Entrepreneurship and Organizational Change

Entrepreneurship is a fundamental characteristic of successful organizations and impacts their overall performance in the marketplace. Increasingly, more attention is given to the way innovation and creative capabilities can be managed in organisations in order to increase their competitiveness. The aim of this chapter is to discuss the role entrepreneurship plays in organisational change as a way of moving forward the literature on behavioural intentions. This means focusing on dynamic capabilities that embed an innovative perspective in terms of enabling creative change.

This chapter focuses on the role of innovativeness and competitiveness in Polish service enterprises. An econometric analysis was done that focused on the average scores related to threats resulting from services market liberalization in the opinion of enterprises according to the size of the enterprise and type of services. Both the benefits and threats resulting from the liberalization of the services market of Polish service enterprises operating on the markets of other CEEC differed with regard to the size of the enterprise and the type of services provided. Suggestions for future research are included together with managerial implications.

The aim of the paper is to ascertain whether the blockchain technology represents a functional tool for better governance of the tourism system. Innovation adoption has been widely debated among scholars in order to identify variables and models that boost adoption processes within touristic firms. Although the blockchain technology is at its first stage of development, thanks to instruments such as cryptocurrencies, smart contracts, and decentralized applications, it has already a significant impact on tourism business deals. The paper is based on selective literature on the topic and aims at providing a brief review of its progress. It also offers a number of suggestions for research directions yet to be adequately investigated. The innovative factor of the paper lies in offering a complete overview of the current extent of application of the theories of blockchain technology in tourist sector.

Women entrepreneurship is the emerging phenomenon of twenty-first century. Women are working hard to not raise their living standard but also support their families. A lot of work has been done in developed countries regarding women entrepreneurship. It is necessary to find out what are the issues women must face in emerging economies. The purpose of this study is to review the literature on women entrepreneurship in emerging economies especially SAARC countries in last 23 years. This study will also critique the extant body of women entrepreneurship. With the help of identified aggregate dimensions, future studies will be shaped. A systematic literature review (SLR) has been undertaken across 23 journals present on the database SCOPUS. The initial search shows a total of 180 articles on the topic of interest. After refining the articles, a total of 76 articles have been selected to perform SLR. GIOIA methodology has been used to analyze the data of 76 articles. First-order concepts were collected directly from the articles. Second-order themes have been shaped on the basis of first-order concepts. Hence, aggregate dimensions have been made to summarize and contextualize the whole analysis. Separate analysis has been done on emerging economies and for the SAARC countries. Within the 76 articles of emerging economies, articles were separated based on the countries of SAARC Region. A total of 30 articles were obtained. Analysis has been done to study the context of South Asia in particular. This SLR finds that every region has its own social and cultural challenges affecting differently to women entrepreneurs. The dynamics of developing countries are very different from developed countries. The key elements of the future research implications of this study call for more qualitative and quantitative research. It will help to provide more insights a holistic view of the real stories and will help to understand the phenomena better. This paper presents the SLR of women entrepreneurship in emerging economies in focus to SAARC countries. This paper only describes, analyzes and critiques the existing literature found on a database SCOPUS. It also highlights the areas where there is a huge gap in literature. Hence the topic of interest has been established as worthy investigation in its own right. In the end, SLR provides future research directions in studying the phenomena of women entrepreneurship in emerging economies.

Information Technology (IT) is crucial for many innovations in products, services, and processes around the globe. However, IT is growing in importance in the share of energy consumption in the world. As a reaction to this negative effect, the so-called Green IT movement emerged. This field of study is aimed to reduce IT-related energy consumption and overall IT environmental impact including a variety of aspects like power consumption, lower carbon emissions and their environmental impact. One of the leading technologies in the IT arena is Reality technologies including Virtual Reality (VR), Augmented Reality (AR), and Mixed Reality (MR). These technologies have impacted sectors like Real Estate, Education, Healthcare, Marketing, Travel and Manufacturing, citing just some of the most relevant application areas. Taking into account the importance of these technologies and the expected impact in the future, authors conducted a systematic literature review devoted to investigate their “greenability”. Authors are aware of the importance of the topic and aim to identify, evaluate, and synthesize research published concerning aspects like energy consumption and eco-effectiveness of main reality technologies. By searching five major bibliographic databases, 5596 articles related to the topic were identified and 49 of these papers were selected as primary studies.

This chapter presents a critical review of the existing organ donation literature. The objective of this chapter is to identify the main gaps in the current body of literature on the organ donation context and the marketing discipline. This chapter initially discusses social marketing within the context of organ donation for social change. Following on, this chapter provides a systematic quantitative literature review of the existing organ donation studies from the period of 1985–2019. Then, this chapter details and discusses the review method. The literature review findings include the geographical distribution of 262 peer-reviewed organ donation studies around the world; the frequency of published articles over the period 1985–2019; the disciplinary scope of these studies; the sample characteristics; and the key theories and models used to inform organ donation studies. Finally, this chapter concludes with a discussion of the main limitations of existing organ donation studies.

This case study demonstrates how a franchisor tailors the franchising service to maximise the effectiveness of the franchising relationship. The research uses an ethnographic approach to examine the relationship between a franchisor and several mature franchisees in a service industry franchise. It is well known that franchisees progress through various phases during the relationship. In this study, we focus on how and why mature franchisees differ in their attitudes and performance from immature franchisees, and we examine how the franchisor manages franchisees to maximise their potential. This study has developed a framework that describes the challenges and solutions for managing mature franchisees. The research reveals that franchisors need to keep experienced franchisees motivated and challenged if they are to remain dynamic operators within the system. On top of that, franchisors must remember the importance of transparency, and ensure the right recruitment of area managers whom the franchisees could trust and communicate with effectively. Additionally, there is a need to recognise that each franchisee is unique and must be managed individually, which involves recognising the stage of development through which the franchisee is progressing.

This chapter provides a comprehensive review of the most dominant theories that have been widely applied in the organ donation and social change context, as well as presents the main strengths and limitations of these theories. The review included the Social Cognitive Theory (SCT); the Prospect theory (PT); the Theory of Reasoned Action (TRA); and Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB). This review serves to identify the gap of the current literature. This chapter provides a solid theoretical foundation and has initiated further pathways for future researchers who are interested in the fields of organ donation, social marketing and social change literature, as well as cognitive decision-making theory. In particular, the current review also advances social marketing and health care literature evidencing how theories can inform and guide the research.

Scholars have long sought to address the challenging question as to why some individuals start their own business and engage in entrepreneurship, while others do not. Yet it is this entrepreneurship that plays a vital part in social and economic development. It is not surprising then that research has focused on determining what leads to entrepreneurial intention. This article explores why some intend to become entrepreneurs, while others are reluctant. Ajzen’s Theory of Planned Behaviour was employed in order to decipher the intentional behaviours. A convenient sample of 467 university students were surveyed. Findings suggest (not surprisingly) that business students have a higher propensity to create their own businesses than do non-business students. Males are more likely to create their own business, as do international students. Using Factor Analysis and Structural Equation Modelling, findings indicate that behavioural, normative and perceived control beliefs have a significant positive effect on the intention to become an entrepreneur. Perceived Control Beliefs have the highest impact on intention, followed by Behavioural Beliefs and Normative Beliefs, respectively. Some practical implications and directions for future research are discussed.

There has been an increasing amount of interest in startups due to their ability to change the economic and social conditions of a country. Australia as a country is investing more effort into startups as a way to increase international competitiveness. The aim of this chapter is to discuss some successful startups in a range of sectors including the beauty, clothing and education sector. By providing a case study analysis of each company, it can help to provide feedback about lessons learnt and how to improve in the future. Conclusions are stated that highlight the importance of developing a startup culture.