Skip to main content
Top
Published in: Polymer Science, Series D 4/2019

01-10-2019

The Gradient of Dynamic Mechanical Characteristics across the Thickness of Epoxy Polymers during Environmental Exposure

Authors: V. O. Startsev, M. P. Lebedev, M. V. Molokov, D. R. Nizin

Published in: Polymer Science, Series D | Issue 4/2019

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

Temperature dependences of dynamic modulus of elasticity and dynamic loss modulus of four compositions of epoxy polymers based on 2,2-di-(4-hydroxyphenyl) propane and a cycloaliphatic amine hardener in an initial state and after 3, 6, 9, and 12 months of exposure on an open bench under conditions of moderately warm climate of Gelendzhik. A glass transition temperature determined during a transition from a glassy state to a highly elastic one of epoxy polymers proved to be sensitive to the polymer composition, an amount of sorbed moisture and duration of exposure. Postcuring of polymers, masked by a plasticizing effect of moisture, is discovered. The glass transition temperature of exposed epoxy polymers changes unevenly across the thickness of specimens. Properties of a surface layer facing the sun (on the front side) change to the greatest extent. Methods of dynamic mechanical analysis have good sensitivity and informativeness for a study of non-uniformity of climatic aging across the thickness.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

Literature
1.
go back to reference E. N. Kablov, O. V. Startsev, A. S. Krotov, and V. N. Kirillov, “Climatic aging of composite materials: 1. Aging mechanisms,” Russ. Metall. 2011 (10), 993–1000 (2011).CrossRef E. N. Kablov, O. V. Startsev, A. S. Krotov, and V. N. Kirillov, “Climatic aging of composite materials: 1. Aging mechanisms,” Russ. Metall. 2011 (10), 993–1000 (2011).CrossRef
2.
go back to reference E. N. Kablov, O. V. Startsev, A. S. Krotov, and V. N. Kirillov, “Climatic aging of composite aviation materials: 2. Relaxation of the initial structural nenequilibrium and through thickness gradient of properties,” Russ. Metall. 2011 (10), 1001–1007.CrossRef E. N. Kablov, O. V. Startsev, A. S. Krotov, and V. N. Kirillov, “Climatic aging of composite aviation materials: 2. Relaxation of the initial structural nenequilibrium and through thickness gradient of properties,” Russ. Metall. 2011 (10), 1001–1007.CrossRef
3.
go back to reference E. N. Kablov, O. V. Startsev, A. S. Krotov, and V. N. Kirillov, “Climatic aging of composite aviation materials: 3. Significant aging factors,” Russ. Metall. 2012 (4), 323–329 (2012).CrossRef E. N. Kablov, O. V. Startsev, A. S. Krotov, and V. N. Kirillov, “Climatic aging of composite aviation materials: 3. Significant aging factors,” Russ. Metall. 2012 (4), 323–329 (2012).CrossRef
4.
go back to reference D. Roylance and M. Roylance, “Weathering of fiber-reinforced epoxy composites,” Polym. Eng. Sci. 18, 249–254 (1978).CrossRef D. Roylance and M. Roylance, “Weathering of fiber-reinforced epoxy composites,” Polym. Eng. Sci. 18, 249–254 (1978).CrossRef
5.
go back to reference L. Belec, T. H. Nguyen, D. L. Nguyen, and J. F. Chailan, “Comparative effects of humid tropical weathering and artificial ageing on a model composite properties from nano- to macro-scale,” Compos. Part A 68, 235–241 (2015).CrossRef L. Belec, T. H. Nguyen, D. L. Nguyen, and J. F. Chailan, “Comparative effects of humid tropical weathering and artificial ageing on a model composite properties from nano- to macro-scale,” Compos. Part A 68, 235–241 (2015).CrossRef
6.
go back to reference J. C. M. de Bruijn and H. D. F. Meijer, “The design and application of a microfoil tensile test apparatus for monitoring the degree of ultraviolet degradation of polymers,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 62 1620–1623 (1991).CrossRef J. C. M. de Bruijn and H. D. F. Meijer, “The design and application of a microfoil tensile test apparatus for monitoring the degree of ultraviolet degradation of polymers,” Rev. Sci. Instrum. 62 1620–1623 (1991).CrossRef
7.
go back to reference J. C. M. de Bruijn, “Degradation profiles of thick high-density polyethylene samples after outdoor and artificial weathering,” in Polym. Durab. Degrad. Stab. Lifetime Predict., Ed. by L. Clough, N. C. Billingham, and K. T. Gillen, 1996, pp. 599–620. J. C. M. de Bruijn, “Degradation profiles of thick high-density polyethylene samples after outdoor and artificial weathering,” in Polym. Durab. Degrad. Stab. Lifetime Predict., Ed. by L. Clough, N. C. Billingham, and K. T. Gillen, 1996, pp. 599–620.
8.
go back to reference X. Gu, B. Dickens, D. Stanley, W. E. Byrd, T. Nguyen, I. Vaca-Trigo, W. Q. Meeker, J. Chin, and J. W. Martin, “Linking accelerating laboratory test with outdoor performance results for a model epoxy coating system,” Iowa State Univ., Stat. Prepr. 30, 1–47 (2008). X. Gu, B. Dickens, D. Stanley, W. E. Byrd, T. Nguyen, I. Vaca-Trigo, W. Q. Meeker, J. Chin, and J. W. Martin, “Linking accelerating laboratory test with outdoor performance results for a model epoxy coating system,” Iowa State Univ., Stat. Prepr. 30, 1–47 (2008).
9.
go back to reference X. Gu, Y. Pang, C.-C. Lin, K. Liu, T. Nguyen, and J. W. Chin, “Linking accelerated laboratory and outdoor exposure results for PV polymeric materials: A mechanistic study of EVA,” in SPIE 8825, Reliab. Photovolt. Cells, Modul. Components, Syst. VI, 88250L (2013), pp. 1–15. X. Gu, Y. Pang, C.-C. Lin, K. Liu, T. Nguyen, and J. W. Chin, “Linking accelerated laboratory and outdoor exposure results for PV polymeric materials: A mechanistic study of EVA,” in SPIE 8825, Reliab. Photovolt. Cells, Modul. Components, Syst. VI, 88250L (2013), pp. 1–15.
10.
go back to reference M. Diepens and P. Gijsman, “Outdoor and accelerated weathering studies of bisphenol A polycarbonate,” Polym. Degrad. Stab. 96 (4), 649–652 (2011).CrossRef M. Diepens and P. Gijsman, “Outdoor and accelerated weathering studies of bisphenol A polycarbonate,” Polym. Degrad. Stab. 96 (4), 649–652 (2011).CrossRef
11.
go back to reference X. Lv, Z. Huang, M. Shi, Y. Fan, and G. Gao, “Composition distribution, damping and thermal properties of the thickness-continuous gradient epoxy/polyurethane interpenetrating polymer networks,” Appl. Sci. 7 (2), 135 (2017).CrossRef X. Lv, Z. Huang, M. Shi, Y. Fan, and G. Gao, “Composition distribution, damping and thermal properties of the thickness-continuous gradient epoxy/polyurethane interpenetrating polymer networks,” Appl. Sci. 7 (2), 135 (2017).CrossRef
12.
go back to reference O. V. Startsev, Doctoral Dissertation in Engineering (Moscow, 1990). O. V. Startsev, Doctoral Dissertation in Engineering (Moscow, 1990).
13.
go back to reference O. V. Startsev, A. S. Krotov, and L. T. Startseva, “Interlayer shear strength of polymer composite materials during long term climatic ageing,” Polym. Degrad. Stab. 63, 183–186 (1999).CrossRef O. V. Startsev, A. S. Krotov, and L. T. Startseva, “Interlayer shear strength of polymer composite materials during long term climatic ageing,” Polym. Degrad. Stab. 63, 183–186 (1999).CrossRef
15.
go back to reference O. V. Startsev, V. V. Isupov, and E. F. Nikishin, “The gradient of mechanical characteristics across the thickness of composite laminates after exposure to a low Earth orbit environment,” Polym. Compos. 19, 65–70 (1998).CrossRef O. V. Startsev, V. V. Isupov, and E. F. Nikishin, “The gradient of mechanical characteristics across the thickness of composite laminates after exposure to a low Earth orbit environment,” Polym. Compos. 19, 65–70 (1998).CrossRef
16.
go back to reference O. V. Startsev, À. Y. Makhonkov, I. S. Deev, and E. F. Nikishin, “Dynamic mechanical analysis of KMU-4L carbon fiber reinforced plastic after 12 years of exposure to space environment. 2. Factor of specimens position in multilayer exposed stack,” Vopr. Materialoved., No. 4, 61–68 (2013). O. V. Startsev, À. Y. Makhonkov, I. S. Deev, and E. F. Nikishin, “Dynamic mechanical analysis of KMU-4L carbon fiber reinforced plastic after 12 years of exposure to space environment. 2. Factor of specimens position in multilayer exposed stack,” Vopr. Materialoved., No. 4, 61–68 (2013).
17.
go back to reference B. D. Man, Development of Composite Materias Based on Epoxyurethane Oligomers with Improved Performance Qualities (D. I. Mendeleev Univ. Chem. Technol. Russ., 2014). B. D. Man, Development of Composite Materias Based on Epoxyurethane Oligomers with Improved Performance Qualities (D. I. Mendeleev Univ. Chem. Technol. Russ., 2014).
19.
go back to reference V. O. Startsev, T. A. Nizina, and O. V. Startsev, “A colour criterion of the climatic ageing of an epoxy polymer,” Int. Polym. Sci. Technol. 43, 45–48 (2016).CrossRef V. O. Startsev, T. A. Nizina, and O. V. Startsev, “A colour criterion of the climatic ageing of an epoxy polymer,” Int. Polym. Sci. Technol. 43, 45–48 (2016).CrossRef
Metadata
Title
The Gradient of Dynamic Mechanical Characteristics across the Thickness of Epoxy Polymers during Environmental Exposure
Authors
V. O. Startsev
M. P. Lebedev
M. V. Molokov
D. R. Nizin
Publication date
01-10-2019
Publisher
Pleiades Publishing
Published in
Polymer Science, Series D / Issue 4/2019
Print ISSN: 1995-4212
Electronic ISSN: 1995-4220
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1134/S1995421219040154

Other articles of this Issue 4/2019

Polymer Science, Series D 4/2019 Go to the issue

Premium Partners