Top

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance

Published in:

09-10-2018

Effect of Zinc Interlayer in Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties in Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum to Titanium

Authors: Amlan Kar, Satish V. Kailas, Satyam Suwas

Published in: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance | Issue 11/2018

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

The welding of aluminum (Al) and titanium (Ti) is difficult and challenging due to the differences in their chemical and physical properties, and the formation of brittle intermetallic phases. In the present experiment, a zinc (Zn) interlayer was used during friction stir welding of Al to Ti. The weld was characterized in detail to understand the mechanisms associated with microstructural evolution and improvement in mechanical properties of the weld. X-ray computed tomography results reveal three-dimensional distribution of particles and flakes of titanium in the weld nugget. It was also observed that Ti particles are inhomogeneously distributed in the weld and the distribution depends on their morphology. Such a distribution of Ti was informative in understanding material flow. In addition, the consolidation of Zn in the Al matrix reveals the nature of material flow in the weld nugget as well. The importance of the Zn interlayer and mechanism of phase formation was explored in this study. It was characterized that the mechanical mixing of Zn with Al and Ti alters phase evolution and restricts the formation of conventional Al₃Ti intermetallic phase. The presence of zinc homogenizes elemental distribution and inhibits the formation of brittle intermetallic phases, which leads to a substantial improvement in mechanical properties of the weld.

previous article Study on Texture Evolution and Shear Behavior of an Al/Ni/Cu Composite

next article Formation of Lamellar Carbides in Alloy 617-HAZ and Their Role in the Impact Toughness of Alloy 617/9%Cr Dissimilar Welded Joint

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

T. Saeid, A. Abdollah-zadeh, and B. Sazgari, Weldability and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Aluminum–Copper Lap Joints Made by Friction Stir Welding, J. Alloys Compd., 2010, 490, p 652–655CrossRef

Z. Liu, S. Ji, and X. Meng, Improving Joint Formation and Tensile Properties of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum and Magnesium Alloys by Solving the Pin Adhesion Problem, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2018, 27, p 1404–1413CrossRef

R. Borrisutthekul, Y. Miyashita, and Y. Mutoh, Dissimilar Material Laser Welding Between Magnesium Alloy AZ31B and Aluminum Alloy A5052-O, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 2005, 6, p 199–204CrossRef

H.-B. Chen, K. Yan, T. Lin, S.-B. Chen, C.-Y. Jiang, and Y. Zhao, The Investigation of Typical Welding Defects for 5456 Aluminum Alloy Friction Stir Welds, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2006, 433, p 64–69CrossRef

P. Liu, Y. Li, H. Geng, and J. Wang, Microstructure Characteristics in TIG Welded Joint of Mg/Al Dissimilar Materials, Mater. Lett., 2007, 61, p 1288–1291CrossRef

S.-Y. Kim, S.-B. Jung, C.-C. Shur, Y.-M. Yeon, and D.-U. Kim, Mechanical Properties of Copper to Titanium Joined by Friction Welding, J. Mater. Sci., 2003, 38, p 1281–1287CrossRef

M.K.A. Fuji, T.H. North, K. Ameyama, and M. Aki, Mechanical Properties of Titanium-5083 Aluminum Alloy Friction Joints, Mater. Sci. Technol., 1997, 13, p 673–678CrossRef

U. Dressler, G. Biallas, and U. Alfaro Mercado, Friction Stir Welding of Titanium Alloy TiAl6V4 to Aluminium Alloy AA2024-T3, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2009, 526, p 113–117CrossRef

Y.C. Chen and K. Nakata, Microstructural Characterization and Mechanical Properties in Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum and Titanium Dissimilar Alloys, Mater. Des., 2009, 30, p 469–474CrossRef

10.

Q. Zheng, X. Feng, Y. Shen, G. Huang, and P. Zhao, Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding of 6061 Al to 316 Stainless Steel Using Zn as a Filler Metal, J. Alloys Compd., 2016, 686, p 693–701CrossRef

11.

A. Fuji, K. Ameyama, and T.H. North, Influence of Silicon in Aluminium on the Mechanical Properties of Titanium/Aluminium Friction Joints, J. Mater. Sci., 1995, 30, p 5185–5191CrossRef

12.

D. Yang, P. Hodgson, and C. Wen, The Kinetics of Two-Stage Formation of TiAl₃ in Multilayered Ti/Al Foils Prepared by Accumulative Roll Bonding, Intermetallics, 2009, 17, p 727–732CrossRef

13.

I. Gunduz, T. Ando, E. Shattuck, P. Wong, and C. Doumanidis, Enhanced Diffusion and Phase Transformations During Ultrasonic Welding of Zinc and Aluminum, Scr. Mater., 2005, 52, p 939–943CrossRef

14.

V. Maier, H.W. Höppel, and M. Göken, Nanomechanical Behaviour of Al-Ti Layered Composites Produced by Accumulative Roll Bonding, J. Phys. Conf. Ser., 2010, 240, p 012108CrossRef

15.

G. Çam, G. İpekoğlu, and H. Tarık Serindağ, Effects of Use of Higher Strength Interlayer and External Cooling on Properties of Friction Stir Welded AA6061-T6 Joints, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2014, 19, p 715–720CrossRef

16.

K.S. Anil Kumar, S.M. Murigendrappa, and H. Kumar, A Bottom-Up Optimization Approach for Friction Stir Welding Parameters of Dissimilar AA2024-T351 and AA7075-T651 Alloys, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2017, 26, p 3347–3367CrossRef

17.

N. Nadammal, S.V. Kailas, and S. Suwas, A Bottom-Up Approach for Optimization of Friction Stir Processing Parameters: A Study on Aluminium 2024-T3 alloy, Mater. Des., 2015, 65, p 127–138CrossRef

18.

A. Kar, S. Suwas, and S.V. Kailas, Two-Pass Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum Alloy to Titanium Alloy: A Simultaneous Improvement in Mechanical Properties, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2018, 733, p 199–210CrossRef

19.

K.-S. Bang, K.-J. Lee, H.-S. Bang, and H.-S. Bang, Interfacial Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Dissimilar Friction Stir Welds between 6061-T6 Aluminum and Ti-6%Al-4%V Alloys, Mater. Trans., 2011, 52, p 974–978CrossRef

20.

H. Uzun, C. Dalle Donne, A. Argagnotto, T. Ghidini, and C. Gambaro, Friction Stir Welding of Dissimilar Al 6013-T4 To X5CrNi18-10 Stainless Steel, Mater. Des., 2005, 26, p 41–46CrossRef

21.

A. Wu, Z. Song, K. Nakata, J. Liao, and L. Zhou, Interface and Properties of the Friction Stir Welded Joints of Titanium Alloy Ti6Al4V with Aluminum Alloy 6061, Mater. Des., 2015, 71, p 85–92CrossRef

22.

G. Buffa, L. Donati, L. Fratini, and L. Tomesani, Solid State Bonding in Extrusion and FSW: Process Mechanics and Analogies, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2006, 177, p 344–347CrossRef

23.

Z. Song, K. Nakata, A. Wu, J. Liao, and L. Zhou, Influence of Probe Offset Distance on Interfacial Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Butt Welded Joint of Ti6Al4V and A6061 Dissimilar Alloys, Mater. Des., 2014, 57, p 269–278CrossRef

24.

P. Cavaliere, F. Panella, Effect of Tool Position on the Fatigue Properties of Dissimilar 2024-7075 Sheets Joined by Friction Stir Welding, J. Mater. Process. Technol., 2008, 206, p 249–255CrossRef

25.

K.S. Kumar, Positional Dependence of Material Flow in Friction Stir Welding: Analysis of Joint Line Remnant and Its Relevance to Dissimilar Metal Welding, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2010, 15, p 305–311CrossRef

26.

M. Pourali, A. Abdollah-zadeh, T. Saeid, and F. Kargar, Influence of Welding Parameters on Intermetallic Compounds Formation in Dissimilar Steel/Aluminum Friction Stir Welds, J. Alloys Compd., 2017, 715, p 1–8CrossRef

27.

Q. Zhang, B.L. Xiao, and Z.Y. Ma, Mechanically Activated Effect of Friction Stir Processing in Al–Ti Reaction, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2013, 139, p 596–602CrossRef

28.

M. Sujata, S. Bhargava, and S. Sangal, On the Formation of TiAl₃ During Reaction Between Solid Ti and Liquid Al, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 1997, 16, p 1175–1178

29.

M. Sujata, S. Bhargava, S. Suwas, and S. Sangal, On Kinetics of TiAl₃ Formation During Reaction Synthesis from Solid Ti and Liquid Al, J. Mater. Sci. Lett., 2001, 20, p 2207–2209CrossRef

30.

K. Kumar and S.V. Kailas, On the Role of Axial Load and the Effect of Interface Position on the Tensile Strength of a Friction Stir Welded Aluminium Alloy, Mater. Des., 2008, 29, p 791–797CrossRef

31.

A. Abdollah-Zadeh, T. Saeid, and B. Sazgari, Microstructural and Mechanical Properties of Friction Stir Welded Aluminum/Copper Lap Joints, J. Alloys Compd., 2008, 460, p 535–538CrossRef

32.

T.U. Seidel and A.P. Reynolds, Two-Dimensional Friction Stir Welding Process Model Based on Fluid Mechanics, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2003, 8, p 175–183CrossRef

33.

A. Fuji, In Situ Observation of Interlayer Growth During Heat Treatment of Friction Weld Joint Between Pure Titanium and Pure Aluminium, Sci. Technol. Weld. Join., 2002, 7, p 413–416CrossRef

34.

Y. Wei, J. Li, J. Xiong, F. Huang, F. Zhang, and S.H. Raza, Joining Aluminum to Titanium Alloy by Friction Stir Lap Welding with Cutting Pin, Mater. Charact., 2012, 71, p 1–5CrossRef

35.

M. Kreimeyer, F. Wagner, and F. Vollertsen, Laser Processing of Aluminum–Titanium-Tailored Blanks, Opt. Lasers Eng., 2005, 43, p 1021–1035CrossRef

36.

J.L. Murray, The Ti-Zn (Titanium–Zinc) System, Bull. Alloy Phase Diagr., 1984, 5, p 52–56CrossRef

37.

W.-S. Lee and C.-F. Lin, Plastic Deformation and Fracture Behaviour of Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Loaded with High Strain Rate Under Various Temperatures, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 1998, 241, p 48–59CrossRef

38.

A. Kar, S. Suwas, and S.V. Kailas, An Investigation on Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum to Titanium Using a Nickel Interlayer, Indian Institute of Welding-International Congress, 2017

39.

E. Sharghi and A. Farzadi, Simulation of Strain Rate, Material Flow, and Nugget Shape During Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding of AA6061 Aluminum Alloy and Al-Mg2Si Composite, J. Alloys Compd., 2018, 748, p 953–960CrossRef

40.

X. Sauvage, G. Wilde, S.V. Divinski, Z. Horita, and R.Z. Valiev, Grain Boundaries in Ultrafine Grained Materials Processed by Severe Plastic Deformation and Related Phenomena, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2012, 540, p 1–12CrossRef

41.

V.I. Nizhenko, Free Surface Energy as a Criterion for the Sequence of Intermetallic Layer Formation in Reaction Couples, Powder Metall. Met. Ceram., 2004, 43, p 273–279CrossRef

Title: Effect of Zinc Interlayer in Microstructure Evolution and Mechanical Properties in Dissimilar Friction Stir Welding of Aluminum to Titanium
Authors: Amlan Kar
Satish V. Kailas
Satyam Suwas
Publication date: 09-10-2018
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance / Issue 11/2018
Print ISSN: 1059-9495
Electronic ISSN: 1544-1024
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-018-3697-8

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 11/2018

The Influence of Pr and Nd Substitution on Hydrogen Storage Properties of Mechanically Alloyed (La,Mg)2Ni7-Type Alloys

Study on Texture Evolution and Shear Behavior of an Al/Ni/Cu Composite

Enhanced Strength of 304 SS-Ti6Al4V Laser-Welded Joints Containing Composite Interlayers

Dry-Sliding Tribological Properties of TiAl Alloys and Ti2AlN/TiAl Composites at High Temperature

Corrosion Performance of Composite MAO/TiO2 Sol–Gel Coatings on Magnesium Alloy AZ91D

Grain Refinement, Microstructure and Mechanical Properties Homogeneity of Mg-Gd-Y-Nd-Zr Alloy During Multidirectional Forging

Premium Partners