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2006 | Book

Microsystems Mechanical Design

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About this book

Nowadays, micromechanics (i.e., mechanics of microsystems) is probably one of the most promising and rapidly growing fields among new emerging technologies. In fact, the possibility of reducing the size of mechanical structures to the micro-domain opens a wide variety of possible applications in the biomedical, aeronautical, and automotive fields, in robotics, in molecular engineering, in fiber optics, and infiuidics technology. One of the main aspects that slows down the development of innovative industrial products based on microsystem technology is the existing lack of engineering tools to allow a reliable design of microsystems . The aim of this book is that of collecting the texts o the lectures given at the CISM course on: Microsystems Mechanical Design, hold in July 2004. The purpose of this course was to introduce the basic tools used in the mechanical design of microsystems, the fabrication methods for these systems, and several applications of this technology. The links between micro- and nanotechnologies were also discussed and light was shed on the potential applications of microsystems to nano-scale manipulation of matter, thus introducing the topic of nano-scale engineering mechanics, which will be fully explored in a future course. This book is arranged in 8 sections. In the first section an introduction on microsystems and the techniques for their fabrication will be presented, with a thoroughly description of surface and bulk micromachining techniques and of other microfabrication processes as LIGA and anoding bonding.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Introduction to Micro-Systems and to the Techniques for Their Fabrication
Abstract
This chapter presents an introduction to the main manufacturing processes for micro-systems. After a brief historical overview of the field of microsystems, their main manufacturing techniques are reviewed. These include substrate preparation, photolithography, oxidation and diffusion, thin-film deposition, and wet and dry etching techniques. MEMS-specific processes including bulk- and surface-micromachining, LIGA, soft-lithography, and anodic bonding are also presented. The material is illustrated with multiple examples of process parameter calculation. Examples of MEMS devices fabricated in the laboratory of the author are also provided.
Eniko T. Enikov
Microstructures Under Electrostatic Loads: Discrete System Modelling
Abstract
Due to a scaling effect, electrostatic forces, usually negligible at macro-scale, become relevant at micro-scale. It follows that electrostatic actuation is used very often for microsystems. The evaluation of the mechanical behavior of microstructures under electrostatic forces requires a new approach based on a so-called coupled field analysis; in fact, due to electrostatic forces structure exhibits a deformation that generally influences the electrical field and therefore again the electrostatic forces themselves. The case of a single degree of freedom electromechanical system was first considered; as generally the case of continuum structure is developed by referring to a FEM discretisation, the more general case of a multi degrees of freedom system was then considered.
Francesco De Bona
Dynamics of Mechatronic Systems at Microscale
Abstract
Predicting dynamic behavior of nonlinear micromechatronic systems is rather difficult, because of the effects produced by electromechanical coupling, nonlinearities and microscale. This lecture is aimed to introduce basic methods for mechanical design of microelectromechanical systems (MEMs), by means of a test case consisting of an electrostatic microactuator, with few degrees of freedom. A model of the whole microsystem is built, by following a systematic approach, typical of structural mechatronics, dealing with formulation and solution of the equations of motion. Methods herewith presented are already extended to continuous microsystems, applied to numerical methods and implemented in some commercial and academic tools.
Eugenio G. M. Brusa
Continuum Microstructures Loaded Electrostatically
Abstract
Electrostatic actuated flexible structure are frequently encountered in microsystems. The behaviour of these devices is characterized by electromechanical coupling, due to the mutual interaction between the electrostatic field and the deflection of the structure. A common case, frequently analyzed in the literature, is that of cantilever beam loaded electrostatically; in this case different analytical approaches based on a strong simplification of the elctromechanical model are available. If a more accurate analysis has to be performed, methods based on numerical techniques have to be preferred. In this case possible approaches are: lumped models, methods based on a Newton’s non-linear solution scheme, sequential field coupling algorithms.
Francesco De Bona, Mircea Gh. Munteanu
Design of Electro-Thermal Micro-Actuators: Mechanics and Electronic Position Detection
Abstract
This chapter is devoted to the design of electro-thermal micro-actuators with capacitive position feedback. Analytical and finite element solutions of the electro-thermal and thermo-elastic problems are presented. A separate section is devoted to the challenging problem of displacement determination using charge sensitive amplifiers for high-precision capacitance measurements. These are illustrated with examples of electronic measurement circuits tested by the authors.
Kalin V. Lazarov, Eniko T. Enikov
Design of Compliant Micromechanisms
Abstract
A broad overview of the topics related to the mechanical design of compliant micromechanisms is presented. Design methodologies to be used in the design of devices based on leaf springs, flexural notches and continuum structures with distributed compliance are given, and a critical presentation of the peculiarities of these solutions is provided. The extensive bibliographical list is given as means to extend further the study to details of each of the treated topics.
Francesco De Bona, Saša Zelenika
Micro- and Nano-assembly and Manipulation Techniques for MEMS
Abstract
This paper presents a review of the most commonly used techniques for the assembly of micro-systems. Following a brief overview of the dominant forces working at this scale, the operation and design of mechanical, electrostatic, and magnetic micro-grippers is presented. The use of electrostatic forces is further described in the context of nano-assembly, where sub-micron-sized charged spots are used as the anchoring sites for nano-particles.
Eniko T. Enikov
Microfluidics: Device Science and Technology
Abstract
This paper presents the basic concepts related to the newly emerging field of microfluidics. Following a brief introduction of the general conservation and particular laws, three size effects are introduced. The velocity slip boundary condition for gas flows as well as the electrokinetic and polar-mechanics effects for liquid flow in microdomains are introduced. Pressure-driven gas flows and electrokinetically-driven liquid flows in microchannels are analyzed in details. Finally, several flow diagnostic techniques and fabrication of microfluidic systems are described.
Lap Man Lee, Luthur Siu Lun Cheung, Yitshak Zohar
Metadata
Title
Microsystems Mechanical Design
Editors
Francesco De Bona
Eniko T. Enikov
Copyright Year
2006
Publisher
Springer Vienna
Electronic ISBN
978-3-211-48549-1
Print ISBN
978-3-211-37453-5
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-211-48549-1

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