Top

Asia Pacific Journal of Management

Published in:

15-08-2018

How family firm characteristics affect internationalization of Chinese family SMEs

Authors: Xueru Yang, Jun Li, Laura J. Stanley, Franz W. Kellermanns, Xinchun Li

Published in: Asia Pacific Journal of Management | Issue 2/2020

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

This study investigates the effect of family characteristics on the internationalization activities of Chinese family small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) using a socioemotional wealth perspective. We suggest that family ownership negatively affects international expansion. Results using a sample of 1542 Chinese family SMEs support our hypothesis that there is a negative relationship between family ownership and international activities. Due to mixed findings in previous studies, we not only focus on both export intensity and export propensity, but also introduce family firm characteristics (i.e., presence of founder CEOs and family succession intention) as moderators. We argue that these moderators capture a temporal aspect of socioemotional wealth (SEW) and find that they strengthen the negative relationship between family ownership and internationalization. Our study contributes to family firm internationalization research by disentangling the relationship between family firm characteristics and internationalization, as well as SEW research.

previous article Technological capabilities and international expansion: the moderating role of family and non-family firms’ social capital

next article A values-based analysis of bifurcation bias and its impact on family firm internationalization

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

The team is led by an array of governmental and nongovernmental organizations including All-China Federation of Industry and Commerce, the United Front Work Department of CPC Central Committee, and State Administration for Industry and Commerce. Two authors of this paper participated in designing and administering this questionnaire.

Alessandri, T. M., Cerrato, D., & Eddleston, K. A. 2018. The mixed gamble of internationalization in family and nonfamily firms: The moderating role of organizational slack. Global Strategy Journal, 8(1): 46–72.CrossRef

Allison, P. D. 1999. Comparing logit and probit coefficients across groups. Sociological Methods & Research, 28(2): 186–208.CrossRef

Anderson, R., & Reeb, D. 2003. Founding-family ownership and firm performance: Evidence from S&P 500. Journal of Finance, 58(3): 1301–1327.

Arregle, J.-L., Naldi, L., Nordqvist, M., & Hitt, M. A. 2012. Internationalization of family-controlled firms: A study of the effects of external involvement in governance. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 36(6): 1115–1143.

Arregle, J.-L., Duran, P., Hitt, M. A., & Essen, M. 2017. Why is family firms’ internationalization unique? A meta-analysis. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 41(5): 801–831.

Banalieva, E. R., & Eddleston, K. A. 2011. Home-region focus and performance of family firms: The role of family vs non-family leaders. Journal of International Business Studies, 42(8): 1060–1072.CrossRef

Banalieva, E. R., Eddleston, K. A., & Zellweger, T. M. 2015. When do family firms have an advantage in transitioning economies? Toward a dynamic institution-based view. Strategic Management Journal, 36(9): 1358–1377.CrossRef

Bernerth, J. B., & Aguinis, H. 2016. A critical review and best-practice recommendations for control variable usage. Personnel Psychology, 69(1): 229–283.CrossRef

Berrone, P., Cruz, C., & Gómez-Mejía, L. R. 2012. Socioemotional wealth in family firms: Theoretical dimensions, assessment approaches, and agenda for future research. Family Business Review, 25(3): 258–279.CrossRef

Bian, Y., & Logan, J. R. 1996. Market transition and the persistence of power: The changing stratification system in urban China. American Sociological Review, 61(5): 739–758.CrossRef

Block, J. H. 2012. R&D investments in family and founder firms: An agency perspective. Journal of Business Venturing, 27(2): 248–265.CrossRef

Boellis, A., Mariotti, S., Minichilli, A., & Piscitello, L. 2016. Family involvement and firms’ establishment mode choice in foreign markets. Journal of International Business Studies, 47(8): 929–950.CrossRef

Bonaccorsi, A. 1992. On the relationship between firm size and export intensity. Journal of International Business Studies, 23(4): 605–635.CrossRef

Bourgeois, L. J. 1981. On the measurement of organizational slack. Academy of Management Review, 6(1): 29–39.CrossRef

Campopiano, G., De Massis, A., & Chirico, F. 2014. Firm philanthropy in small-and medium-sized family firms: The effects of family involvement in ownership and management. Family Business Review, 27(3): 244–258.CrossRef

Carney, M. 2005. Corporate governance and competitive advantage in family-controlled firms. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 29(3): 249–266.

Carney, M., van Essen, M., Gedajlovic, E. R., & Heugens, P. P. M. A. R. 2015. What do we know about private family firms? A meta-analytical review. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 39(3): 513–544.

Carpenter, M. A., & Fredrickson, J. W. 2001. Top management teams, global strategic posture, and the moderating role of uncertainty. Academy of Management Journal, 44(3): 533–545.

Chang, S.-J., Van Witteloostuijn, A., & Eden, L. 2010. From the editors: Common method variance in international business research. Journal of International Business Studies, 41(2): 178–184.CrossRef

Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., & Kellermanns, F. W. 2009. Priorities, resource stocks, and performance in family and non-family firms. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 33(3): 739–760.

Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., & Litz, R. 2004. Comparing the agency costs of family and non-family firms: Conceptual issues and exploratory evidence. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 28(4): 335–354.

Chrisman, J. J., Chua, J. H., Pearson, A. W., & Barnett, T. 2012. Family involvement, family influence, and family-centered non-economic goals in small firms. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 36(2): 267–293.

Chrisman, J. J., & Patel, P. J. 2012. Variations in R&D investments of family and non-family firms: Behavioral agency and myopic loss aversion perspectives. Academy of Management Journal, 55(4): 976–997.CrossRef

Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., & Chang, E. P. C. 2004. Are family firms born or made? An exploratory investigation. Family Business Review, 17(1): 37–54.CrossRef

Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., & De Massis, A. 2015. A closer look at socioemotional wealth: Its flows, stocks, and prospects for moving forward. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 39(2): 173–182.

Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., Kellermanns, F. W., & Wu, Z. 2011. Agency problems of borrowed social and financial capital: Resolution in new ventures through family involvement. Journal of Business Venturing, 26(4): 472–488.CrossRef

Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., & Sharma, P. 2003. Succession and nonsuccession concerns of family firms and agency relationship with nonfamily managers. Family Business Review, 16(2): 89–107.CrossRef

Chua, J. H., Chrisman, J. J., Steier, L. P., & Rau, S. B. 2012. Sources of heterogeneity in family firms: An introduction. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 36(6): 1103–1113.

Claver, E., Rienda, L., & Quer, D. 2009. Family firms’ international commitment: The influence of family-related factors. Family Business Review, 22(2): 125–135.CrossRef

Cruz, C. C., Gómez-Mejía, L. R., & Becerra, M. 2010. Perceptions of benevolence and the design of agency contracts: CEO-TMT relationships in family firms. Academy of Management Journal, 53(1): 69–89.CrossRef

De Massis, A., Frattini, F., Majocchi, A., & Piscitello, L. 2018. Family firms in the global economy: Toward a deeper understanding of internationalizaiton determinants, processes and outcomes. Global Strategy Journal, 8(1): 3–21.CrossRef

Debicki, B., Kellermanns, F. W., Chrisman, J. J., Pearson, A. W., & Spencer, B. 2016. Development of a socioemotional wealth importance (SEWi) scale for family firm research. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 7(1): 47–57.CrossRef

Dierickx, I., & Cool, K. 1989. Asset stock accumulation and sustainability of competitive advantage. Management Science, 35(12): 1504–1514.CrossRef

Eddleston, K. A., Kellermanns, F. W., Floyd, S. W., Crittenden, V. L., & Crittenden, W. F. 2013. Planning for growth: Life stage differences in family firms. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 37(5): 1177–1202.

Fang, H., Kotlar, J., Memili, E., Chrisman, J. J., & De Massis, A. 2018. The pursuit of international opportunities in family firms: Generational differences and the role of knowledge-based resources. Global Strategy Journal, 8(1): 136–157.CrossRef

Farh, J. L., & Cheng, B. S. 2000. A cultural analysis of paternalistic leadership in Chinese organizations. In J. T. Li, A. S. Tsui, & E. Weldon (Eds.). Management and organizations in the Chinese context: 84–127. London: Macmillan.CrossRef

Fatemi, A. M. 1984. Shareholder benefits from corporate international diversification. Journal of finance, 39(5): 1325–1344.CrossRef

Fernández, Z., & Nieto, M. J. 2005. Internalization strategy of small and medium-sized family businesses: Some influential factors. Family Business Review, 18(1): 77–89.CrossRef

Fernández, Z., & Nieto, M. J. 2006. Impact of ownership on the international involvement of SMEs. Journal of International Business Studies, 37(3): 340–351.CrossRef

Fernández, Z., & Nieto, M. J. 2014. Internationalization of family firms. In L. Melin, M. Nordqvist, & P. Sharma (Eds.). The Sage handbook of family business: 403–422. London: Sage.

Frank, H., Kessler, A., Rusch, T., Suess-Reyes, J., & Weismeier-Sammer, D. 2017. Capturing the familiness of family businesses: Development of the family influence familiness scale (FIFS). Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 41(5): 709–742.

Fung, H.-G., Gao, G. Y., Lu, J., & Maon, H. 2008. Impact of competitive position on export propensity and intensity: An empricial study of manufacturing firms in China. Chinese Economy, 41(5): 51–67.

Ganotakis, P., & Love, J. H. 2012. Export propensity, export intensity and firm performance: The role of the entrepreneurial founding team. Journal of International Business Studies, 43(8): 693–718.CrossRef

Ge, J., Stanley, L. J., Eddleston, K., & Kellermanns, F. W. 2017. Institutional deterioration and entrepreneurial investment: The role of political connections. Journal of Business Venturing, 32(4): 405–419.CrossRef

Gedajlovic, E., Carney, M., Chrisman, J. J., & Kellermanns, F. W. 2012. The adolescence of family firm research: Taking stock and planning for the future. Journal of Management, 38(4): 1010–1037.CrossRef

Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Campbell, J. T., Martin, G., Hoskisson, R. E., Makri, M., & Sirmon, D. G. 2014. Socioemotional wealth as a mixed gamble: Revisiting family firm R&D investments with the behavioral agency model. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 38(6): 1351–1374.

Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Cruz, C., Berrone, P., & De Castro, J. 2011. The bind that ties: Socioemotional wealth preservation in family firms. Academy of Management Annals, 5(1): 653–707.CrossRef

Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Haynes, K. T., Núñez-Nickel, M., Jacobson, K. J. L., & Moyano-Fuentes, H. 2007. Socioemotional wealth and business risk in family-controlled firms: Evidence from Spanish olive oil mills. Administrative Science Quarterly, 52(1): 106–137.CrossRef

Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Makri, M., & Larraza-Kintana, M. 2010. Diversification decisions in family-controlled firms. Journal of Management Studies, 47(2): 223–252.CrossRef

Gómez-Mejía, L. R., Patel, P. C., & Zellweger, T. M. 2015. In the horns of the dilemma: Socioemotional wealth, financial wealth, and acquisitions in family firms. Journal of Management, 44(4): 1369–1397.CrossRef

Graves, C., & Shan, Y. G. 2013. An empirical analysis of the effect of internationalization on the performance of unlisted family and nonfamily firms in Australia. Family Business Review, 27(2): 142–160.CrossRef

Graves, C., & Thomas, J. 2006. Internationalization of Australian family businesses: A managerial capabilities perspective. Family Business Review, 19(3): 207–224.CrossRef

Hair, J. F., Black, B., Babin, B., & Anderson, R. E. 2010. Multivariate data analysis, 6th ed. Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall.

Harman, H. H. 1967. Modern factor analysis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.

Hauck, J., Suess-Reyes, J., Beck, S., Prügl, R., & Frank, H. 2016. Measuring socioemotional wealth in family-owned and -managed firms: A validation and short form of the FIBER Scale. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 7(3): 133–148.CrossRef

Hitt, M. A., Bierman, L., Uhlenbruck, K., & Shimizu, K. 2006. The importance of resources in the internationalization of professional service firms: The good, the bad, and the ugly. Academy of Management Journal, 49(6): 1137–1157.CrossRef

Hoffmann, C., Jaskiewicz, P., Wulf, T., & Combs, J. G. forthcoming. The effect of transgenerational control intention on family firm performance: It depends who pursues it. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1177/1042258717730025.

Hofstede, G. 2001. Culture’s consequences: Comparing values, behavior, institutions, and organizations across nations, 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks: Sage.

Holt, D. T., Rutherford, M. W., & Kuratko, D. F. 2010. Advancing the field of family business research: Further testing the measurement properties of the F-PEC. Family Business Review, 23(1): 76–88.CrossRef

Jaskiewicz, P., Combs, J. G., & Rau, S. B. 2015. Entrepreneurial legacy: Toward a theory of how some family firms nurture transgenerational entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 30(1): 29–49.CrossRef

Jia, N., & Mayer, K. J. 2017. Political hazards and firms’ geographic concentration. Strategic Management Journal, 38(2): 203–231.CrossRef

Jones, J. A., & Waller, N. G. 2013. Computing confidence intervals for standardized regression coefficients. Psychological Methods, 18(4): 435–453.CrossRef

Karlson, K. B., Holm, A., & Breen, R. 2012. Comparing regression coefficients between same-sample nested models using logit and probit: A new method. Sociological Methodology, 42(1): 286–313.CrossRef

Kellermanns, F. W., Eddleston, K., Barnett, T., & Pearson, A. W. 2008. An exploratory study of family member characteristics and involvement: Effects on entrepreneurial behavior in the family firm. Family Business Review, 21(1): 1–14.CrossRef

Kellermanns, F. W., Eddleston, K., & Zellweger, T. 2012. Extending the socioemotional wealth perspective: A look at the dark side. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 36(6): 1175–1182.

Keupp, M. M., & Gassmann, O. 2009. The past and the future of international entrepreneurship: A review and suggestions for developing the field. Journal of Management, 35(3): 600–633.CrossRef

Koropp, C., Kellermanns, F. W., Grichnik, D., & Stanley, L. 2014. Financial decision making in family firms: An adaptation of the theory of planned behavior. Family Business Review, 27(4): 307–324.CrossRef

Kraus, S., Mensching, H., Calabrò, A., Cheng, C.-F., & Filser, M. 2016. Family firm internationalization: A configurational approach. Journal of Business Research, 69(11): 5473–5478.CrossRef

Le Breton-Miller, I., & Miller, D. 2013. Socioemotional wealth across the family life cycle: A commentary on “Family business survival and the role of boards.” Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 37(6): 1391–1397.

Li, H., Meng, L., Wang, Q., & Zhou, L. 2008. Political connections, financing and firm performance: Evidence from Chinese private firms. Journal of Development Economics, 87(2): 283–299.CrossRef

Li, J., & Tang, Y. I. 2010. CEO hubris and firm risk taking in China: The moderating role of managerial discretion. Academy of Management Journal, 53(1): 45–68.CrossRef

Li, W., Au, K. Y. F., He, A., & Song, L. 2015. Why do family-controlled firms donate to charity? The role of intrafamily succession intention, social status, and religiosity. Management and Organization Review, 11(4): 621–644.CrossRef

Liang, X., Wang, L., & Cui, Z. 2014. Chinese private firms and internationalization effects of family involvement in management and family ownership. Family Business Review, 27(2): 126–141.CrossRef

Lin, W.-T., & Liu, Y. 2012. Successor characteristics, organisational slack, and change in the degree of firm internationalisation. International Business Review, 21(1): 89–101.CrossRef

Liu, Y., Lin, W.-T., & Cheng, K.-Y. 2011. Family ownership and the international involvement of Taiwan’s high-technology firms: The moderating effect of high-discretion organizational slack. Management and Organization Review, 7(2): 201–222.CrossRef

Mazzola, P., Sciascia, S., & Kellermanns, F. W. 2013. Non-linear effects of family sources of power on performance. Journal of Business Research, 66(4): 568–574.CrossRef

McFadden, D. 1976. The revealed preferences of a government bureaucracy: Empirical evidence. Bell Journal of Economics, 7(1): 55–72.

Merino, F., Monreal-Pérez, J., & Sánchez-Marín, G. 2015. Family SMEs’ internationalization: Disentangling the influence of familiness on Spanish firms’ export activity. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4): 1164–1184.CrossRef

Miller, D., & Le Breton-Miller, I. 2014. Deconstructing socioemotional wealth. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 38(4): 713–720.

Miller, D., Le Breton-Miller, I., & Lester, R. H. 2010. Family ownership and acquisition behavior in publicly traded companies. Strategic Management Journal, 31(2): 201–223.

Miller, D., Le Breton-Miller, I., & Lester, R. H. 2011. Family and lone founder ownership and strategic behaviors: Social contexts, identity, and institutional logics. Journal of Management Studies, 48(1): 1–25.

Miller, D., Le Breton-Miller, I., & Lester, R. H. 2013. Family firm governance, strategic conformity, and performance: Institutional vs. strategic perspective. Organization Science, 24(1): 189–209.CrossRef

Miller, D., Le Breton-Miller, I., Lester, R. H., & Cannella, A. A. 2007. Are family firms really superior performers?. Journal of Corporate Finance, 13(5): 829–858.

Minetti, R., Murro, P., & Zhu, S. C. 2015. Family firms, corporate governance and export. Economica, 82(1): 1177–1216.CrossRef

Minichilli, A., Nordqvist, M., Corbetta, G., & Amore, M. D. 2014. CEO succession mechanisms, organizational context, and performance: A socio-emotional wealth perspective on family controlled firms. Journal of Management Studies, 51(7): 1153–1179.

Mitter, C., Duller, C., Feldbauer-Durstmüller, B., & Kraus, S. 2012. Internationalization of family firms: The effect of ownership and governance. Review of Managerial Science, 8(1): 1–28.CrossRef

Molly, V., Laveren, E., & Deloof, M. 2010. Family business succession and its impact on financial structure and performance. Family Business Review, 23(2): 131–147.CrossRef

Nadkarni, S., & Perez, P. D. 2007. Prior conditions and early international commitment: The mediating role of domestic mindset. Journal of International Business Studies, 38(1): 160–176.CrossRef

Naldi, L., Cennamo, C., Corbetta, G., & Gomez-Mejia, L. R. 2013. Preserving socioemotional wealth in family firms: Asset or liability? The moderating role of business context. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 37(6): 1341–1360.

Nelson, T. 2003. The persistence of founder influence: Management, ownership, and performance effects at initial public offering. Strategic Management Journal, 24(8): 707–724.CrossRef

Patel, P. C., & Chrisman, J. J. 2014. Risk abatement as a strategy for R&D investments in family firms. Strategic Management Journal, 36(4): 617–627.CrossRef

Peng, M. W., Li, Y., Xie, E., & Su, Z. 2010. CEO duality, organizational slack, and firm performance in China. Asia Pacific Journal of Management, 27(4): 611–624.CrossRef

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. 2003. Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(5): 879–903.CrossRef

Pukall, T. J., & Calabrò, A. 2014. The internationalization of family firms: A critical review and integrative model. Family Business Review, 27(2): 103–125.CrossRef

Ray, S., Mondal, A., & Ramachandran, K. 2018. How does family involvement affect a firm’s internationalization? An investigation of Indian family firms. Global Strategy Journal, 8(1): 73–105.CrossRef

Reuber, A. R., & Fischer, E. 1997. The influence of the management team’s international experience on the internationalization behaviors of SMEs. Journal of International Business Studies, 28(4): 807–825.CrossRef

Sanchez-Bueno, M. J., & Usero, B. 2014. How may the nature of family firms explain the decisions concerning international diversification?. Journal of Business Research, 67(7): 1311–1320.

Schulze, W. S., & Kellermanns, F. W. 2015. Reifying socioemotional wealth. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 39(3): 447–459.

Schulze, W. S., Lubatkin, M. H., & Dino, R. N. 2003. Toward a theory of agency and altruism in family firms. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(4): 473–490.CrossRef

Sciascia, S., Mazzola, P., Astrachan, J. H., & Pieper, T. M. 2012. The role of family ownership in international entrepreneurship: Exploring nonlinear effects. Small Business Economics Journal, 38(1): 15–31.CrossRef

Sciascia, S., Mazzola, P., & Kellermanns, F. W. 2014. Family management and profitability in private family-owned firms: Introducing generational stage and the socioemotional wealth perspective. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 5(2): 131–137.CrossRef

Sharma, P., Chrisman, J. J., & Chua, J. H. 2003. Succession planning as planned behavior: Some empirical results. Family Business Review, 16(1): 1–15.CrossRef

Sharma, P., & Irving, P. G. 2005. Four bases of family business successor commitment: Antecedents and consequences. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 20: 13–33.

Shepherd, D., & Wiklund, J. 2009. Are we comparing apples with apples or apples with oranges? Appropriateness of knowledge accumulation across growth studies. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 33(1): 105–123.

Sluhan, A. 2017. Familiness, socioemotional wealth, and internationalization of family firms: A review of capabilities and motivations in different modes of internationalization. In F. W. Kellermanns, & F. Hoy (Eds.). The Routledge companion to family business: 118–142. New York: Routledge.

Stanley, L. J., Kellermanns, F. W., & Zellweger, T. 2017. Latent profile analysis: Understanding family firm profiles. Family Business Review, 30(1): 84–102.CrossRef

Stewart, A., & Hitt, M. A. 2012. Why can’t a family business be more like a nonfamily business? Modes of professionalization in family firms. Family Business Review, 25(1): 58–86.CrossRef

Wasserman, N. 2003. Founder-CEO succession and the paradox of entrepreneurial success. Organization Science, 14(2): 149–172.CrossRef

Westhead, P., Wright, M., & Ucbasaran, D. 2002. The internationalization of new and small firms: A resource-based view. Journal of Business Venturing, 16(4): 333–358.CrossRef

Wolff, J. A., & Pett, T. L. 2000. Internationalization of small firms: An examination of export competitive patterns, firm size, and export performance. Journal of Small Business Management, 38(2): 34–47.

Zahra, S. A. 2003. International expansion of U.S. manufacturing family businesses: The effect of ownership and involvement. Journal of Business Venturing, 18(4): 495–512.CrossRef

Zahra, S. A. 2005. Entrepreneurial risk taking in family firms. Family Business Review, 18(1): 23–40.CrossRef

Zellweger, T. M. 2007. Time horizon, costs of equity capital and generic investment strategies of firms. Family Business Review, 20(1): 1–15.CrossRef

Zellweger, T. M., Eddleston, K. A., & Kellermanns, F. W. 2010. Exploring the concept of familiness: Introducing family firm identity. Journal of Family Business Strategy, 1(1): 54–63.CrossRef

Zellweger, T. M., Kellermanns, F. W., Chrisman, J. J., & Chua, J. H. 2012. Family control and family firm valuation by family CEOs: The importance of intentions for transgenerational control. Organization Science, 23(3): 851–868.CrossRef

Zhao, H., & Zou, S. 2002. The impact of industry concentration and firm location on export propensity and intensity: An empirical analysis of Chinese manufacturing firms. Journal of International Marketing, 10(1): 52–71.CrossRef

Title: How family firm characteristics affect internationalization of Chinese family SMEs
Authors: Xueru Yang
Jun Li
Laura J. Stanley
Franz W. Kellermanns
Xinchun Li
Publication date: 15-08-2018
Publisher: Springer US
Published in: Asia Pacific Journal of Management / Issue 2/2020
Print ISSN: 0217-4561
Electronic ISSN: 1572-9958
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10490-018-9579-7

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Other articles of this Issue 2/2020

Entrepreneurs in post-sanctions Iran: Innovation or imitation under conditions of perceived environmental uncertainty?

How does an intra-family succession effect strategic change and performance in China’s family firms?

The internationalization of innovation towards the South: A historical case study of a global pharmaceutical corporation in China (1993–2017)

Technological capabilities and international expansion: the moderating role of family and non-family firms’ social capital

The curvilinear relationship between job satisfaction and employee voice: Speaking up for the organization and the self

Correction to: Special Section of Familial Organizations and International Business: Individual, Organizational and Institutional Variety in and beyond Asia