Realizing simultaneously enhanced energy and power density full-cell construction using mixed hard carbon/Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ electrode

Practical applications of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) with both high energy and power density are urgently demanded, which require suitable charge/discharge platform, fast charge-transfer kinetics, as well as optimal solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) layer of electrode materials. In this work, a high-performance lithium-ion battery (LIB) full cell was assembled by using commercial LiNi_0.33Co_0.33Mn_0.33O₂ (NCM111) as the positive electrode and mixed Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ (LTO)/hard carbon (HC) as the negative electrode. It reveals that the component ratio between LTO and HC plays a critical role in manipulating the electric conductivity and the electro-reaction platform. The electrochemical test results show that when the content of HC is 10 wt%, the as-constructed full cell demonstrates the best electrochemical, with a maximum energy density of 149.2 Wh·kg⁻¹ and a maximum power density of 2195 W·kg⁻¹ at 10 A·g⁻¹ (30C). This outperforms all the assembled systems within our work range and the state-of-the-art literatures. The NCM//Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ + 10 wt% HC battery system also exhibits a good capacity retention after 1000 cycles at the current density of 1 A·g⁻¹. This work provides a new approach to enhance the full-cell performance by mixing electrode materials with different charge potentials and reaction kinetics.