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2020 | Book

Biophysical Characterization of Aptamer-Target Interactions Read chapter Read first chapter

Aptamers in Biotechnology

Editors: Dr. Katharina Urmann, Dr. Johanna-Gabriela Walter

Publisher: Springer International Publishing

Book Series : Advances in Biochemical Engineering/Biotechnology

Part of: Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" , Springer Professional "Technik"

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About this book

This book reviews the development, characterization and applications of aptamers in different areas of biotechnology ranging from therapeutics to diagnostics and protein purification. Hailed as chemical antibodies, these single-stranded nucleic acid receptors were predicted to supersede antibodies in traditional assays, such as ELISA, within a short time. While this has yet to happen, readers will find in this book a deep insight into the progress of aptamer technology and a critical discussion about the limitations that need to be overcome in order to find wider acceptance and use outside of the still relatively small aptamer-community.

This book covers all aspects of aptamer generation and application for the aptamer-experienced reader and curious novice alike, with the addition of an industry perspective on the future of aptamer-use in biotechnology.

Table of Contents

Frontmatter
Biophysical Characterization of Aptamer-Target Interactions
Abstract
Aptamers are single-stranded nucleic acid molecules forming well-defined 3D structures. Aptamers typically bind to their ligands with high affinity and specificity. They are capable of interacting with various kinds of ligands: ions, small molecules, peptides, proteins, viruses, bacteria, and even cells. Therefore, aptamers are in widespread use as sensor molecules or as targeting agents in diagnostics and pharmaceutics. As a prerequisite for their use in these economic high-value areas, aptamers must be studied in detail with respect to different biophysical characteristics. Of central importance are basic binding parameters of the aptamer-target interaction, such as binding affinity and kinetics. Numerous biophysical methods with different features, characteristics, and capabilities are used in the field today for this purpose.
This chapter provides an overview of the current state-of-the-art technologies for studying interactions between aptamers and targets and discusses their advantages as well as drawbacks. Furthermore, essential aspects influencing any aptamer characterization strategy will be presented. Finally, issues of comparability of binding data between different aptamer characterization technologies will be discussed.
Maximilian Plach, Thomas Schubert
Impedimetric Aptamer-Based Biosensors: Principles and Techniques
Abstract
Aptamers are a specific class of ligands with high affinities comparable to antibodies, which are selected and synthesized in vitro. In combination with impedance spectroscopy as sensitive measurement method, we gain a class of biosensors with high potential for handheld devices and point-of-care tests. In this review, we report on recent advances in aptamer-based impedimetric biosensors. Besides giving a short summary of electrochemical measurement techniques, the most exciting innovative developments of detection strategies in the last decades are reviewed. Finally, important criteria for the comparison of aptamer-based biosensors are discussed.
Graphical Abstract
Peggy Reich, John-Alexander Preuß, Nicole Bahner, Janina Bahnemann
Impedimetric Aptamer-Based Biosensors: Applications
Abstract
Impedimetric aptamer-based biosensors show high potential for handheld devices and point-of-care tests. In this review, we report on recent advances in aptamer-based impedimetric biosensors for applications in biotechnology. We detail on analytes relevant in medical and environmental biotechnology as well as food control, for which aptamer-based impedimetric biosensors were developed. The reviewed biosensors are examined for their performance, including sensitivity, selectivity, response time, and real sample validation. Additionally, the benefits and challenges of impedimetric aptasensors are summarized.
Graphical Abstract
John-Alexander Preuß, Peggy Reich, Nicole Bahner, Janina Bahnemann
Aptamer-Based Affinity Chromatography for Protein Extraction and Purification
Abstract
Aptamers are oligonucleotide molecules able to recognize very specifically proteins. Among the possible applications, aptamers have been used for affinity chromatography with effective results and advantages over most advanced protein separation technologies. This chapter first discusses the context of the affinity chromatography with aptamer ligands. With the adaptation of SELEX, the chemical modifications of aptamers to comply with the covalent coupling and the separation process are then extensively presented. A focus is then made about the most important applications for protein separation with real-life examples and the comparison with immunoaffinity chromatography. In spite of well-advanced demonstrations and the extraordinary potential developments, a significant optimization work is still due to deserve large-scale applications with all necessary validations.
G. Perret, E. Boschetti
Aptamers in Diagnostic and Molecular Imaging Applications
Abstract
The origin of the term diagnostic comes from the Greek word gnosis, meaning “to know.” In medicine, a diagnostic can predict the pathology risk, disease status, treatment, and prognosis, even following therapy. An early and correct diagnosis is necessary for an efficient treatment. Moreover, it is possible to predict if and why a therapy will be successful or fail, enabling the timely application of alternative therapeutic strategies. Available diagnostics are due to the advances in biotechnology; however, more sensitive, low-cost, and noninvasive methodologies are still a challenge. Knowledge about molecular characteristics provide personalized information, which is the goal of future medicine. Today, multiple diagnostic techniques have emerged, with which it is possible to distinguish molecular patterns.
In this way, aptamers are the perfect tools to recognize molecular targets and can be easily modified to confer additional functions. Their versatile characteristics and low cost make aptamers ideal for diagnostic applications.
This chapter is a review of aptamer-based diagnostics in biomedicine, with a special focus on probe design and molecular imaging.
Victoria Calzada
Aptamer-Modified Nanoparticles in Medical Applications
Abstract
Since aptamers have been selected against a broad range of target structures of medical interest and nanoparticles are available with diverse properties, aptamer-modified nanoparticles can be used in various diagnostic and therapeutic applications. While the aptamer is responsible for specificity and affinity of the conjugate, the nanoparticles’ function varies from signal generation in diagnostic approaches to drug loading in drug delivery systems. Within this chapter different medical applications of aptamer-modified nanoparticles will be summarized and underlying principles will be described.
Graphical Abstract
Alina Eilers, Sandra Witt, Johanna Walter
Defining Target Product Profiles (TPPs) for Aptamer-Based Diagnostics
Abstract
Defining target product profiles (TPPs) for aptamer-based diagnostics is crucial to the success or failure of aptamer businesses or products. A well-conceived TPP will place the aptamer in an assay for a target against which antibodies are ill-suited or have difficulty detecting the analyte, such as some highly related proteins or poorly immunogenic small molecule haptens. Strong TPPs can also take advantage of the unique nucleic acid nature of aptamers, to produce assays with longer shelf life or special chemical properties and ability to be modified versus protein-based antibodies. The following chapter reviews the essence of well-conceived TPPs especially with respect to aptamer targets for diagnostics and illustrates several examples of commercial aptamer diagnostic success.
Harleen Kaur, Bandhan Chaterjee, John G. Bruno, Tarun Kumar Sharma
Backmatter
Metadata
Title
Aptamers in Biotechnology
Editors
Dr. Katharina Urmann
Dr. Johanna-Gabriela Walter
Copyright Year
2020
Electronic ISBN
978-3-030-54061-6
Print ISBN
978-3-030-54060-9
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-54061-6

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