Skip to main content
Disciplines
Automotive Business IT + Informatics Construction + Real Estate Electrical Engineering + Electronics Energy + Sustainability Insurance + Risk Finance + Banking Management + Leadership Marketing + Sales Mechanical Engineering + Materials
Events
DE
EN
Books
Journals
Topic Page
Marketing
Start single access now
Access for companies
EXTENDED SEARCH
Log in
Top
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance
Published in: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 7/2024

20-04-2023 | Technical Article

Effect of Aging on Corrosion Resistance of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy

Authors: Pâmella S. Rodrigues, Isadora R. Zenóbio, Talita I. da Silva, Camila Q. C. Fernandes, Talita G. de Sousa, José A. de Castro, Gláucio S. da Fonseca, José A. O. Huguenin, Elivelton A. Ferreira

Published in: Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance | Issue 7/2024

Log in

Activate our intelligent search to find suitable subject content or patents.

search-config
loading …

Abstract

The corrosion resistance of AZ31 magnesium alloy is strongly related to the microstructure, while the corrosion process leads to the production of atomic hydrogen that can penetrate the magnesium lattice and provoke stress corrosion cracking (SCC). The rate of SCC depends on the magnitude of hydrogen diffusion in magnesium and its alloys. In this work, analysis was made of the hydrogen diffusion coefficient and corrosion resistance of AZ31 alloy solubilized at 440 °C for 24 h and submitted to aging heat treatment at 220 °C for 6 and 12 h. Hydrogen permeation tests showed that aging of the AZ31 alloy did not affect the hydrogen diffusion coefficient (D). The D value found in this work (~5.0·10−9 m2 s−1) was in accordance with recent data for Mg. Before performing the corrosion resistance tests, the samples were anodized by micro-arc oxidation at ambient or subzero temperature, in order to improve the corrosion resistance. The samples aged for 12 h and anodized at subzero temperature presented the highest incorporation of silicon, the presence of Mg2SiO4, and the highest corrosion resistance in Hank’s solution.

Graphical Abstract

previous article Research on Mechanical Properties and Constitutive Model of High-Damping Metal Wire Mesh
next article Quantitative Study of W-phase Content in Mg-Zn-Gd-Zr Alloys and Its Effect on Dynamic Recrystallization

Dont have a licence yet? Then find out more about our products and how to get one now:

Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Wirtschaft+Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 102.000 Bücher
  • über 537 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Finance + Banking
  • Management + Führung
  • Marketing + Vertrieb
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe
  • Versicherung + Risiko

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now

Springer Professional "Technik"

Online-Abonnement

Mit Springer Professional "Technik" erhalten Sie Zugriff auf:

  • über 67.000 Bücher
  • über 390 Zeitschriften

aus folgenden Fachgebieten:

  • Automobil + Motoren
  • Bauwesen + Immobilien
  • Business IT + Informatik
  • Elektrotechnik + Elektronik
  • Energie + Nachhaltigkeit
  • Maschinenbau + Werkstoffe




 

Jetzt Wissensvorsprung sichern!

inform now
Literature
1.
P.-R. Cha, H.-S. Han, G.-F. Yang, Y.-C. Kim, K.-H. Hong, S.-C. Lee, J.-Y. Jung, J.-P. Ahn, Y.-Y. Kim, S.-Y. Cho, J.Y. Byun, K.-S. Lee, S.-J. Yang, and H.-K. Seok, Biodegradability Engineering of Biodegradable Mg Alloys: Tailoring the Electrochemical Properties and Microstructure of Constituent Phases, Sci. Rep., 2013, 3(1), p 2367.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
2.
T.A. Grünewald, H. Rennhofer, B. Hesse, M. Burghammer, S.E. Stanzl-Tschegg, M. Cotte, J.F. Löffler, A.M. Weinberg, and H.C. Lichtenegger, Magnesium from Bioresorbable Implants: Distribution and Impact on the Nano- and Mineral Structure of Bone, Biomaterials, 2016, 76, p 250–260.PubMedCrossRef
3.
E. Willbold, K. Kalla, I. Bartsch, K. Bobe, M. Brauneis, S. Remennik, D. Shechtman, J. Nellesen, W. Tillmann, C. Vogt, and F. Witte, Biocompatibility of Rapidly Solidified Magnesium Alloy RS66 as a Temporary Biodegradable Metal, Acta Biomater., 2013, 9(10), p 8509–8517.PubMedCrossRef
4.
G. Crawford, N. Chawla, K. Das, S. Bose, and A. Bandyopadhyay, Microstructure and Deformation Behavior of Biocompatible TiO2 Nanotubes on Titanium Substrate☆, Acta Biomater., 2007, 3(3), p 359–367.PubMedCrossRef
5.
J. Zhang, Y. Gu, Y. Guo, and C. Ning, Electrochemical Behavior of Biocompatible AZ31 Magnesium Alloy in Simulated Body Fluid, J. Mater. Sci., 2012, 47(13), p 5197–5204.CrossRef
6.
E. Ghali, W. Dietzel, and K.-U. Kainer, General and Localized Corrosion of Magnesium Alloys: A Critical Review, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2004, 13(1), p 7–23.CrossRef
7.
L. Pompa, Z.U. Rahman, E. Munoz, and W. Haider, Surface Characterization and Cytotoxicity Response of Biodegradable Magnesium Alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. C, 2015, 49, p 761–768.CrossRef
8.
Z.U. Rahman, L. Pompa, and W. Haider, Electrochemical Characterization and In-Vitro Bio-Assessment of AZ31B and AZ91E Alloys as Biodegradable Implant Materials, J. Mater. Sci. Mater. Med., 2015, 26(8), p 217.CrossRef
9.
Z.U. Rahman, K.M. Deen, and W. Haider, Controlling Corrosion Kinetics of Magnesium Alloys by Electrochemical Anodization and Investigation of Film Mechanical Properties, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2019, 484, p 906–916.CrossRef
10.
S. Zhang, X. Zhang, C. Zhao, J. Li, Y. Song, C. Xie, H. Tao, Y. Zhang, Y. He, and Y. Jiang, Research on an Mg-Zn Alloy as a Degradable Biomaterial, Acta Biomater., 2010, 6(2), p 626–640.PubMedCrossRef
11.
H. Aghamohammadi, S.J. Hosseinipour, S.M. Rabiee, and R. Jamaati, Influence of Crystallographic Texture on the Corrosion Product Morphology and Corrosion Rate of AZ31 Plate in Simulated Body Fluid, J. Mater. Eng. Perform., 2020, 29(6), p 3824–3830.CrossRef
12.
M. Kappes, M. Iannuzzi, and R.M. Carranza, Hydrogen Embrittlement of Magnesium and Magnesium Alloys: A Review, J. Electrochem. Soc., 2013, 160(4), p C168–C178.CrossRef
13.
Q. Liu, J. Venezuela, M. Zhang, Q. Zhou, and A. Atrens, Hydrogen Trapping in Some Advanced High Strength Steels, Corros. Sci., 2016, 111, p 770–785.CrossRef
14.
L. Vecchi, D. Pecko, N. van den Steen, M.H. Mamme, B. Özdirik, D. van Laethem, Y. van Ingelgem, J. Deconinck, and H. Terryn, A Modelling Approach on the Impact of an Oxide Layer on the Hydrogen Permeation through Iron Membranes in the Devanathan-Stachurski Cell, Electrochim. Acta, 2018, 286, p 139–147.CrossRef
15.
L. Vecchi, H. Simillion, R. Montoya, D. van Laethem, E. van den Eeckhout, K. Verbeken, H. Terryn, J. Deconinck, and Y. van Ingelgem, Modelling of Hydrogen Permeation Experiments in Iron Alloys: Characterization of the Accessible Parameters-Part II-The Exit Side, Electrochim. Acta, 2018, 262, p 153–161.CrossRef
16.
H. Tian, X. Wang, Z. Cui, Q. Lu, L. Wang, L. Lei, Y. Li, and D. Zhang, Electrochemical Corrosion, Hydrogen Permeation and Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of E690 Steel in Thiosulfate-Containing Artificial Seawater, Corros. Sci., 2018, 144, p 145–162.CrossRef
17.
E. Fallahmohammadi, F. Bolzoni, and L. Lazzari, Measurement of Lattice and Apparent Diffusion Coefficient of Hydrogen in X65 and F22 Pipeline Steels, Int. J. Hydrogen Energy, 2013, 38(5), p 2531–2543.CrossRef
18.
L. Vecchi, H. Simillion, R. Montoya, D. van Laethem, E. van den Eeckhout, K. Verbeken, H. Terryn, J. Deconinck, and Y. van Ingelgem, Modelling of Hydrogen Permeation Experiments in Iron Alloys: Characterization of the Accessible Parameters-Part I-The Entry Side, Electrochim. Acta, 2018, 262, p 57–65.CrossRef
19.
C.-H. Wu, W. Krieger, and M. Rohwerder, On the Robustness of the Kelvin Probe Based Potentiometric Hydrogen Electrode Method and Its Application in Characterizing Effective Hydrogen Activity in Metal: 5 wt.% Ni Cold-Rolled Ferritic Steel as an Example, Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater., 2019, 20(1), p 1073–1089.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
20.
H. Addach, P. Berçot, M. Rezrazi, and J. Takadoum, Study of the Electrochemical Permeation of Hydrogen in Iron, Corros. Sci., 2009, 51(2), p 263–267.CrossRef
21.
E. van den Eeckhout, I. de Baere, T. Depover, and K. Verbeken, The Effect of a Constant Tensile Load on the Hydrogen Diffusivity in Dual Phase Steel by Electrochemical Permeation Experiments, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2020, 773, p 138872.CrossRef
22.
X.Y. Cheng and H.X. Zhang, A New Perspective on Hydrogen Diffusion and Hydrogen Embrittlement in Low-Alloy High Strength Steel, Corros. Sci., 2020, 174, p 108800.CrossRef
23.
S. Zhang, E. Fan, J. Wan, J. Liu, Y. Huang, and X. Li, Effect of Nb on the Hydrogen-Induced Cracking of High-Strength Low-Alloy Steel, Corros. Sci., 2018, 139, p 83–96.CrossRef
24.
J.G. Yu, J.L. Luo, and P.R. Norton, Effects of Hydrogen on the Electronic Properties and Stability of the Passive Films on Iron, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2001, 177(1–2), p 129–138.CrossRef
25.
K. Shi, S. Xiao, Q. Ruan, H. Wu, G. Chen, C. Zhou, S. Jiang, K. Xi, M. He, and P.K. Chu, Hydrogen Permeation Behavior and Mechanism of Multi-Layered Graphene Coatings and Mitigation of Hydrogen Embrittlement of Pipe Steel, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2022, 573, p 151529.CrossRef
26.
A. Drexler, B. Helic, Z. Silvayeh, K. Mraczek, C. Sommitsch, and J. Domitner, The Role of Hydrogen Diffusion, Trapping and Desorption in Dual Phase Steels, J. Mater. Sci., 2022, 57(7), p 4789–4805.CrossRef
27.
S. Rengamani, S. Muralidharan, M. Anbu Kulandainathan, and S. Venkatakrishna Iyer, Inhibiting and Accelerating Effects of Aminophenols on the Corrosion and Permeation of Hydrogen through Mild Steel in Acidic Solutions, J. Appl. Electrochem., 1994, 24(4), p 355–360.CrossRef
28.
H.A. Duarte, D.M. See, B.N. Popov, and R.E. White, Organic Compounds as Effective Inhibitors for Hydrogen Permeation of Type 1010 Steel, Corrosion, 1998, 54(3), p 187–193.CrossRef
29.
R.L. Martin, Inhibition of Hydrogen Permeation in Steels Corroding in Sour Fluids, Corrosion, 1993, 49(8), p 694–701.CrossRef
30.
M.A. Quraishi, J. Rawat, and M. Ajmal, Dithiobiurets: A Novel Class of Acid Corrosion Inhibitors for Mild Steel, J. Appl. Electrochem., 2000, 30(6), p 745–751.CrossRef
31.
M.G. Silva, R.G. de Araujo, R.L. Silvério, A.N.C. Costa, D.P. Sangi, L.F. Pedrosa, G.S. da Fonseca, L. da Silva, L.W. Coelho, and E.A. Ferreira, Inhibition Effects of Ionic and Non-Ionic Derivatives of Imidazole Compounds on Hydrogen Permeation during Carbon Steel Pickling, J. Market. Res., 2022, 16, p 1324–1338.
32.
J. Aromaa, A. Pehkonen, S. Schmachtel, I. Galfi, and O. Forsén, Electrochemical Determination of Hydrogen Entry to HSLA Steel during Pickling, Adv. Mater. Sci. Eng., 2018, 2018, p 1–7.CrossRef
33.
V. Knotek, V. Hošek, D. Vojtěch, P. Novák, J. Šerák, A. Michalcová, F. Průša, T. Popela, M. Novák, Properties Of Magnesium Alloys For Hydrogen Storage, In: Proceedings of the 19th International Conference on Metallurgy and Materials, p. 1-6. (2010)
34.
N.N. Aung and W. Zhou, Effect of Grain Size and Twins on Corrosion Behaviour of AZ31B Magnesium Alloy, Corros. Sci., 2010, 52(2), p 589–594.CrossRef
35.
L.C. Tsao, Stress-Corrosion Cracking Susceptibility of AZ31 Alloy after Varied Heat-Treatment in 35 Wt.% NaCl Solution, Int. J. Mater. Res., 2010, 101(9), p 1166–1171.CrossRef
36.
D. Wan, J. Wang, G. Wang, L. Lin, Z. Feng, and G. Yang, Precipitation and Responding Damping Behavior of Heat-Treated AZ31 Magnesium Alloy, Acta. Metall. Sinica (English Lett), 2009, 22(1), p 1–6.CrossRef
37.
N. Winzer, A. Atrens, W. Dietzel, G. Song, and K.U. Kainer, Evaluation of the Delayed Hydride Cracking Mechanism for Transgranular Stress Corrosion Cracking of Magnesium Alloys, Mater. Sci. Eng. A, 2007, 466(1–2), p 18–31.CrossRef
38.
F. Qi, X. Zhang, G. Wu, W. Liu, L. Wen, H. Xie, S. Xu, and X. Tong, Effect of Heat Treatment on the Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Cast Mg-3Nd-3Gd-0.2Zn-0.5Zr Alloy in a 3.5 Wt.% NaCl Salt Spray Environment, Mater. Charact., 2022, 183, p 111630.CrossRef
39.
X. Ma, S. Zhu, L. Wang, C. Ji, C. Ren, and S. Guan, Synthesis and Properties of a Bio-Composite Coating Formed on Magnesium Alloy by One-Step Method of Micro-Arc Oxidation, J. Alloys Compd., 2014, 590, p 247–253.CrossRef
40.
Z. Zhang, F. He, C. Huang, Z. Song, J. Yang, and X. Wang, Effect of Fe3+ and F- on Black Micro-arc Oxidation Ceramic Coating of Magnesium Alloy, Int. J. Appl. Ceram. Technol., 2022, 19(4), p 2203–2212.CrossRef
41.
M. Fazel, H.R. Salimijazi, and M. Shamanian, Improvement of Corrosion and Tribocorrosion Behavior of Pure Titanium by Subzero Anodic Spark Oxidation, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 2018, 10(17), p 15281–15287.PubMedCrossRef
42.
N. Nashrah, M.P. Kamil, D.K. Yoon, Y.G. Kim, and Y.G. Ko, Formation Mechanism of Oxide Layer on AZ31 Mg Alloy Subjected to Micro-Arc Oxidation Considering Surface Roughness, Appl. Surf. Sci., 2019, 497, p 143772.CrossRef
43.
Gh. Barati Darband, M. Aliofkhazraei, P. Hamghalam, and N. Valizade, Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation of Magnesium and Its Alloys: Mechanism Properties and Applications, J. Magnesium Alloys, 2017, 5(1), p 74–132.CrossRef
44.
S. Fatimah, Y.G. Kim, D.K. Yoon, and Y.G. Ko, Anomaly of Corrosion Resistance of Pure Magnesium via Soft Plasma Electrolysis at Sub-Zero Temperature, Surf. Coat Technol., 2020, 385, p 125383.CrossRef
45.
A. Ghasemi, V.S. Raja, C. Blawert, W. Dietzel, and K.U. Kainer, The Role of Anions in the Formation and Corrosion Resistance of the Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coatings, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, 204(9–10), p 1469–1478.CrossRef
46.
H. Fukuda and Y. Matsumoto, Effects of Na2SiO3 on Anodization of Mg-Al-Zn Alloy in 3 M KOH Solution, Corros. Sci., 2004, 46(9), p 2135–2142.CrossRef
47.
R.F. Zhang, S.F. Zhang, J.H. Xiang, L.H. Zhang, Y.Q. Zhang, and S.B. Guo, Influence of Sodium Silicate Concentration on Properties of Micro Arc Oxidation Coatings Formed on AZ91HP Magnesium Alloys, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2012, 206(24), p 5072–5079.CrossRef
48.
S. Salman, R. Ichino, and M. Okido, Influence of Calcium Hydroxide and Anodic Solution Temperature on Corrosion Property of Anodising Coatings Formed on AZ31 Mg Alloys, Surf. Eng., 2008, 24(3), p 242–245.CrossRef
49.
L. Chai, X. Yu, Z. Yang, Y. Wang, and M. Okido, Anodizing of Magnesium Alloy AZ31 in Alkaline Solutions with Silicate under Continuous Sparking, Corros. Sci., 2008, 50(12), p 3274–3279.CrossRef
50.
A.F. Yetim, Investigation of Wear Behavior of Titanium Oxide Films, Produced by Anodic Oxidation, on Commercially Pure Titanium in Vacuum Conditions, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2010, 205(6), p 1757–1763.CrossRef
51.
52.
L. Chen, Y. Gu, L. Liu, S. Liu, B. Hou, Q. Liu, and H. Ding, Effect of Ultrasonic Cold Forging Technology as the Pretreatment on the Corrosion Resistance of MAO Ca/P Coating on AZ31B Mg Alloy, J. Alloys Compd., 2015, 635, p 278–288.CrossRef
53.
J. Jiang, Q. Zhou, J. Yu, A. Ma, D. Song, F. Lu, L. Zhang, D. Yang, and J. Chen, Comparative Analysis for Corrosion Resistance of Micro-Arc Oxidation Coatings on Coarse-Grained and Ultra-Fine Grained AZ91D Mg Alloy, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2013, 216, p 259–266.CrossRef
54.
X. Ly, S. Yang, and T. Nguyen, Effect of Equal Channel Angular Pressing as the Pretreatment on Microstructure and Corrosion Behavior of Micro-Arc Oxidation (MAO) Composite Coating on Biodegradable Mg-Zn-Ca Alloy, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2020, 395, p 125923.CrossRef
55.
C. Liu, J. Liang, J. Zhou, Q. Li, Z. Peng, and L. Wang, Characterization and Corrosion Behavior of Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation Coated AZ91-T6 Magnesium Alloy, Surf. Coat. Technol., 2016, 304, p 179–187.CrossRef
56.
Y. Xue, X. Pang, B. Jiang, H. Jahed, and D. Wang, Characterization of the Corrosion Performances of As-cast Mg-Al and Mg-Zn Magnesium Alloys with Microarc Oxidation Coatings, Mater. Corros., 2020, 71(6), p 992–1006.CrossRef
57.
58.
59.
N.I. Zainal Abidin, D. Martin, and A. Atrens, Corrosion of High Purity Mg, AZ91 ZE41 and Mg2Zn0.2Mn in Hank’s Solution at Room Temperature, Corros. Sci., 2011, 53(3), p 862–872.CrossRef
60.
G.L. Song, and A. Atrens, Corrosion Mechanisms of Magnesium Alloys, Adv. Eng. Mater., 1999, 1(1), p 11–33.CrossRef
61.
R.O. Hussein, X. Nie, and D.O. Northwood, An Investigation of Ceramic Coating Growth Mechanisms in Plasma Electrolytic Oxidation (PEO) Processing, Electrochim. Acta., 2013, 112, p 111–119.CrossRef
62.
S. Durdu, A. Aytaç, and M. Usta, Characterization and Corrosion Behavior of Ceramic Coating on Magnesium by Micro-Arc Oxidation, J. Alloys Compd., 2011, 509(34), p 8601–8606.CrossRef
63.
L. Liu, S. Yu, G. Zhu, Q. Li, E. Liu, W. Xiong, B. Wang, and X. Yang, Corrosion and Wear Resistance of Micro-Arc Oxidation Coating on Glass Microsphere Reinforced Mg Alloy Composite, J. Mater. Sci., 2021, 56(27), p 15379–15396.CrossRef
64.
L. Liu, S. Yu, E. Liu, Y. Zhao, B. Wang, Y. Niu, K. Zhang, G. Zhu, and Q. Li, Preparation and Characterization of Micro-Arc Oxidation Coating on Hollow Glass Microspheres/Mg Alloy Degradable Composite, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2021, 271, p 124935.CrossRef
65.
E. Barsoukov, and J.R. Macdonald, Impedance Spectroscopy, Wiley, Hoboken, New Jersey, U.S., 2005.CrossRef
66.
P. Zhang and Y. Zuo, Relationship between Porosity, Pore Parameters and Properties of Microarc Oxidation Film on AZ91D Magnesium Alloy, Results Phys., 2019, 12, p 2044–2054.CrossRef
67.
X. He, H. Liang, Z. Yan, and R. Bai, Stress Corrosion Cracking Behavior of Micro-Arc Oxidized AZ31 Alloy, Proc. Inst. Mech. Eng. C J. Mech. Eng. Sci., 2020, 234(8), p 1640–1652.CrossRef
Metadata
Title
Effect of Aging on Corrosion Resistance of AZ31 Magnesium Alloy
Authors
Pâmella S. Rodrigues
Isadora R. Zenóbio
Talita I. da Silva
Camila Q. C. Fernandes
Talita G. de Sousa
José A. de Castro
Gláucio S. da Fonseca
José A. O. Huguenin
Elivelton A. Ferreira
Publication date
20-04-2023
Publisher
Springer US
Published in
Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance / Issue 7/2024
Print ISSN: 1059-9495
Electronic ISSN: 1544-1024
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11665-023-08170-3

Other articles of this Issue 7/2024

Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 7/2024 Go to the issue

Technical Article

Influence of Pouring Temperature on Interfacial Bonding of 40Cr/Q345B Bimetallic Ring Blank Produced by Centrifugal Casting

Technical Article

Effects of Induction Quenching on the Recrystallization Behavior of a Twin-Structured Mg-Mn Alloy

Technical Article

Effect of Annealing Treatment on Precipitates and Tensile Properties of FeCoCrNiVN High-Entropy Alloy Produced by Twin-Roll Casting

Editorial

Announcing the Journal of Materials Engineering and Performance 2023 Editor’s Choice Selections

Review

Recent Developments in Cladding and Coating Using Cold Metal Transfer Technology

Technical Article

Tension–Compression Flow Asymmetry as a Function of Alloy Composition in the Al-Si System

Premium Partners

    Image Credits