Multi-stage constant current–constant voltage under constant temperature (MSCC-CV-CT) charging technique for lithium-ion batteries in light weight electric vehicles (EVs)

This manuscript proposes a multi-stage constant current–constant voltage under constant temperature (MSCC-CV-CT) charging method by considering the cell temperature as the main metric for the dissipation of lithium-ion batteries. By combining the proposed method with a pulse current charging and series resonant converter, the rise in temperature is further slowed down. The proposed approach uses a closed-loop method to regulate the charging current rather than the thermal environment and battery heat. By simply raising the default temperature, it may simply handle applications that require faster charging. With the growth of improved lithium-ion batteries, the proposed method contains the potential to increase the initial charging current above 2 C, allowing for even quicker charging. This proposed smart charger with the new adaptive control algorithm considers the state of charge (SoC) and internal temperature of the battery as key components to adjust the current and voltage amplitude of battery input. The proposed MSCC-CV-CT charging mechanism uses a multi-stage current charging scheme with a simple, convenient-to-implement intelligent charge controller. In response to the battery temperature, state of charge (SOC), and internal resistance of the battery, the charging current is dynamically adapted using a controller that adversely reflects its aging and thermal condition. The experimental outcome proves that the proposed system reduces the charging time of the battery by 20 percent related to the conventional method.