Top

Microsystem Technologies

Published in:

06-08-2018 | Technical Paper

Towards modular binary to gray converter design using LTEx module of quantum-dot cellular automata

Authors: Chiradeep Mukherjee, Saradindu Panda, Asish Kumar Mukhopadhyay, Bansibadan Maji

Published in: Microsystem Technologies | Issue 5/2019

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config

AI-assisted search

Off

Abstract

A modular approach to realize the ultra-fast quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA) generic binary to gray converter is presented in this paper. The novel designs here validated fully exploit the intrinsic repetitive capabilities of the Layered T Exclusive OR (LTEx) module in the QCA domain. An efficient logic formulation of QCA design metrics like O-Cost and delay is proposed for the n-bit QCA binary to gray converter designs. The QCA implementation of n-bit LTEx binary to gray converter is compared with the conventional converters. An attempt has been made to enhance the speed of modular binary to gray converter designs. The proposed 4, 8, 16, 32, 64-bit binary to gray converters need 4.35, 15.88, 15.96, 15.7, 16.68% less O-cost and 11.57, 2.61, 9.32, 12.64, 29.25% less effective area, respectively. Thus the proposed layouts offer the smaller feature size, reduced circuit complexity exploiting the modular based design approach. The simulation results have been carried out in the renowned computer aided design tool, namely QCADesigner 2.0.3 with gallium arsenide heterostructure based parameter environment.

previous article Toffoli Netlist and QCA implementations for existing four variable reversible gates: a comparative analysis

next article Special issue on the 6th international multi-conference on engineering and technology innovation (IMETI 2017)

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 102.000 Bücher
über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Finance + Banking
Management + Führung
Marketing + Vertrieb
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

über 67.000 Bücher
über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

Automobil + Motoren
Bauwesen + Immobilien
Business IT + Informatik
Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Abedi D, Jaberipur G (2015) Coplanar QCA serial adder and multiplier via clock-zone based crossover. 18th CSI International Symposium on Computer Architecture and Digital Systems (CADS). https://doi.org/10.1109/cads.2015.7377791

Abedi D, Jaberipur G (2018) Decimal full adders specially designed for quantum-dot cellular automata. IEEE Trans Circuits Syst II Express Briefs 65(1):106–110. https://doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2017.2703942 CrossRef

Ahmad F, Md. Bhat G, Ahmad PZ, Khan HA, Farooq R (2015) Design of N-Bit code converter using quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). Adv Sci Eng Med 7:1–8. https://doi.org/10.1166/asem.2015.1677 CrossRef

Ahmed F, Bhat GM (2014) Novel code converters based on quantum-dot cellular automata (QCA). Int J Sci Res 3:364–371 Paper ID: 020131715

Beigh MR, Mustafa M (2014) Design and simulation of efficient code converter circuits for quantum-dot cellular automata. J Comput Theor Nanosci 11:2564–2569. https://doi.org/10.1166/jctn.2014.3673 CrossRef

Berzon D, Fountain TJ (1999) A memory design in QCAs using the SQUARES formalism, Proceedings of ninth great lakes symposium on VLSI. Ypsilanti, MI, pp 166–169. https://doi.org/10.1109/GLSV.1999.757402

Chudasama A, Sasamal TN (2016) Implementation of 4 × 4 vedic multiplier using carry save adder in quantum-dot cellular automata. Int Conf Commun and Signal Process (ICCSP). https://doi.org/10.1109/iccsp.2016.7754355

Dilabio GA, Wolkow RA, Pitters JL, Piva G (2015) Atomistic quantum dots. USA Patent: US 2015/006071 A1. https://patents.google.com/patent/US20150060771/en. Accessed 19 July 2018

Fazzion E, Fonseca OLHM, Augusto J, Nacif M, Neto OPV, Fernandes AO, Silva DS (2014). A quantum-dot cellular automata processor design. 27th Symposium on Integrated Circuits and Systems Design (SBCCI). pp. 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1145/2660540.2660997

Heikalabad SR, Navin AH, Hosseinzadeh M (2016) Content addressable memory cell in quantum-dot cellular automata. Microelectr Eng 163:140–150. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mee.2016.06.009 CrossRef

Imre A, Csaba G, Ji L, Orlov A, Bernstein GH, Porod W (2006) Majority logic gate for magnetic quantum-dot cellular automata. Science 311:205–208. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1120506 CrossRef

Iqbal J, Khanday FA, Shah NA (2013) Efficient quantum dot cellular automata (QCA) implementation of code converters. Commun Inf Sci Manag Eng 3:504–515

Islam S, Abdullah-al Shafi M, Bahar AN (2015) Implementation of binary to gray code converters in quantum dot cellular automata. J Today Ideas Tomorrow Technol 3:145–160. https://doi.org/10.15415/jotitt.2015.32010 CrossRef

Karkaj ET, Heikalabad SR (2016) Binary to gray and gray to binary converter in quantum-dot cellular automata. Opt Int J Light Electron Optic. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2016.11.087

Lent C (2000) Molecular electronics-bypassing the transistor paradigm. Science 288:1597–1599. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.288.5471.1597 CrossRef

Lent C, Tougaw P, Porod W, Bernstein G (1993) Quantum cellular automata. Nanotechnology 4:49–57. https://doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/4/1/004 CrossRef

Lent C, Tougaw P (1997) A device architecture for computing with quantum dots. Proc IEEE 85:541–557 PII: S 0018-9219(97)02731-X CrossRef

Lin S, Costello Jr DJ (2011) Error control coding. Pearson Education India, New Delhi. ISBN-13:978–8131734407MATH

Liu W, Lu L, O’Neill M, Swartzlander EE Jr (2011) Design rules for quantum-dot cellular automata. IEEE Int Symp Circuits Syst (ISCAS). https://doi.org/10.1109/iscas.2011.5938077

Mehta H, Owens RM, Irwin MJ (1996) Some issues in gray code addressing. In: Proceedings of the sixth great lakes symposium on VLSI, Ames, IA, pp 178–181. https://doi.org/10.1109/GLSV.1996.497616

Momenzadeh M, Huang J, Tahoori MB, Lombardi F (2005) Characterization, test and logic synthesis of and-or-inverter (AOI) gate design for QCA implementation. IEEE Trans Comput Aided Des Integr Circuits Syst 24(12):1881–1893. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCAD.2005.852667 CrossRef

Moris Mano M (2007) Computer system architecture. Pearson Education India, New Delhi. ISBN-13:978–8131700709

Mukherjee C, Sukla SS, Basu SS, Chakraborty R, De D (2015a) Layered T full adder using quantum-dot cellular automata. IEEE Int Conf Electron Comput Commun Technol. https://doi.org/10.1109/conecct.2015.7383867

Mukherjee C, Sukla AS, Basu SS, Chakrabarty R, Khan A, De D (2015b) Layered T full adder using quantum-dot cellular automata. IEEE Int Conf Electron Comput Commun Technologies (CONECCT-2015). https://doi.org/10.1109/conecct.2015.7383867

Mukherjee C, Panda S, Mukhopadhyay AK, Maji B (2017) Synthesis of standard functions and generic Ex-OR module using layered T gate. Int J High Perfor Sys Arch 7(2):70–86

Niemier MT, Kogge PM (2004) Origins and motivations for design rules in QCA nano, quantum and molecular computing. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Netherlands, pp 267–293CrossRef

Perri S, Corsonello P, Cocorullo G (2014) Design of efficient binary comparators in quantum-dot cellular automata. IEEE Trans Nanotechnol 13(2):192–202. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2013.2295711 CrossRef

QCADesigner (2018) Available: www.atips.ca/projects/qcadesigner. Accessed 15 July 2017

Ramesh B, Asharani M, Srujana V, Chaithanya P, Rajaiah U (2016) Area efficient BCD adder in Quantum dot Cellular Automata. 2nd Int Conf Contemp Comput Inf (IC3I). https://doi.org/10.1109/ic3i.2016.7917955

Rao NG, Srikanth PC, Sharan P (2015) A novel quantum dot cellular automata for 4-bit code converters. Opt Int J Light Electron Optic. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2015.12.119

Roy SS, Mukherjee C, Panda S, Mukhopadhyay AK, Maji B (2017) Layered T comparator design using quantum-dot cellular automata. In: Presented in 2nd international conference on Devices for Integrated Circuit (DevIC), Kalyani, pp 90–94. https://doi.org/10.1109/DEVIC.2017.8073913

Sasamal TN, Singh AK, Ghanekar U (2016) Design of non-restoring binary array divider in majority logic-based QCA. Electron Lett 52(24):2001–2003. https://doi.org/10.1049/el.2016.3188 CrossRef

Sen B, Sengupta A, Dalui M, Sikdar BK (2010) Design of testable universal logic gate targeting minimum wire-crossings in QCA logic circuit. 2010 13th Euromicro Conference on Digital System Design: Architectures, Methods and Tools, Lille, pp 613–620. https://doi.org/10.1109/dsd.2010.114

Smith CG (1999) Computation without Current. Science 284:274. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.284.5412.274 CrossRef

Thakur G, Gumpe A, Sarvagya M, Sharan P (2016) An area efficient multiplexer for crossbar arbiter design using quantum dot cellular automata. IEEE Int Conf Recent Trends Electr Inf Commun Technol (RTEICT). https://doi.org/10.1109/rteict.2016.7807970

Toth G, Lent CS (1999) Quasi-adiabatic switching for metal-island quantum-dot cellular automata. J Appl Phys 85:2977–2984. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.369063 CrossRef

Waje MG, Dakhole PK (2014) Design and simulation of new XOR gate and code converters using quantum dot cellular automata with reduced number of wire crossings. IEEE Int Conf Circuit Power Comput Technol. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccpct.2014.7054942

Waje MG, Dakhole PK (2016) Analysis of various approaches used for the implementation of QCA based full adder circuit. Int Conf Electr Electron Optim Tech (ICEEOT). https://doi.org/10.1109/iceeot.2016.7755129

Liu W, Lu L, O’Neill M, Swartzlander EE (2010) Montgomery modular multiplier design in quantum-dot cellular automata using cut-set retiming. 10th IEEE Int Conf Nanotechnol. https://doi.org/10.1109/nano.2010.5697740

Zhang R, Walus K, Wang W, Jullien GA (2004) A method of majority logic reduction for quantum cellular automata. IEEE Trans Nanotechnol 3(4):443–450. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNANO.2004.834177 CrossRef

Title: Towards modular binary to gray converter design using LTEx module of quantum-dot cellular automata
Authors: Chiradeep Mukherjee
Saradindu Panda
Asish Kumar Mukhopadhyay
Bansibadan Maji
Publication date: 06-08-2018
Publisher: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Published in: Microsystem Technologies / Issue 5/2019
Print ISSN: 0946-7076
Electronic ISSN: 1432-1858
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00542-018-4066-0

Springer Professional

Abstract

Please log in to get access to your license.

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Springer Professional "Technik"

Other articles of this Issue 5/2019

Special Issues on the 4th International Conference on Computing, Comunication and Sensor Network (CCSN2015)

A study on remanufacturing possibility of a product

Low-phase-noise self-sustaining amplifier IC with parallel capacitance cancellation for low-Q piezoelectric resonator

Simulation and comparative study on analog/RF and linearity performance of III–V semiconductor-based staggered heterojunction and InAs nanowire(nw) Tunnel FET

Assessment of analog RF performance for insulated shallow extension (ISE) cylindrical surrounding gate (CSG) MOSFET incorporating gate stack

A low power fully differential RF receiver front-end for 2.4 GHz wireless sensor networks