Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability 1/2021

02-11-2020

Item position effects in listening but not in reading in the European Survey of Language Competences

Authors: Andrés Christiansen, Rianne Janssen

Published in: Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability | Issue 1/2021

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

In contrast with the assumptions made in standard measurement models used in large-scale assessments, students’ performance may change during the test administration. This change can be modeled as a function of item position in case of a test booklet design with item-order manipulations. The present study used an explanatory item response theory (IRT) framework to analyze item position effects in the 2012 European Survey on Language Competences. Consistent item position effects were found for listening but not for reading. More specifically, for a large subset of items, item difficulty decreased along with item position, which is known as a practice effect. The effect was found across all tested languages, although the effect sizes varied across items, test levels, and countries.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 340 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Versicherung + Risiko




Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Appendix
Available only for authorised users
Literature
go back to reference Albano, A.D., Cai, L., Lease, E.M., McConnel, S.R. (2019). Computerized adaptive testing in early education: exploring the impact of item position effects on ability estimation. Journal of Educational Measurement, 56(2), 437–451.CrossRef Albano, A.D., Cai, L., Lease, E.M., McConnel, S.R. (2019). Computerized adaptive testing in early education: exploring the impact of item position effects on ability estimation. Journal of Educational Measurement, 56(2), 437–451.CrossRef
go back to reference Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1–48.CrossRef Bates, D., Mächler, M., Bolker, B., Walker, S. (2015). Fitting linear mixed-effects models using lme4. Journal of Statistical Software, 67(1), 1–48.CrossRef
go back to reference Bejar, I.I. (1985). Test seededness under number-right scoring: an analysis of the test of English as a foreign language (Report No. ETS-RR-85-11). Princeton: Educational Testing Service. Bejar, I.I. (1985). Test seededness under number-right scoring: an analysis of the test of English as a foreign language (Report No. ETS-RR-85-11). Princeton: Educational Testing Service.
go back to reference Bolt, D.M., Cohen, A.S., Wollack, J.A. (2002). Item parameter estimation under conditions of test speededness: application of a mixture Rasch model with ordinal constraints. Journal of Educational Measurement, 39(4), 331–348.CrossRef Bolt, D.M., Cohen, A.S., Wollack, J.A. (2002). Item parameter estimation under conditions of test speededness: application of a mixture Rasch model with ordinal constraints. Journal of Educational Measurement, 39(4), 331–348.CrossRef
go back to reference Cosgrove, J., Cartwright, F. (2014). Changes in achievement on PISA: the case of Ireland and implications for international assessment practice. Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2(1), 2.CrossRef Cosgrove, J., Cartwright, F. (2014). Changes in achievement on PISA: the case of Ireland and implications for international assessment practice. Large-scale Assessments in Education, 2(1), 2.CrossRef
go back to reference Davis, J., & Ferdous, A. (2005). Using item difficulty and item position to measure test fatigue. Montreal: Paper presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.CrossRef Davis, J., & Ferdous, A. (2005). Using item difficulty and item position to measure test fatigue. Montreal: Paper presentation at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association.CrossRef
go back to reference Davis, M.H., & Johnsrude, I.S. (2003). Hierarchical processing in spoken language comprehension. The Journal of Neuroscience, 23(8), 3423–3431.CrossRef Davis, M.H., & Johnsrude, I.S. (2003). Hierarchical processing in spoken language comprehension. The Journal of Neuroscience, 23(8), 3423–3431.CrossRef
go back to reference De Boeck, P., Bakker, M., Zwitser, R., Nivard, M., Hofman, A., Tuerlinckx, F., Partchev, I. (2011). The estimation of item response models with the lmer function from the lme4 package in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 39(12), 1–28.CrossRef De Boeck, P., Bakker, M., Zwitser, R., Nivard, M., Hofman, A., Tuerlinckx, F., Partchev, I. (2011). The estimation of item response models with the lmer function from the lme4 package in R. Journal of Statistical Software, 39(12), 1–28.CrossRef
go back to reference De Boeck, P., & Wilson, M. (2004). Explanatory item response models: a generalized linear and nonlinear approach. New York: Springer.CrossRef De Boeck, P., & Wilson, M. (2004). Explanatory item response models: a generalized linear and nonlinear approach. New York: Springer.CrossRef
go back to reference Debeer, D., Buchholz, J., Hartig, J., Janssen, R. (2014). Student, school, and country differences in sustained test-taking effort in the 2009 PISA reading assessment. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 39(6), 502–523.CrossRef Debeer, D., Buchholz, J., Hartig, J., Janssen, R. (2014). Student, school, and country differences in sustained test-taking effort in the 2009 PISA reading assessment. Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 39(6), 502–523.CrossRef
go back to reference Debeer, D., & Janssen, R. (2013). Modeling item-position effects within an IRT framework. Journal of Educational Measurement, 50(2), 164–185.CrossRef Debeer, D., & Janssen, R. (2013). Modeling item-position effects within an IRT framework. Journal of Educational Measurement, 50(2), 164–185.CrossRef
go back to reference Erb, J., Henry, M.J., Eisner, F., Obleser, J. (2013). The brain dynamics of rapid perceptual adaptation to adverse listening conditions. The Journal of Neuroscience, 33(26), 10688–10697.CrossRef Erb, J., Henry, M.J., Eisner, F., Obleser, J. (2013). The brain dynamics of rapid perceptual adaptation to adverse listening conditions. The Journal of Neuroscience, 33(26), 10688–10697.CrossRef
go back to reference European Commission. (2012). First European Survey on Language Competences: final report. Brussels: Author. European Commission. (2012). First European Survey on Language Competences: final report. Brussels: Author.
go back to reference European Commission. (2012). First European Survey on Language Competences: technical report. Brussels: Author. European Commission. (2012). First European Survey on Language Competences: technical report. Brussels: Author.
go back to reference Goegebeur, Y., De Boeck, P., Wollack, J.A., Cohen, A.S. (2008). A speeded item response model with gradual process change. Psychometrika, 73 (1), 65–87.CrossRef Goegebeur, Y., De Boeck, P., Wollack, J.A., Cohen, A.S. (2008). A speeded item response model with gradual process change. Psychometrika, 73 (1), 65–87.CrossRef
go back to reference Guertin, W.H. (1954). The effect of instructions and item order on the arithmetic subtest of the Wechsler-Bellevue. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 85(1), 79–83.CrossRef Guertin, W.H. (1954). The effect of instructions and item order on the arithmetic subtest of the Wechsler-Bellevue. Journal of Genetic Psychology, 85(1), 79–83.CrossRef
go back to reference Hambleton, R.K., & Traub, R.E. (1974). The effects of item order in test performance and stress. Journal of Experimental Education, 43(1), 40–46.CrossRef Hambleton, R.K., & Traub, R.E. (1974). The effects of item order in test performance and stress. Journal of Experimental Education, 43(1), 40–46.CrossRef
go back to reference Hamilton, J.C., & Shuminsky, T.R. (1990). Self-awareness mediates the relationship between serial position and item reliability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(6), 1301–1037.CrossRef Hamilton, J.C., & Shuminsky, T.R. (1990). Self-awareness mediates the relationship between serial position and item reliability. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 59(6), 1301–1037.CrossRef
go back to reference Hartig, J., & Buchholz, J. (2012). A multilevel item response model for item position effects and individual persistence. Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 54(4), 418–431. Hartig, J., & Buchholz, J. (2012). A multilevel item response model for item position effects and individual persistence. Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 54(4), 418–431.
go back to reference Hohensinn, C., Kubinger, K.D., Reif, M., Holocher-Ertl, S., Khorramdel, L., Frebort, M. (2008). Examining item-position effects in large-scale assessment using the linear logistic test model. Psychology Science Quarterly, 50 (3), 391–402. Hohensinn, C., Kubinger, K.D., Reif, M., Holocher-Ertl, S., Khorramdel, L., Frebort, M. (2008). Examining item-position effects in large-scale assessment using the linear logistic test model. Psychology Science Quarterly, 50 (3), 391–402.
go back to reference Hohensinn, C., Kubinger, K.D., Reif, M., Schleicher, E., Khorramdel, L. (2011). Analysing item position effects due to test booklet design within large-scale assessment. Educational Research and Evaluation, 17(6), 497–509.CrossRef Hohensinn, C., Kubinger, K.D., Reif, M., Schleicher, E., Khorramdel, L. (2011). Analysing item position effects due to test booklet design within large-scale assessment. Educational Research and Evaluation, 17(6), 497–509.CrossRef
go back to reference Jagodzinski, W., Kühnel, S.M., Schmidt, P. (1987). Is there a ‘Socratic effect’ in nonexperimental panel studies. Sociological Methods and Research, 15(3), 259–302.CrossRef Jagodzinski, W., Kühnel, S.M., Schmidt, P. (1987). Is there a ‘Socratic effect’ in nonexperimental panel studies. Sociological Methods and Research, 15(3), 259–302.CrossRef
go back to reference Kingston, N.M., & Dorans, N.J. (1982). The effect of the position of an item within a test on item response behaviour: an analysis based on item response theory. GRE Board Professional Report GREB No. 79-12 bp ETS Research Report. Kingston, N.M., & Dorans, N.J. (1982). The effect of the position of an item within a test on item response behaviour: an analysis based on item response theory. GRE Board Professional Report GREB No. 79-12 bp ETS Research Report.
go back to reference Kingston, N.M., & Dorans, N.J. (1984). Item location effects and their implications for IRT equating and adaptive testing. Applied Psychological Measurement, 8(2), 147–154.CrossRef Kingston, N.M., & Dorans, N.J. (1984). Item location effects and their implications for IRT equating and adaptive testing. Applied Psychological Measurement, 8(2), 147–154.CrossRef
go back to reference Knowles, E.S. (1988). Item context effects on personality scales: measuring changes the measure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(2), 312–320.CrossRef Knowles, E.S. (1988). Item context effects on personality scales: measuring changes the measure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 55(2), 312–320.CrossRef
go back to reference Knowles, E.S., & Byers, B. (1996). Reliability shifts in measurement reactivity: driven by content engagement or self-engagement?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(5), 1080–1090.CrossRef Knowles, E.S., & Byers, B. (1996). Reliability shifts in measurement reactivity: driven by content engagement or self-engagement?. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70(5), 1080–1090.CrossRef
go back to reference McGuire, W.J. (1960). Context and serial-order effects in personality measurement: limits on the generality of measuring changes the measure. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 60(3), 345–353.CrossRef McGuire, W.J. (1960). Context and serial-order effects in personality measurement: limits on the generality of measuring changes the measure. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 60(3), 345–353.CrossRef
go back to reference Meyers, J.L., Miller, G.E., Way, W.D. (2009). Item position and item difficulty change in an IRT-based common item equating design. Applied Measurement in Education, 22(1), 38–60.CrossRef Meyers, J.L., Miller, G.E., Way, W.D. (2009). Item position and item difficulty change in an IRT-based common item equating design. Applied Measurement in Education, 22(1), 38–60.CrossRef
go back to reference Nagy, G., Nagengast, B., Becker, M., Rose, N., Frey, A. (2018). Item position effects in a reading comprehension test: an IRT study of individual differences and individual correlates. Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 60(2), 165–187. Nagy, G., Nagengast, B., Becker, M., Rose, N., Frey, A. (2018). Item position effects in a reading comprehension test: an IRT study of individual differences and individual correlates. Psychological Test and Assessment Modeling, 60(2), 165–187.
go back to reference Nagy, G., Nagengast, B., Frey, A., Becker, M., Rose, N. (2018). A multilevel study of position effects in PISA achievement tests: student- and school-level predictors in the German tracked school system. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 26(4), 422–443. Nagy, G., Nagengast, B., Frey, A., Becker, M., Rose, N. (2018). A multilevel study of position effects in PISA achievement tests: student- and school-level predictors in the German tracked school system. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 26(4), 422–443.
go back to reference Oshima, T.C. (1994). The effect of speededness on parameter estimation in item response theory. Journal of Educational Measurement, 31(3), 200–219.CrossRef Oshima, T.C. (1994). The effect of speededness on parameter estimation in item response theory. Journal of Educational Measurement, 31(3), 200–219.CrossRef
go back to reference R Core Team. (2019). R: a language and environment for statistical computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna. R Core Team. (2019). R: a language and environment for statistical computing, R Foundation for Statistical Computing. Vienna.
go back to reference Ren, X., Wang, T., Altmeyer, M., Schweizer, K. (2014). A learning-based account of fluid intelligence from the perspective of the position effect. Learning and Individual Differences, 31, 30–35.CrossRef Ren, X., Wang, T., Altmeyer, M., Schweizer, K. (2014). A learning-based account of fluid intelligence from the perspective of the position effect. Learning and Individual Differences, 31, 30–35.CrossRef
go back to reference Schweizer, K., Schreiner, M., Gold, A. (2009). The confirmatory investigation of APM items with loadings as a function of the position and easiness of items: a two-dimensional model of APM. Psychology Science, 51(1), 47–64. Schweizer, K., Schreiner, M., Gold, A. (2009). The confirmatory investigation of APM items with loadings as a function of the position and easiness of items: a two-dimensional model of APM. Psychology Science, 51(1), 47–64.
go back to reference Schweizer, K., Troche, S.J., Rammsayer, T.H. (2011). On the special relationship between fluid and general intelligence: new evidence obtained by considering the position effect. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 1249–1254.CrossRef Schweizer, K., Troche, S.J., Rammsayer, T.H. (2011). On the special relationship between fluid and general intelligence: new evidence obtained by considering the position effect. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 1249–1254.CrossRef
go back to reference Steinberg, L. (1994). Context and serial-order effects in personality measurement: limits on the generality of measuring changes the measure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(2), 341–349.CrossRef Steinberg, L. (1994). Context and serial-order effects in personality measurement: limits on the generality of measuring changes the measure. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 66(2), 341–349.CrossRef
go back to reference Swinton, S.S., Wild, C.L., Wallmark, M.M. (1983). Investigation of practice effects on item types in the graduate record examinations aptitude test. Educational Testing Service, Princeton. Swinton, S.S., Wild, C.L., Wallmark, M.M. (1983). Investigation of practice effects on item types in the graduate record examinations aptitude test. Educational Testing Service, Princeton.
go back to reference Verguts, T., & De Boeck, P. (2000). A Rasch model for detecting learning while solving an intelligence test. Applied Psychological Measurement, 24(2), 151–162.CrossRef Verguts, T., & De Boeck, P. (2000). A Rasch model for detecting learning while solving an intelligence test. Applied Psychological Measurement, 24(2), 151–162.CrossRef
go back to reference Whitely, S.E., & Dawis, R.V. (1976). The influence of test context on item difficulty. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 36, 329–337. CrossRef Whitely, S.E., & Dawis, R.V. (1976). The influence of test context on item difficulty. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 36, 329–337. CrossRef
go back to reference Wild, C.J., Yusuf, A., Wilson, D.E., Peelle, J.E., Davis, M.H., Johnsrude, I.S. (2012). Effortful listening: the processing of degraded speech depends critically on attention. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(40), 14010–14021.CrossRef Wild, C.J., Yusuf, A., Wilson, D.E., Peelle, J.E., Davis, M.H., Johnsrude, I.S. (2012). Effortful listening: the processing of degraded speech depends critically on attention. The Journal of Neuroscience, 32(40), 14010–14021.CrossRef
go back to reference Wise, L.L. (1986). Latent trait models for partially speeded tests. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco. Wise, L.L. (1986). Latent trait models for partially speeded tests. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the American Educational Research Association, San Francisco.
go back to reference Wu, Q., Debeer, D., Buchholz, J., Hartig, J., Janssen, R. (2019). Predictors of individual performance changes related to item positions in PISA assessments. Large-scale Assessments in Education, 7(5), 1–21. Wu, Q., Debeer, D., Buchholz, J., Hartig, J., Janssen, R. (2019). Predictors of individual performance changes related to item positions in PISA assessments. Large-scale Assessments in Education, 7(5), 1–21.
go back to reference Yamamoto, K., & Everson, H. (1997). Modeling the effects of test length and test time on parameter estimation using the hybrid model. In Rost, J., & Langeheine, R. (Eds.) Applications of latent trait and latent class models in the social sciences. New York: Waxmann. Yamamoto, K., & Everson, H. (1997). Modeling the effects of test length and test time on parameter estimation using the hybrid model. In Rost, J., & Langeheine, R. (Eds.) Applications of latent trait and latent class models in the social sciences. New York: Waxmann.
go back to reference Yen, W.M. (1980). The extent, causes and importance of context effects on item parameters for two latent trait models. Journal of Educational Measurement, 17(4), 297–311.CrossRef Yen, W.M. (1980). The extent, causes and importance of context effects on item parameters for two latent trait models. Journal of Educational Measurement, 17(4), 297–311.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Item position effects in listening but not in reading in the European Survey of Language Competences
Authors
Andrés Christiansen
Rianne Janssen
Publication date
02-11-2020
Publisher
Springer Netherlands
Published in
Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability / Issue 1/2021
Print ISSN: 1874-8597
Electronic ISSN: 1874-8600
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11092-020-09335-7

Other articles of this Issue 1/2021

Educational Assessment, Evaluation and Accountability 1/2021 Go to the issue