelihood
|
− 2934.050
|
− 2914.806
|
− 1950.976
|
− 2905.458
|
− 1917.084
|
C. How likely that immigration levels take jobs away from people already here? (Not at all likely to Extremely likely; 4 categories)
|
|||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Past worse
|
0.217**
(0.091)
|
− 0.046
(0.118)
|
|||
Future worse
|
0.240**
(0.111)
|
0.192
(0.142)
|
|||
Job insecure
|
0.259**
(0.119)
|
0.101
(0.122)
|
|||
Financial anxiety
|
0.469***
(0.086)
|
0.381***
(0.117)
|
|||
National economy
|
0.793***
(0.118)
|
0.818***
(0.115)
|
0.742***
(0.130)
|
0.787***
(0.114)
|
0.690***
(0.138)
|
Ideology
|
0.070
(0.119)
|
0.047
(0.119)
|
− 0.093
(0.155)
|
0.137
(0.119)
|
− 0.044
(0.157)
|
Party ID
|
0.175*
(0.098)
|
0.184*
(0.098)
|
0.366***
(0.114)
|
0.195**
(0.097)
|
0.377***
(0.115)
|
Racial Resentment
|
1.049***
(0.109)
|
1.076***
(0.107)
|
1.065***
(0.130)
|
0.993***
(0.109)
|
1.009***
(0.131)
|
Constant
|
1.106***
(0.117)
|
1.108***
(0.119)
|
0.993***
(0.119)
|
0.939***
(0.110)
|
0.839***
(0.117)
|
N
|
2031
|
2020
|
1365
|
2033
|
1356
|
Log Likelihood
|
− 2600.409
|
− 2580.552
|
− 1733.157
|
− 2581.815
|
− 1707.853
|